Menopause

Guidelines, reviews, epidemiology

Menopause, hormone replacement therapy

• Asia
  • Climacteric
    • Updated clinical recommendations for the use of tibolone in Asian women [2010]
• Australia
  • Australasian Menopause Society
    • AMS Guide to MHT/HRT Doses Australia only
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • Making choices at menopause [2019]
  • Australian Prescriber
    • Management of menopause [2023]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Menopause and the influence of culture: another gap for Indigenous Australian women? [2012]
  • Monash University
    • A Practitioner's Toolkit for Managing Menopause [2023]
  • Royal Australian College of General Practitioners
    • Postmenopause
• Australia, New Zealand
  • Australasian Menopause Society
    • Health Professionals
  • Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Managing menopausal symptoms [2020]
• Austria, Germany
  • Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
    • Perimenopause and Postmenopause – Diagnosis and Interventions. Guideline of the DGGG and OEGGG (S3-Level, AWMF Registry Number 015-062, September 2020) [2021]
• Canada
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Oral Progesterone for the Treatment of Menopausal Symptoms: A Review of the Clinical Evidence [2014]
  • CMAJ
    • A pragmatic approach to the management of menopause [2023]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • SOGC Guidelines Collection: Managing Menopause
• Canada, United States
  • Menopause Society
    • The 2022 hormone therapy position statement of The North American Menopause Society [2022]
    • Position Statements
• China
  • Journal of Medical Economics
    • Evaluating the cost utility of estradiol plus dydrogesterone for the treatment of menopausal women in China [2024]
  • Menopause
    • Prevalence and risk factors for menopausal symptoms in middle-aged Chinese women: a community-based cross-sectional study [2021]
• Europe
  • European AIDS Clinical Society
    • Management of menopause in women living with HIV - A comparative guideline review [2024]
    • Collection of menopause data in studies of women living with HIV: A systematic literature review [2024]
  • European Menopause and Andropause Society
    • Chronic kidney disease and menopausal health: An EMAS clinical guide [2025]
    • EMAS position statement: Thyroid disease and menopause [2024]
    • The essential menopause curriculum for healthcare professionals: A European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) position statement [2022]
    • Menopause, wellbeing and health: A care pathway from the European Menopause and Andropause Society [2022]
    • Global consensus recommendations on menopause in the workplace: A European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) position statement [2021]
    • The Mediterranean diet and menopausal health: An EMAS position statement [2020]
    • Menopause and diabetes: EMAS clinical guide [2018]
    • A model of care for healthy menopause and ageing: EMAS position statement [2016]
    • EMAS position statement: The ten point guide to the integral management of menopausal health [2015]
    • Guidelines and education
• France
  • Maturitas
    • Management of postmenopausal women: Collège National des Gynécologues et Obstétriciens Français (CNGOF) and Groupe d'Etude sur la Ménopause et le Vieillissement (GEMVi) Clinical Practice Guidelines [2022]
• Germany
  • Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    • Peri- and postmenopause—diagnosis and interventions interdisciplinary S3 guideline of the association of the scientific medical societies in Germany (AWMF 015/062): short version [2020]
    • Hormone therapy in perimenopause and postmenopause (HT). Interdisciplinary S3 Guideline, Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany AWMF 015/062-short version [2011]
  • Deutsches Ärzteblatt International
    • The Treatment of Climacteric Symptoms [2012]
• India
  • Indian Menopause Society
    • Clinical Practice Guidelines on Menopause and Postmenopausal Osteoporosis [2020]
    • Information for Professionals
• International
  • BioScience Trends
    • Update on hormone therapy for the management of postmenopausal women [2022]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Mapping global prevalence of menopausal symptoms among middle-aged women: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Towards a more accurate global picture of perimenopause [2024]
  • Climacteric
    • The 2023 Practitioner's Toolkit for Managing Menopause [2023]
    • Global Consensus Statement on Menopausal Hormone Therapy [2013]
  • European Menopause and Andropause Society
    • European Menopause and Andropause Society (EMAS) and International Gynecologic Cancer Society (IGCS) position statement on managing the menopause after gynecological cancer: focus on menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis [2020]
  • Fertility and Sterility
    • Executive summary of the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop + 10: addressing the unfinished agenda of staging reproductive aging [2012]
  • International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    • Counseling in menopausal women: How to address the benefits and risks of menopause hormone therapy. A FIGO position paper [2024]
  • International Menopause Society
    • Menopause and MHT in 2024: addressing the key controversies - an International Menopause Society White Paper [2024]
    • Position Papers and Consensus Statements
  • PLoS Medicine
    • Menopausal hormone therapy and women’s health: An umbrella review [2021]
    • Relationships between intensity, duration, cumulative dose, and timing of smoking with age at menopause: A pooled analysis of individual data from 17 observational studies [2018]
  • Reproductive Health
    • A review of menopause nomenclature [2022]
• Ireland
  • Irish Journal of Medical Science
    • Using menopausal hormone therapy after a cancer diagnosis in Ireland [2023]
• Israel
  • International Journal of Women's Health
    • Healthcare Utilization and Prevalence of Symptoms in Women with Menopause: A Real-World Analysis [2020]
• Italy
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Informing women about hormone replacement therapy: the Consensus conference statement [2009]
• Japan
  • Journal of Epidemiology
    • Prevalence of the Use of Oral Contraceptives and Hormone Replacement Therapy in Japan: The Japan Nurses' Health Study [2022]
• Latin America
  • Federación Latinoamericana de Sociedades de Climaterio y Menopausia
    • Position statement of the Latin American Federation of Climacteric and Menopause Societies (FLASCYM) regarding the use of Bioidentical Hormonal Compounds during female mid-life [2024]
• Low and middle income countries
  • BMJ Global Health
    • Secular trends in premature and early menopause in low-income and middle-income countries [2023]
• Malaysia
  • Ministry of Health Malaysia
    • Management of Menopause in Malaysia [2022]
• New Zealand
  • Australasian Menopause Society
    • AMS Guide to MHT/HRT Doses New Zealand only
• Norway
  • Human Reproduction
    • Temporal trends in age at menarche and age at menopause: a population study of 312 656 women in Norway [2020]
• Poland
  • Ginekologia Polska
    • Supplementation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in pre- and postmenopausal women — position statement of expert panel of Polish Menopause and Andropause Society [2020]
  • Przeglad Menopauzalny = Menopause Review
    • Position Statement by Experts of the Polish Menopause and Andropause Society on menopausal hormone therapy with an oral combination drug containing oestradiol 1 mg and progesterone 100 mg [2021]
    • Guidelines for menopausal hormone therapy: Recommendations of the Polish Menopause and Andropause Society – state of knowledge as of December 2013 [2014]
• Republic of Korea
  • Journal of Menopausal Medicine
    • The 2020 Menopausal Hormone Therapy Guidelines [2020]
  • Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific
    • Risk of female-specific cancers according to obesity and menopausal status in 2•7 million Korean women: Similar trends between Korean and Western women [2021]
  • Scientific Reports
    • The beneficial effects of menopausal hormone therapy on renal survival in postmenopausal Korean women from a nationwide health survey [2021]
• Republic of Korea, United States
  • Journal of Korean Medical Science
    • Trends of Premature and Early Menopause: a Comparative Study of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [2020]
• Sweden
  • Maturitas
    • Trends in the incidence, prevalence and sales volume of menopausal hormone therapy in Sweden from 2000 to 2021 [2023]
• United Kingdom
  • British Gynaecological Cancer Society
    • British Gynaecological Cancer Society and British Menopause Society guidelines: Management of menopausal symptoms following treatment of gynaecological cancer [2024]
  • British Journal of General Practice
    • Prescribing hormone replacement therapy: key considerations for primary care physicians [2023]
    • Socioeconomic status and HRT prescribing: a study of practice-level data in England [2020]
  • British Menopause Society
    • Menopause practice standards [2024]
    • Optimising the menopause transition: Joint position statement by the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on best practice recommendations for the care of women experiencing the menopause [2022]
    • Joint position statement by the British Menopause Society, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and Society for Endocrinology on best practice recommendations for the care of women experiencing the menopause [2022]
    • Developing the Women's health strategy: The British Menopause Society's recommendations to the department of health and social care's call for evidence [2022]
    • British Menopause Society vision for menopause care in the UK: Endorsed by Royal College of General Practitioners, Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Health, Royal College of Nursing, and Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists [2017]
    • BMS Tools for Clinicians
  • Health Expectations
    • Women's Menopausal Experiences in the UK: A Systemic Literature Review of Qualitative Studies [2025]
  • Journal of Virus Eradication
    • Menopause care in women living with HIV in the UK - A review [2022]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Menopause: identification and management [2024]
    • Removal, preservation and subsequent reimplantation of ovarian tissue to prevent symptoms from the menopause [2022]
    • Menopause (Quality standard) [2017]
    • Menopause
  • Post Reproductive Health
    • An online survey and interview of GPs in the UK for assessing their satisfaction regarding the medical training curriculum and NICE guidelines for the management of menopause [2022]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Ovarian Cysts in Postmenopausal Women [2016]
  • Women's Health
    • The evolving perspective of menopause management in the United Kingdom [2024]
• United States
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Persons: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force [2022]
    • Menopausal Symptoms: Comparative Effectiveness of Therapies [2015]
    • Menopausal Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions [2012]
  • American Association of Clinical Endocrinology
    • American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology Position Statement on Menopause–2017 Update [2017]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Compounded Bioidentical Menopausal Hormone Therapy [2023]
  • American Society for Reproductive Medicine
    • Menopause
  • Climacteric
    • Physiologic and psychosocial changes of the menopause transition in US Latinas: A narrative review [2021]
  • Clinical Epigenetics
    • Timing of menarche and menopause and epigenetic aging among U.S. adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002 [2025]
  • Endocrine Society
    • Treatment of Symptoms of the Menopause: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline [2015]
  • Endotext
    • The Postmenopausal Women
    • Menopause and Hormone Replacement
  • Food and Drug Administration
    • Estrogen and Estrogen/Progestin Drug Products to Treat Vasomotor Symptoms and Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy Symptoms — Recommendations for Clinical Evaluation [2003]
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • Risks, Benefits, and Treatment Modalities of Menopausal Hormone Therapy: Current Concepts [2021]
  • JAMA
    • Trends in Age at Natural Menopause and Reproductive Life Span Among US Women, 1959-2018 [2021]
  • JAMA Health Forum
    • Menopausal Hormone Therapy Use Among Postmenopausal Women [2024]
  • Maturitas
    • Effect of menopausal hormone therapy on COVID-19 severe outcomes in women - A population-based study of the US National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) data [2023]
  • Menopause
    • Treatment and resource utilization for menopausal symptoms in the United States: a retrospective review of real-world evidence from US electronic health records [2023]
    • Racial/ethnic disparities in the diagnosis and management of menopause symptoms among midlife women veterans [2022]
    • Menopausal Hormone Therapy Trends Before Versus After 2002: Impact of the Women’s Health Initiative Study Results [2018]
  • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
    • The Clinical Utility of Compounded Bioidentical Hormone Therapy: A Review of Safety, Effectiveness, and Use [2020]
  • National Cancer Institute
    • Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Cancer
  • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
    • Menopause
  • Society for Women's Health Research
    • Menopause preparedness: perspectives for patient, provider, and policymaker consideration [2021]
  • StatPearls
    • Menopause
    • Hormone Replacement Therapy
  • U.S. Pharmacist
    • Hormone Replacement Therapy for Menopausal Symptoms [2018]
  • U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
    • Hormone Therapy in Postmenopausal Persons: Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions [2022]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Menopause: Fact sheet
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Osteoporosis
    • Menopause: alternative therapy, non-hormone therapy
    • Menopause, hormone replacement therapy: hot flashes, vasomotor symptoms
    • Menopause, hormone replacement therapy: genitourinary syndrome, sexual disorders
    • Menopause, hormone replacement therapy: abnormal bleeding
    • Menopause, hormone replacement therapy, mental disorders
    • Menopause, hormone replacement therapy, cardiovascular disease
    • Menopause, hormone replacement therapy, breast cancer

Menopause, hormone replacement therapy, breast cancer

• Australia
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • Safety of vaginal oestrogens for genitourinary symptoms in women with breast cancer [2024]
• Australia, New Zealand
  • Australasian Menopause Society
    • Breast Cancer and Menopause
• Canada
  • British Columbia Medical Journal
    • Managing menopause Part 2: Hormone therapy and breast cancer, cardiovascular disease, and premature ovarian insufficiency [2022]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Menopause and Breast Cancer [2021]
• Denmark
  • Cancer Causes and Control
    • Hormone replacement therapy, mammographic density, and breast cancer risk: a cohort study [2018]
  • Journal of the National Cancer Institute
    • Systemic or Vaginal Hormone Therapy After Early Breast Cancer: A Danish Observational Cohort Study [2022]
• India
  • Journal of Mid-Life Health
    • Menopause Hormone Therapy in the Changing Trends of Breast Cancer in India [2020]
• International
  • Breast Cancer Research and Treatment
    • Hormone replacement therapy and mammographic density: a systematic literature review [2020]
  • Breast Care
    • Menopausal Hormone Therapy and the Breast: A Review of Clinical Studies [2023]
  • British Menopause Society
    • BMS, IMS, EMAS, RCOG and AMS Joint Statement on menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and breast cancer risk in response to EMA Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee recommendations in May 2020 [2020]
  • Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
    • Nonhormonal Hot Flash Management for Breast Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis [2020]
  • Lancet
    • Type and timing of menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis of the worldwide epidemiological evidence [2019]
  • Medicina
    • Emerging Use of Vaginal Laser to Treat Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause for Breast Cancer Survivors: A Review [2023]
• Israel
  • International Journal of Women's Health
    • Hormone-Replacement Therapy and Its Association with Breast Cancer Subtypes: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study [2021]
• Norway
  • Breast Cancer Research
    • Menopausal hormone therapy and incidence, mortality, and survival of breast cancer subtypes: a prospective cohort study [2024]
  • British Journal of Cancer
    • Menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer risk: a population-based cohort study of 1.3 million women in Norway [2024]
  • Cancer Medicine
    • Breast cancer incidence and menopausal hormone therapy in Norway from 2004 to 2009: a register-based cohort study [2015]
• Republic of Korea
  • Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention
    • Hormone Replacement Therapy, Breast Cancer Risk Factors, and Breast Cancer Risk: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort [2020]
  • Cancer Research and Treatment
    • Short-term Impact of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Risk of Breast Cancer in BRCA Mutation Carriers: A Nationwide Study in South Korea [2024]
  • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
    • Hormone Replacement Therapy and Risk of Breast Cancer in Korean Women: A Quantitative Systematic Review [2015]
• Taiwan
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • The Risk of Breast Cancer in Women Using Menopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy in Taiwan [2016]
• United Kingdom
  • BMJ
    • Use of hormone replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer: nested case-control studies using the QResearch and CPRD databases [2020]
  • British Journal of General Practice
    • Breast cancer risk assessment for prescription of menopausal hormone therapy in women with a family history of breast cancer: an epidemiological modelling study [2024]
  • British Menopause Society
    • The management of estrogen deficiency symptoms, arthralgia and menopause diagnosis in women treated for early breast cancer
    • Benefits and risks of HRT before and after a Breast Cancer Diagnosis
  • Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
    • Hormone replacement therapy (HRT): further information on the known increased risk of breast cancer with HRT and its persistence after stopping [2019]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Managing genitourinary symptoms – breast cancer recurrence [2024]
• United States
  • American Cancer Society
    • Menopausal Hormone Therapy After Breast Cancer
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Treatment of Urogenital Symptoms in Individuals With a History of Estrogen-dependent Breast Cancer [2021]
  • Breast Cancer Research
    • Use of postmenopausal hormone therapies and risk of histology- and hormone receptor-defined breast cancer: results from a 15-year prospective analysis of NIH-AARP cohort [2020]
  • Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium
    • Declines in invasive breast cancer and use of postmenopausal hormone therapy in a screening mammography population [2007]
  • Cancer
    • Forty-year trends in menopausal hormone therapy use and breast cancer incidence among postmenopausal black and white women [2020]
  • JAMA
    • Association of Menopausal Hormone Therapy With Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality During Long-term Follow-up of the Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Clinical Trials [2020]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Menopause, hormone replacement therapy
    • Breast cancer

Menopause, hormone replacement therapy, cardiovascular disease

• Australia, Europe
  • Human Reproduction
    • Type of menopause, age of menopause and variations in the risk of incident cardiovascular disease: pooled analysis of individual data from 10 international studies [2020]
• Australia, New Zealand
  • Australasian Menopause Society
    • Venous thrombosis/thromboembolism risk and menopausal treatments
• Australia, United Kingdom, United States
  • American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • Vasomotor Menopausal Symptoms and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A pooled analysis of six prospective studies [2020]
• Brazil
  • Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia
    • Brazilian Guideline on Menopausal Cardiovascular Health - 2024 [2024]
• Canada
  • Menopause
    • Early and surgical menopause associated with higher Framingham Risk Scores for cardiovascular disease in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging [2021]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Menopause and Cardiovascular Disease [2021]
• Europe
  • European Heart Journal
    • Management of cardiovascular risk in the peri-menopausal woman: a consensus statement of European cardiologists and gynaecologists [2007]
  • European Menopause and Andropause Society
    • Menopause symptom management in women with dyslipidemias: An EMAS clinical guide [2020]
    • EMAS position statement: Managing menopausal women with a personal or family history of VTE [2011]
  • European Society of Cardiology
    • Cardiovascular health after menopause transition, pregnancy disorders, and other gynaecologic conditions: a consensus document from European cardiologists, gynaecologists, and endocrinologists [2021]
  • International Journal of Epidemiology
    • Association of menopausal characteristics and risk of coronary heart disease: a pan-European case–cohort analysis [2019]
• High-income countries
  • BMC Women's Health
    • The benefits and risks of menopause hormone therapy for the cardiovascular system in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • Lancet Public Health
    • Age at natural menopause and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: a pooled analysis of individual patient data [2019]
• International
  • BioMed Research International
    • Meta-analysis: Early Age at Natural Menopause and Risk for All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality [2021]
  • Climacteric
    • Use of MHT in women with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
    • Effect of menopausal symptom treatment options on palpitations: a systematic review [2022]
  • Scientific Reports
    • A systematic review and meta-analysis of effects of menopausal hormone therapy on cardiovascular diseases [2020]
• Netherlands
  • Stroke
    • Age at Menopause and Risk of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke [2021]
• Republic of Korea
  • Asian Nursing Research
    • Incidence and Risk Factors of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease in Korean Menopausal Women: A Retrospective Observational Study using the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study data [2021]
• Spain
  • Maturitas
    • Managing thromboembolic risk with menopausal hormone therapy and hormonal contraception in the COVID-19 pandemic: Recommendations from the Spanish Menopause Society, Sociedad Española de Ginecología y Obstetricia and Sociedad Española de Trombosis y Hemostasia [2020]
• Sweden
  • BMJ
    • Contemporary menopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease: Swedish nationwide register based emulated target trial [2024]
  • PLoS Medicine
    • Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of stroke: A pooled analysis of data from population-based cohort studies [2017]
• Taiwan
  • ESC Heart Failure
    • Menopausal symptoms and risk of heart failure: a retrospective analysis from Taiwan National Health Insurance Database [2021]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Menopausal symptoms and risk of coronary heart disease in middle-aged women: A nationwide population-based cohort study [2018]
• United Kingdom
  • BMJ
    • Use of hormone replacement therapy and risk of venous thromboembolism: nested case-control studies using the QResearch and CPRD databases [2019]
  • British Menopause Society
    • Management of menopause for women with cardiovascular disease [2024]
    • HRT after myocardial infarction [2024]
    • Primary prevention of coronary heart disease in women - British Menopause Society
  • JAMA
    • Association of Premature Natural and Surgical Menopause With Incident Cardiovascular Disease [2019]
• United States
  • American College of Cardiology
    • Rethinking Menopausal Hormone Therapy: For Whom, What, When, and How Long? [2023]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Postmenopausal Estrogen Therapy: Route of Administration and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism [2013]
    • Hormone Therapy and Heart Disease [2013]
  • American Heart Association
    • Menopause Transition and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Implications for Timing of Early Prevention: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association [2020]
    • Guidelines for the Prevention of Stroke in Women [2014]
    • Effectiveness-Based Guidelines for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women—2011 Update [2011]
    • Soy Protein, Isoflavones, and Cardiovascular Health: An American Heart Association Science Advisory for Professionals From the Nutrition Committee [2006]
    • Women’s Ischemic Syndrome Evaluation: Section 4: Lessons From Hormone Replacement Trials [2004]
  • Cancer Journal
    • Menopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy and Reduction of All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease: It Is About Time and Timing [2022]
  • Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
    • Clinical impact of 2020 American Heart Association statement on menopause and cardiovascular disease risk [2022]
  • Cureus
    • Cardiovascular Disease in Women and the Role of Hormone Replacement Therapy [2024]
  • Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
    • Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Cardiovascular Disease: The Role of Formulation, Dose, and Route of Delivery [2021]
  • Journal of the American Heart Association
    • Menopausal Vasomotor Symptoms and Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Disease Events in SWAN [2021]
    • Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Burden During the Menopause Transition and Late Midlife Subclinical Vascular Disease: Does Race/Ethnicity Matter? [2020]
  • Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism
    • Cardiovascular risk in menopausal women and our evolving understanding of menopausal hormone therapy: risks, benefits, and current guidelines for use [2021]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Menopause, hormone replacement therapy

Menopause, hormone replacement therapy, mental disorders

• Australia, New Zealand
  • Australasian Menopause Society
    • Sleep Disturbance and the Menopause
    • Oestrogen and cognition in the perimenopause and menopause
    • Mood and the menopause
• Canada
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Menopause: Mood, Sleep, and Cognition [2021]
• China
  • BMC Psychiatry
    • A meta-analysis on the incidence rate of depression in Chinese menopausal women [2025]
• Denmark
  • BMJ
    • Menopausal hormone therapy and dementia: nationwide, nested case-control study [2023]
  • JAMA
    • Dementia in Women Using Estrogen-Only Therapy [2024]
  • JAMA Network Open
    • Association of Hormone Therapy With Depression During Menopause in a Cohort of Danish Women [2022]
• Europe
  • Alzheimer's Research & Therapy
    • Hormone replacement therapy is associated with improved cognition and larger brain volumes in at-risk APOE4 women: results from the European Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (EPAD) cohort [2023]
• Finland
  • Neurology
    • Postmenopausal hormone therapy and Alzheimer disease [2017]
• High-income countries
  • Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
    • Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of menopause hormone therapy on risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia [2023]
• International
  • Australasian Psychiatry
    • Does menopause elevate the risk for developing depression and anxiety? Results from a systematic review [2023]
  • BMC Psychiatry
    • Prevalence and associated factors of depression in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Global, regional, and national burden of anxiety disorders during the perimenopause (1990-2021) and projections to 2035 [2025]
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • Menopausal hormone therapy does not improve some domains of memory: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
  • International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
    • Effects of physical activity on depressive and anxiety symptoms of women in the menopausal transition and menopause: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [2025]
  • International Menopause Society
    • Brain fog in menopause: a health-care professional's guide for decision-making and counseling on cognition [2022]
  • Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease
    • Hormone Replacement Therapy and Alzheimer's Disease: Current State of Knowledge and Implications for Clinical Use [2024]
  • Maturitas
    • Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of progestins on depression in post-menopausal women: An evaluation of randomized clinical studies that used validated questionnaires [2024]
  • World Journal of Psychiatry
    • Menopause and cognitive impairment: A narrative review of current knowledge [2021]
• Republic of Korea
  • Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
    • Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of dementia: health insurance database in South Korea-based retrospective cohort study [2023]
  • Journal of Korean Medical Science
    • Age at Menopause and Suicidal Ideation in Menopausal Women: A Study of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data [2022]
• Singapore
  • American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • Reproductive and hormonal factors and risk of cognitive impairment among Singapore Chinese women [2020]
• United Kingdom
  • BJPsych Bulletin
    • Severe mental illness and the perimenopause [2023]
  • BMJ
    • Use of menopausal hormone therapy and risk of dementia: nested case-control studies using QResearch and CPRD databases [2021]
• United States
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Interventions to Prevent Age-Related Cognitive Decline, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Clinical Alzheimer’s-Type Dementia [2017]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Experiences of menopausal transition among populations exposed to chronic psychosocial stress in the United States: a scoping review [2024]
  • Menopause
    • Risk of high depressive symptoms after the final menstrual period: the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) [2022]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Menopause, hormone replacement therapy

Menopause, hormone replacement therapy: abnormal bleeding

• Australia, New Zealand
  • Australasian Menopause Society
    • Bleeding – perimenopausal, postmenopausal and breakthrough bleeding on MHT/HRT
• Canada
  • Alberta Health Services
    • Post-Menopausal Bleeding Primary Care Pathway
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Asymptomatic Endometrial Thickening in Postmenopausal Women [2024]
• Europe
  • European Menopause and Andropause Society
    • EMAS clinical guide: assessment of the endometrium in peri and postmenopausal women [2013]
• Hong Kong
  • Hong Kong College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Guideline on investigations of premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding [2020]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Assessment and Management of Postmenopausal Bleeding [2022]
• United Kingdom
  • British Menopause Society
    • Management of unscheduled bleeding on HRT: A joint guideline on behalf of the British Menopause Society, Royal College Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, British Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy, Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Health, Royal College of General Practitioners and Getting it Right First Time [2024]
    • British Menopause Society tools for clinicians: Progestogens and endometrial protection [2022]
• United States
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • The Role of Transvaginal Ultrasonography in Evaluating the Endometrium of Women With Postmenopausal Bleeding [2018]
  • Permanente Journal
    • Investigation of Women with Postmenopausal Uterine Bleeding: Clinical Practice Recommendations [2014]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Menopause, hormone replacement therapy

Menopause, hormone replacement therapy: genitourinary syndrome, sexual disorders

• Australia, New Zealand
  • Australasian Menopause Society
    • Sexual difficulties in the menopause
    • Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause
• Brazil
  • Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
    • Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause [2022]
• Canada
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Menopause and Sexuality [2021]
    • Menopause and Genitourinary Health [2021]
• Canada, United States
  • Menopause Society
    • The 2020 genitourinary syndrome of menopause position statement of The North American Menopause Society [2020]
• Europe
  • Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
    • The role of testosterone in menopausal hormone treatment. What is the evidence? [2020]
  • Climacteric
    • Vulvar and vaginal atrophy in four European countries: evidence from the European REVIVE Survey [2016]
  • European Menopause and Andropause Society
    • Sexual health and wellbeing and the menopause: An EMAS clinical guide [2024]
    • Topical estrogens and non-hormonal preparations for postmenopausal vulvovaginal atrophy: An EMAS clinical guide [2021]
• International
  • Annals of Internal Medicine
    • Hormonal Treatments and Vaginal Moisturizers for Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause : A Systematic Review [2024]
  • Clinical Endocrinology
    • A systematic review of randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy and safety of testosterone therapy for female sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women [2019]
  • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
    • Hormone therapy for sexual function in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women [2023]
  • Frontiers in Medicine
    • Prevalence of Psychosomatic and Genitourinary Syndrome Among Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2022]
  • International Society for the Study of Women’s Sexual Health
    • International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health Clinical Practice Guideline for the Use of Systemic Testosterone for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in Women [2021]
  • Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
    • Global Consensus Position Statement on the Use of Testosterone Therapy for Women [2019]
  • Menopause
    • Hormone therapy for sexual function in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis update [2023]
    • Efficacy, tolerability, and endometrial safety of ospemifene compared with current therapies for the treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy: a systematic literature review and network meta-analysis [2023]
    • Endometrial safety of low-dose vaginal estrogens in menopausal women: a systematic evidence review [2019]
  • Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
    • Efficacy of Hormonal and Nonhormonal Approaches to Vaginal Atrophy and Sexual Dysfunctions in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review [2022]
• Italy
  • Minerva Medica
    • Joint recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of vulvo-vaginal atrophy in women in the peri- and post-menopausal phases from the Società Italiana per la Menopausa (SIM) and the Società Italiana della Terza Età (SIGiTE) [2019]
• Poland
  • Przeglad Menopauzalny = Menopause Review
    • Position statement by Experts of the Polish Menopause and Andropause Society, and the Polish Society of Aesthetic and Reconstructive Gynaecology on the medicinal product Intrarosa® [2019]
• Republic of Korea
  • Journal of Menopausal Medicine
    • Updates on Therapeutic Alternatives for Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: Hormonal and Non-Hormonal Managements [2021]
• Spain
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Women's knowledge about the genitourinary syndrome of menopause: adherence to its treatments in the COVID-19 era in a sample of them: COMEM-GSM study [2021]
  • Sexual Medicine
    • Impact of Vulvovaginal Atrophy of Menopause in Spanish Women: Prevalence and Symptoms According to the EVES Study [2019]
• United Kingdom
  • British Journal of General Practice
    • Should we be prescribing testosterone to perimenopausal and menopausal women? A guide to prescribing testosterone for women in primary care [2020]
  • British Menopause Society
    • Urogenital atrophy
  • British Society for Sexual Medicine
    • Position Statement for Management of Genitourinary Syndrome of the Menopause (GSM) [2024]
    • Guidelines on the management of sexual problems in women: the role of androgens [2010]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Genitourinary (GU) symptoms associated with menopause [2024]
  • Right Decisions
    • Urogenital atrophy management
• United States
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: A Systematic Review [2024]
    • Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause [2023]
  • American Urogynecologic Society
    • Clinical Consensus Statement: Vaginal Energy-Based Devices [2022]
  • Drugs & Aging
    • Practical Treatment Considerations in the Management of Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause [2019]
  • Endocrine Society
    • Androgen therapy in women: a reappraisal: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline [2014]
  • International Journal of Impotence Research
    • The clinical management of testosterone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder: a review [2022]
  • JAAPA
    • A practical guide to managing genitourinary syndrome of menopause in primary care [2023]
  • Journal of Sexual Medicine
    • The Women's EMPOWER Survey: Identifying Women's Perceptions on Vulvar and Vaginal Atrophy and Its Treatment [2017]
  • Mayo Clinic Proceedings
    • Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: Management Strategies for the Clinician [2017]
  • StatPearls
    • Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Menopause: alternative therapy, non-hormone therapy
    • Menopause, hormone replacement therapy
    • Female sexual disorders

Menopause, hormone replacement therapy: hot flashes, vasomotor symptoms

• Brazil
  • Maturitas
    • Prevalence and impact of vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause among women in Brazil: Subgroup analysis from an international cross-sectional survey [2024]
• Canada
  • British Columbia Medical Journal
    • Managing menopause Part 1: Vasomotor symptoms [2022]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Menopause: Vasomotor Symptoms, Prescription Therapeutic Agents, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Nutrition, and Lifestyle [2021]
• East Asia
  • Menopause
    • Prevalence, severity, and associated factors in women in East Asia with moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause [2022]
• Europe
  • International Journal of Women's Health
    • Burden of vasomotor symptoms in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom [2013]
  • Maturitas
    • Prevalence and quality-of-life burden of vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause: A European cross-sectional survey [2023]
• International
  • Oncologist
    • Management of vasomotor symptoms in cancer patients [2025]
• United Kingdom
  • Maturitas
    • Epidemiology and treatment patterns of UK women diagnosed with vasomotor symptoms: Findings from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD database [2022]
  • Right Decisions
    • Hot Flushes Treatment - Pharmacological alternatives to Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
• United States
  • Clinical Journal for Nurse Practitioners in Women's Health
    • Understanding and Prescribing Menopausal Hormone Therapy for Vasomotor Symptoms [2025]
  • Institute for Clinical and Economic Review
    • Menopause: Vasomotor Symptoms
  • International Journal of Women's Health
    • Vasomotor Symptoms During Menopause: A Practical Guide on Current Treatments and Future Perspectives [2023]
  • JAMA Internal Medicine
    • Duration of menopausal vasomotor symptoms over the menopause transition [2015]
  • Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
    • Treatment of Vasomotor Symptoms [2024]
  • Mayo Clinic Proceedings
    • Management of the Vasomotor Symptoms of Menopause: Twofers in Your Clinical Toolbox [2024]
  • National Cancer Institute
    • Hot Flashes and Night Sweats (PDQ®)
  • Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • Management of Menopausal Symptoms [2015]
  • Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America
    • Vasomotor Symptoms Across the Menopause Transition: Differences Among Women [2018]
  • StatPearls
    • Hot Flashes
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Menopause: alternative therapy, non-hormone therapy
    • Menopause, hormone replacement therapy

Menopause: alternative therapy, non-hormone therapy

• Australia
  • Australian Prescriber
    • Fezolinetant for moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause [2024]
• Australia, New Zealand
  • Australasian Menopause Society
    • NonHormonal Treatments for Menopausal Symptoms
    • Complementary medicine options for menopausal symptoms
    • Complementary and Herbal Therapies for Hot Flushes
• Canada
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Anesthetic Injections Into the Stellate Ganglion for the Treatment of Hot Flashes in Women: A Review of Clinical and Cost-Effectiveness and Guidelines [2014]
• Canada, United States
  • Menopause Society
    • The 2023 nonhormone therapy position statement of The North American Menopause Society [2023]
• Europe
  • European Menopause and Andropause Society
    • EMAS position statement: Non-hormonal management of menopausal vasomotor symptoms [2015]
• International
  • Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice
    • Using ginseng for menopausal women's health care: A systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled trials [2022]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Effects of Physical Exercise on Sexual Function and Quality of Sexual Life Related to Menopausal Symptoms in Peri- and Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review [2020]
  • Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine
    • Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Menopause [2019]
  • Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
    • Investigation of the role of herbal medicine, acupressure, and acupuncture in the menopausal symptoms: An evidence-based systematic review study [2020]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Chinese herbal formulae for the treatment of menopausal hot flushes: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]
  • Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
    • Laser therapy for genitourinary syndrome of menopause: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial [2024]
• Iran
  • Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
    • The Efficacy and Safety of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors in the Treatment of Menopausal Hot Flashes: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials [2022]
• Republic of Korea
  • Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice
    • Herbal prescription for managing menopausal disorders: A practice survey in Korean medicine doctors [2020]
• United Kingdom
  • British Menopause Society
    • Non-hormonal-based treatments for menopausal symptoms
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Transvaginal laser therapy for urogenital atrophy [2021]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Laser treatment for genitourinary syndrome of menopause [2022]
    • Alternatives to HRT for the Management of Symptoms of the Menopause [2010]
• United States
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Fractional Laser Treatment of Vulvovaginal Atrophy and U.S. Food and Drug Administration Clearance [2018]
  • Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
    • Nonhormone therapies for vasomotor symptom management [2024]
  • Food and Drug Administration
    • FDA Approves Novel Drug to Treat Moderate to Severe Hot Flashes Caused by Menopause [2023]
  • Menopause
    • A Pooled Analysis of Three Studies of Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Menopausal Hot Flashes [2019]
    • Topical, Geospatial, and Temporal Diffusion of the 2015 North American Menopause Society Position Statement on Non-hormonal Management of Vasomotor Symptoms [2017]
  • National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health
    • Menopausal Symptoms: In Depth
  • U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
    • Nonpharmacologic Treatments for Menopause-Associated Vasomotor Symptoms [2016]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Menopause, hormone replacement therapy: hot flashes, vasomotor symptoms
    • Menopause, hormone replacement therapy: genitourinary syndrome, sexual disorders
    • Menopause, hormone replacement therapy