Adolescence

Guidelines, reviews, epidemiology

Adolescent contraception

• Australia
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • Contraception options during pubertal transition: Risks, benefits and considerations [2024]
• Benin
  • BMJ Open
    • Modern contraceptive use among adolescent girls and young women in Benin: a mixed-methods study [2022]
• Brazil
  • Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
    • Youth, gender and reproductive justice: health inequities in family planning in Brazil’s Unified Health System [2021]
• Canada
  • Canadian Paediatric Society
    • Universal access to no-cost contraception for youth in Canada [2019]
    • Contraceptive care for Canadian youth [2018]
• Democratic Republic of Congo
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Determinants of the use of contraceptive methods by adolescents in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: results of a cross-sectional survey [2022]
  • Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
    • A retrospective analysis of the trends in modern contraceptive use among adolescents and young women (15-24 years) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the last two decades [2023]
• East Africa
  • Reproductive Health
    • Pathways to increased coverage: an analysis of time trends in contraceptive need and use among adolescents and young women in Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda [2017]
• Ethiopia
  • BioMed Research International
    • Adolescents' Contraceptive Uptake in Ethiopia: A Meta-Analysis [2022]
  • Contraception and Reproductive Medicine
    • Unmet need for family planning and associated factors among adolescent girls and young women in Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey [2023]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Contraceptive use among sexually active female adolescents in Ethiopia: trends and determinants from national demographic and health surveys [2021]
• Ghana
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Prevalence and correlates of contraceptive use among female adolescents in Ghana [2015]
  • SSM - Population Health
    • Trends and determinants of contraceptive use among female adolescents in Ghana: Analysis of 2003–2014 Demographic and Health Surveys [2020]
• India
  • Reproductive Health
    • Contraception for married adolescents (15-19 years) in India: insights from the National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4) [2022]
• International
  • Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Improving access to and use of contraception by adolescents: What progress has been made, what lessons have been learnt, and what are the implications for action? [2020]
  • BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health
    • Use of contraceptives, empowerment and agency of adolescent girls and young women: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • Contraception
    • Contraceptive values and preferences of adolescents and young adults: A systematic review [2022]
  • Fertility and Sterility
    • Awareness, knowledge, and misconceptions of adolescents and young people regarding long-acting reversible contraceptives: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
  • Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology
    • Contraception for Adolescents [2020]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Contraceptive use and needs among adolescent women aged 15–19: Regional and global estimates and projections from 1990 to 2030 from a Bayesian hierarchical modelling study [2021]
  • Reproductive Health
    • A never-before opportunity to strengthen investment and action on adolescent contraception, and what we must do to make full use of it [2017]
  • Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters
    • Pharmacies: an important source of contraception for some adolescents, but not a panacea for all [2023]
• Israel
  • Israel Medical Association Journal
    • Improving contraceptive care for minors in Israel: practice, policy, and training gaps among OBGYNs [2024]
• Jordan
  • Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal
    • Landscape analysis of family planning research, programmes and policies targeting young people in Jordan: stakeholder assessment and systematic review [2020]
• Kenya, Uganda
  • Reproductive Health
    • A comparative human rights analysis of laws and policies for adolescent contraception in Uganda and Kenya [2022]
• Low and middle income countries
  • BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health
    • Potentials and pitfalls of including pharmacies as youth-friendly contraception providers in low- and middle-income countries [2020]
  • Contraception
    • Interventions to improve adolescents' contraceptive behaviors in low- and middle-income countries: a review of the evidence base [2014]
  • Frontiers in Global Women's Health
    • Trends in contraceptive method mix among adolescents and youth aged 15-24 in low- and middle-income countries [2023]
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • What are the sources of contraceptives for married and unmarried adolescents: Health services or friends? Analysis of 59 low- and middle-income countries [2023]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Which Structural Interventions for Adolescent Contraceptive Use Have Been Evaluated in Low- and Middle-Income Countries? [2022]
    • Structural Interventions to Enable Adolescent Contraceptive Use in LMICs: A Mid-Range Theory to Support Intervention Development and Evaluation [2022]
  • JAMA Network Open
    • Contraceptive Use in Adolescent Girls and Adult Women in Low- and Middle-Income Countries [2020]
  • Journal of Global Health
    • The impact of underuse of modern methods of contraception among adolescents with unintended pregnancies in 12 low- and middle-income countries [2019]
  • PLOS Global Public Health
    • Can cash transfer interventions increase contraceptive use and reduce adolescent birth and pregnancy in low and middle income countries? A systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Contraception for adolescents in low and middle income countries: needs, barriers, and access [2014]
• Malawi
  • Malawi Medical Journal
    • Quality of facility-based family planning services for adolescents in Malawi: Findings from a national census of health facilities [2016]
• Mali
  • Demographic and Health Surveys
    • Modern Contraceptive Use among Youth in Mali [2020]
• Mexico
  • International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
    • Comparison of family-planning service quality reported by adolescents and young adult women in Mexico [2016]
  • Journal of Religion and Health
    • Factors Associated with Support for Adolescent Access to Contraception Among Mexican Catholic Parents [2021]
  • Maternal and Child Health Journal
    • Adolescents and Long-Acting Reversible Contraception: Lessons from Mexico [2016]
• Nigeria
  • African Health Sciences
    • Discontinuation of contraceptives among adolescent girls aged 15-19 years in Nigeria: a descriptive analysis [2022]
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Improving Contraceptive Service Quality and Accessibility for Adolescents and Youth Through Proprietary Patent Medicine Vendors in Four Nigerian States [2024]
• Norway
  • BMC Public Health
    • Use of contraception during first sexual intercourse among Norwegian adolescents: a national cross-sectional study [2024]
• Republic of Guinea
  • BMC Public Health
    • Trends in contraceptive use, unmet need and associated factors of modern contraceptive use among urban adolescents and young women in Guinea [2020]
• Republic of Korea
  • Obstetrics & Gynecology Science
    • Recent trends in contraceptive use among Korean adolescents: Results from a nationwide survey from year 2013 to 2015 [2016]
• Rwanda
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Utilisation of modern contraceptives by sexually active adolescent girls in Rwanda: a nationwide cross-sectional study [2022]
  • Ministry of Health Rwanda
    • National Family Planning and Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (FP/ASRH) Strategic Plan (2018–2024) [2018]
• South Africa
  • African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine
    • How do South African policies address provision of contraception among adolescents? [2024]
  • Journal of Adolescent Health
    • An Analysis of Adolescent Content in South Africa's Contraception Policy Using a Human Rights Framework [2015]
  • Journal of Community Systems for Health
    • Provision of contraception to adolescents in primary healthcare clinics in South Africa: Perspectives of healthcare practitioners [2025]
• South Asia
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Socioeconomic inequalities in contraceptive use among female adolescents in south Asian countries: a decomposition analysis [2022]
• Spain
  • Reproductive Health
    • Trends in the use of oral contraceptives among adolescents and young women in Spain [2016]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • BMC Public Health
    • The use of condoms and other birth control methods among sexually active school-going adolescents in nine sub-Saharan African countries [2022]
  • Contraception and Reproductive Medicine
    • Access to quality contraceptive counselling among adolescent girls and young women in sub-Saharan Africa [2024]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Mapping Evidence Regarding Decision-Making on Contraceptive Use among Adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review [2023]
  • Journal of Adolescent Health
    • Who Meets the Contraceptive Needs of Young Women in Sub-Saharan Africa? [2017]
  • PLOS Global Public Health
    • Effect and cost-effectiveness of human-centred design-based approaches to increase adolescent uptake of modern contraceptives in Nigeria, Ethiopia and Tanzania: Population-based, quasi-experimental studies [2023]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Prevalence and factors associated with contraceptive use among sexually active adolescent girls in 25 sub-Saharan African countries [2024]
    • Predictors of unmet need for contraception among adolescent girls and young women in selected high fertility countries in sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel mixed effects analysis [2020]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Comparing the reasons for contraceptive discontinuation between parenting adolescents and young women in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel analysis [2023]
    • Long-acting reversible contraceptives use among adolescent girls and young women in high fertility countries in sub-Saharan Africa [2022]
    • Wealth-related inequalities in demand for family planning satisfied among married and unmarried adolescent girls and young women in sub-Saharan Africa [2021]
• Sweden
  • BMC Public Health
    • Reimbursement of hormonal contraceptives and the frequency of induced abortion among teenagers in Sweden [2014]
• Tanzania
  • PLOS Global Public Health
    • Trends and determinants of unmet need for modern contraception among adolescent girls and young women in Tanzania, 2004-2016 [2024]
  • Women's Health
    • Modern contraceptive discontinuation and associated factors among adolescent girls and young women in Tanzania: An analysis of a nationally representative data [2025]
• Togo
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Unmet needs for modern contraceptive methods among sexually active adolescents and young women in Togo: a nationwide cross-sectional study [2023]
• Uganda
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Prevalence and factors associated with modern contraceptives utilization among female adolescents in Uganda [2021]
  • Ministry of Health Uganda
    • The Second National Family Planning Costed Implementation Plan 2020/21- 2024/25 (FP-CIP II) [2021]
  • npj Women's Health
    • Contraception decision-making autonomy among adolescent girls and young women in Uganda [2025]
  • PLoS ONE
    • How have unintended pregnancies and contraceptive use among adolescent girls and young women changed in Uganda? Evidence from the 2014 and 2019 PMA national surveys [2025]
• United Kingdom
  • Faculty of Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare
    • Young People
• United States
  • Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics
    • Long-Acting Reversible Contraception for Adolescents: A Review of Practices to Support Better Communication, Counseling, and Adherence [2023]
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Long-Acting Reversible Contraception: Specific Issues for Adolescents [2020]
    • Contraception for Adolescents [2014]
    • The Importance of Access to Contraception
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Adolescents and Long-Acting Reversible Contraception: Implants and Intrauterine Devices [2018]
    • Counseling Adolescents About Contraception [2017]
  • American Journal of Public Health
    • US "Safety Net" Clinics Provide Access to Effective Contraception for Adolescents and Young Women, 2017-2019 [2022]
  • Contemporary OB/GYN
    • How to help adolescents choose the right contraceptive [2024]
  • Guttmacher Institute
    • Ensuring Adolescents’ Ability to Obtain Confidential Family Planning Services in Title X [2018]
  • Open Access Journal of Contraception
    • Teaching About Contraception: Adolescent Attitudes Surrounding Sexual Education [2023]
  • Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine
    • Improving Knowledge About, Access to, and Utilization of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Among Adolescents and Young Adults [2017]
  • Women's Health
    • Confidentiality and privacy considerations for adolescents receiving contraceptive health services via telemedicine: A narrative review [2024]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Contraception within the context of adolescents’ sexual and reproductive lives [2021]
    • Adolescent contraceptive use: glossary of terms [2016]
    • Contraception in adolescence [2004]
• Zambia
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Rural-urban correlates of modern contraceptives utilization among adolescents in Zambia: a national cross-sectional survey [2022]
    • Patterns, trends, and factors associated with contraceptive use among adolescent girls in Zambia (1996 to 2014): a multilevel analysis [2020]
  • Journal of Public Health in Africa
    • Factors contributing to changes in contraceptive use among adolescent girls in Zambia: a decomposition analysis [2023]
• Zimbabwe
  • BMJ Open
    • Estimating abortion incidence and unintended pregnancy among adolescents in Zimbabwe, 2016: a cross-sectional study [2020]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Family planning
    • Adolescent sexual health
    • Adolescent reproductive health, adolescent gynecology
    • Adolescent pregnancy
    • Adolescent health

Adolescent health

• Africa
  • BMJ Open
    • Decade of research into the acceptability of interventions aimed at improving adolescent and youth health and social outcomes in Africa: a systematic review and evidence map [2021]
  • WHO African Region
    • Regional 2017 Atlas on Adolescent and Youth Health [2017]
    • Adolescent Health
• Americas
  • Pan American Health Organization
    • The Health of Adolescents and Youth in the Americas. Implementation of the Regional Strategy and Plan of Action on Adolescent and Youth Health 2010-2018 [2018]
    • Adolescent Health
• Arab countries
  • United Nations Population Fund
    • By girls, for girls - A UNFPA Framework for Adolescent Girls’ Programming in the Arab states [2023]
    • Assessment of adolescent and youth-friendly health services in the Arab region [2022]
• Armenia
  • Journal of Adolescent Health
    • Challenges and Opportunities to Advance Adolescent Health Measurement in Armenia: Alignment Between Global Priority Indicators and National Policies, and Feasibility of Collecting Sexual, Reproductive, and Mental Health Indicators [2024]
• Australia
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • Risk taking behaviour in adolescents [2018]
• Bangladesh
  • Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Bangladesh
    • National plan of action for adolescent health strategy 2017-2030 [2016]
    • National Strategy for Adolescent Health 2017-2030 [2016]
• Barbados
  • World Health Organization
    • Lessons learned from applying the Accelerated Action for the Health of Adolescents guidance for policy development in early adopter countries: Barbados [2019]
• Belize
  • United Nations Children's Fund - UNICEF
    • Adolescent Health National Strategic Plan 2019-2030 [2022]
• Canada
  • Canadian Paediatric Society
    • Considerations for privacy and confidentiality in adolescent health care service delivery [2023]
    • Adolescent health
• China
  • Journal of Adolescent Health
    • Towards Comprehensive National Surveillance for Adolescent Health in China: Priority Indicators and Current Data Gaps [2020]
    • Barriers to Adolescent Health Care in Maternal and Children's Healthcare Hospitals: Based on a National Survey in China [2020]
    • Adolescent Health and Healthy China 2030: A Review [2020]
• Colombia
  • Reproductive Health
    • Documenting good practices: scaling up the youth friendly health service model in Colombia [2015]
• Ecuador
  • Global Health Action
    • Mechanisms for achieving adolescent-friendly services in Ecuador: a realist evaluation approach [2012]
  • Reproductive Health
    • The health status of adolescents in Ecuador and the country’s response to the need for differentiated healthcare for adolescents [2017]
• Ethiopia
  • Ministry of Health Ethiopia
    • Adolescent and youth health standards, implementation guideline and minimum service delivery package [2022]
    • National adolescents and youth health strategy (2021-2025) [2021]
  • WHO African Region
    • Report of adolescent health services barriers assessment in Ethiopia [2021]
• Europe
  • WHO European Region
    • Child and adolescent health in the WHO European Region: providing services to adolescents fact sheet [2024]
    • Child and adolescent health in Europe: report on progress to 2021 [2024]
    • Pocket book of primary health care for children and adolescents: guidelines for health promotion, disease prevention and management from the newborn period to adolescence (2022) [2022]
    • Adolescents taking the lead [2021]
• Ghana
  • Pan African Medical Journal
    • Understanding adolescent health care services in Ghana: a scoping review [2024]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Prevalence and barriers to the utilization of adolescent and youth-friendly health services in Ghana: systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]
  • WHO African Region
    • Adolescent Health Service Policy and Strategy, 2016-2020 [2017]
• India
  • F1000Research
    • Adolescent Friendly Health Clinics (AFHCS) in India and their compliance with government benchmarks: A scoping review [2023]
  • Indian Academy of Pediatrics
    • Indian Academy of Pediatrics Consensus Guidelines for Adolescent Friendly Health Services [2022]
  • Indian Pediatrics
    • Joint Statement on Comprehensive Education for Adolescents and Young People to Support Their Healthy Development and Wellbeing: Adolescent Health Academy, Indian Academy of Pediatrics, Federation of Obstetric and Gynecological Societies of India, Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine, and Indian Public Health Association [2024]
  • Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia
    • Review of the India Adolescent Health Strategy in the context of disease burden among adolescents [2023]
  • Ministry of Health and Family Welfare India
    • Adolescent Health
  • Reproductive Health
    • Adolescent health programming in India: a rapid review [2020]
    • Measuring adolescent friendly health services in India: A scoping review of evaluations [2016]
• International
  • Journal of Adolescent Health
    • Trends in Adolescent Health: Successes and Challenges From 2010 to the Present [2024]
    • Towards Harmonized Adolescent Health Measurement: Assessing Alignment Between Current Recommendations and the Global Action for Measurement of Adolescent Health-Recommended Indicators [2024]
    • The Global Action for Measurement of Adolescent health (GAMA) Initiative—Rethinking Adolescent Metrics [2019]
    • The Global Early Adolescent Study: An Exploration of the Factors that Shape Adolescence [2017]
    • Improving the Quality of Health Care Services for Adolescents, Globally: A Standards-Driven Approach [2015]
  • Lancet
    • Progress in adolescent health and wellbeing: tracking 12 headline indicators for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016 [2019]
  • United Nations Children's Fund - UNICEF
    • Adolescent health dashboards country profiles
  • United Nations Population Fund
    • Technical guidance for prioritizing adolescent health [2017]
• Latin America and the Caribbean
  • Pan American Health Organization
    • No Time to Lose. Health Challenges for Adolescents in Latin America and the Caribbean [2022]
• Low and middle income countries
  • Reproductive Health
    • Do efforts to standardize, assess and improve the quality of health service provision to adolescents by government-run health services in low and middle income countries, lead to improvements in service-quality and service-utilization by adolescents? [2016]
• Malawi
  • Ministry of Health Malawi
    • Malawi national youth friendly health services strategy 2022 - 2030 [2022]
• Malaysia
  • Ministry of Health Malaysia
    • Adolescent Health Survey 2022 [2022]
    • Adolescent Healthcare
• Moldova
  • BMC Public Health
    • Strategies to sustain and scale up youth friendly health services in the Republic of Moldova [2013]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Assessing youth-friendly-health-services and supporting planning in the Republic of Moldova [2015]
• Myanmar
  • Global Health Action
    • Matching action to need: an analysis of Global Burden of Disease 2017 and population health data to focus adolescent health policy and actions in Myanmar [2021]
• New Zealand
  • Health New Zealand
    • Youth health
  • Starship
    • Adolescent Consultation and the HEeADSSS Assessment
• Nigeria
  • World Health Organization
    • Assessment of barriers to accessing health services for disadvantaged adolescents in Nigeria [2019]
• Palestine
  • BMJ Open
    • Adolescent health research and initiatives in the occupied Palestinian territory: a scoping review [2025]
• Republic of Korea
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Prevalence of Unmet Healthcare Needs in Adolescents and Associated Factors: Data from the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2018) [2021]
• Samoa
  • Ministry of Health Samoa
    • Adolescent and Youth-Friendly Health Services Guidelines [2023]
• South Africa
  • National Department of Health South Africa
    • National Adolescent and Youth Health Policy - 2017 [2017]
• South America
  • Health Research Policy and Systems
    • The role of nurses in implementation of public policy on adolescent health in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru [2024]
• Sudan
  • World Health Organization
    • Lessons learned from applying the Accelerated Action for the Health of Adolescents guidance for policy development in early adopter countries: Sudan [2019]
• Tanzania
  • BMC Public Health
    • Standardizing and scaling up quality adolescent friendly health services in Tanzania [2013]
  • WHO African Region
    • Assessment of barriers to accessing health services for disadvantaged adolescents in Tanzania [2019]
• Uganda
  • Ministry of Health Uganda
    • Adolescent Health Policy Guidelines and Service Standards [2012]
• United Kingdom
  • Office for Health Improvement and Disparities
    • You're Welcome': establishing youth-friendly health and care services
    • Establishing youth-friendly health and care services
  • Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health
    • Adolescent health
• United States
  • American Academy of Family Physicians
    • Adolescent Health Clinical Recommendations & Guidelines
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Use of Chaperones for the Pediatric and Adolescent Encounter: Policy Statement [2025]
    • Confidentiality in the Care of Adolescents: Technical Report [2024]
    • Confidentiality in the Care of Adolescents: Policy Statement [2024]
    • Unique Needs of the Adolescent [2019]
    • Targeted Reforms in Health Care Financing to Improve the Care of Adolescents and Young Adults [2018]
    • Supporting the Health Care Transition From Adolescence to Adulthood in the Medical Home [2018]
    • Age Limit of Pediatrics [2017]
    • Achieving Quality Health Services for Adolescents [2016]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Confidentiality in Adolescent Health Care [2020]
    • Promoting Healthy Relationships in Adolescents [2018]
    • OpenNotes and the Confidentiality of Adolescents’ Electronic Health Records [2018]
    • Mental Health Disorders in Adolescents [2017]
    • Guidelines for Adolescent Health Research [2016]
    • Concerns Regarding Social Media and Health Issues in Adolescents and Young Adults [2016]
  • Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses
    • Confidentiality in Adolescent Health Care [2017]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance — United States, 2023 [2024]
    • Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey — United States, January–June 2021 [2022]
    • Adolescent Health
  • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
    • Social Media and Adolescent Health [2024]
    • Promoting Positive Adolescent Health Behaviors and Outcomes: Thriving in the 21st Century [2019]
  • Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine
    • Guidelines on the Inclusion and Protection of Adolescent Minors and Young Adults in Health Research: A Position Statement of the Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine [2025]
    • The 21st Century Cures Act & Adolescent Confidentiality [2021]
    • Confidentiality Protections for Adolescents and Young Adults in the Health Care Billing and Insurance Claims Process [2016]
    • Recommendations for Electronic Health Record Use for Delivery of Adolescent Health Care [2014]
    • Promoting Equity and Reducing Health Disparities Among Racially/Ethnically Diverse Adolescents: A Position Paper of the Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine [2013]
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Office of Population Affairs
    • Adolescent Health
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Guidance for countries to assess adolescent health and well-being [2025]
    • Working for a brighter, healthier future: how WHO improves health and promotes well-being for the world’s adolescent, 2nd ed [2024]
    • The adolescent health indicators recommended by the Global Action for Measurement of Adolescent Health: guidance for monitoring adolescent health at country, regional, and global levels [2024]
    • Adolescents in a changing world: the case for urgent investment [2024]
    • Improving the health and wellbeing of children and adolescents:guidance on scheduled child and adolescent well-care visits [2023]
    • Global Accelerated Action for the Health of Adolescents (AA-HA!) - Second edition [2023]
    • Helping Adolescents Thrive Toolkit [2021]
    • Youth-centred digital health interventions: a framework for planning, developing and implementing solutions with and for young people [2020]
    • Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Adolescents and youth [2020]
    • Handbook for conducting an adolescent health services barriers assessment (AHSBA) with a focus on disadvantaged adolescents: knowing which adolescents are being left behind on the path to universal health coverage, and why [2019]
    • Advocating for change for adolescents! A Practical Toolkit for Young People to Advocate for Improved Adolescent Health and Well-being [2018]
    • WHO recommendations on adolescent health: guidelines approved by the WHO guidelines review committee [2017]
    • Transformative accountability for adolescents: accountability for the health and human rights of women, children and adolescents in the 2030 agenda [2017]
    • Global accelerated action for the health of adolescents (AA-HA!): guidance to support country implementation [2017]
    • Global Strategy for Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health (2016-2030): adolescents' health: report by the Secretariat [2017]
    • Child and adolescent health and development: progress report 2009: highlights [2010]
    • Adolescent job aid: a handy desk reference tool for primary level health workers [2010]
    • Quality assessment guidebook: a guide to assessing health services for adolescent clients [2009]
    • Global School-based Student Health Survey
    • Global Action for Measurement of Adolescent health (GAMA)
    • Adolescent health
    • Adolescent data
    • Adolescent country profile
    • Adolescent and young adult health: Fact sheet
    • Adolescent and Young Adult Health - WHO guidelines
• WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
  • WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
    • Child and adolescent health in humanitarian settings: operational guide: a holistic approach for programme managers [2021]
    • Operationalization of the adolescent health component of the Global Strategy for Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health, 2016–2030 [2017]
    • Child and adolescent health
• WHO South-East Asia Region
  • WHO South-East Asia Region
    • Regional meeting to achieve universal health coverage for adolescent populations through adolescent responsive health system, 18-20 September 2024, Kathmandu, Nepal [2024]
    • Regional consultation on parent support for early childhood development and adolescent health in South-East Asia [2023]
    • Rapid assessment of the implementation of adolescent health programmes in countries of South-East Asia [2021]
    • Adolescent friendly health services: supervisory/self-assessment checklist and user's guide [2020]
    • Strategic Guidance on Accelerating Actions for Adolescent Health in South-East Asia Region (2018-2022) [2018]
    • Adolescent health
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Puberty
    • HIV/AIDS in children and adolescents
    • Adolescent sexual health
    • Adolescent reproductive health, adolescent gynecology
    • Adolescent pregnancy
    • Adolescent contraception

Adolescent pregnancy

• Afghanistan
  • BMC Public Health
    • The association of child marriage with morbidities and mortality among children under 5 years in Afghanistan: findings from a national survey [2023]
• Africa
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes of adolescent pregnancies in Africa: a scoping review [2022]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Prevalence and determinants of adolescent pregnancy in Africa: a systematic review and Meta-analysis [2018]
• Americas
  • BMC Public Health
    • Associations between child and adolescent marriage and reproductive outcomes in Brazil, Ecuador, the United States and Canada [2022]
• Arab countries
  • United Nations Population Fund
    • The cost of child marriage over the life cycle of girls and women: Evidence from Egypt, Iraq, Jordan and Tunisia [2023]
• Asia-Pacific
  • World Health Organization
    • Child, early and forced marriage legislation in 37 Asia-Pacific countries [2016]
• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Teenage mothers [2016]
  • Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
    • Teenage mothers in Australia 2015 [2018]
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • Teenage pregnancy [2020]
• Bangladesh
  • BMC Public Health
    • Understanding the socio-demographic and programmatic factors associated with adolescent motherhood and its association with child undernutrition in Bangladesh [2024]
  • Demographic and Health Surveys
    • Prevalence and Determinants of Adolescent Fertility: Analysis of 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey [2020]
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Prevalence and determinants of adolescent childbearing: comparative analysis of 2017-18 and 2014 Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey [2023]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Adolescent motherhood in Bangladesh: Trends and determinants [2017]
  • Tropical Medicine & International Health
    • Utilization of maternal health services among adolescent women in Bangladesh: A scoping review of the literature [2015]
  • World Bank
    • Child Marriage and Fertility in Bangladesh [2017]
• Brazil
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Fertility rates among very young adolescent women: temporal and spatial trends in Brazil [2016]
  • Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
    • Recurrence of teenage pregnancy: associated maternal and neonatal factor outcomes [2022]
    • Factors associated with the adequacy of gestational weight gain among Brazilian teenagers [2022]
    • Trend of the nutritional status of pregnant adolescent beneficiaries of the Brazilian Bolsa Família conditional cash transfer program in the 2008-2018 period [2021]
  • Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem
    • Trends in fertility rates, proportion of antenatal consultations and caesarean sections among Brazilian adolescents [2021]
  • Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira
    • Teenage pregnancy in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil [2023]
    • Repeated adolescent pregnancy in Brazil from 2015 to 2019 [2023]
    • Trends in teenage pregnancy in Brazil in the last 20 years (2000-2019) [2021]
    • Temporal trend of adolescent pregnancy in Brasil [2019]
    • Adolescent pregnancy trends in the last decade [2019]
    • Trends of teenage pregnancy in Brazil, 2000-2011 [2016]
  • Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem
    • Prenatal Care for Adolescents and attributes of Primary Health Care [2014]
• Burundi
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Prevalence, trend and determinants of adolescent childbearing in Burundi: a multilevel analysis of the 1987 to 2016-17 Burundi Demographic and Health Surveys data [2022]
• Cameroon
  • PLoS ONE
    • Teenage pregnancy and timing of first marriage in Cameroon-What has changed over the last three decades, and what are the implications? [2022]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Teenage childbearing and school dropout in a sample of 18,791 single mothers in Cameroon [2022]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Validation of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale and prevalence of depression among adolescent mothers in a Cameroonian context [2024]
• Canada
  • Canadian Journal of Public Health
    • Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of marriage among adolescent mothers in Canada, 1989-2018 [2023]
  • Canadian Paediatric Society
    • Meeting the needs of adolescent parents and their children [2016]
  • Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
    • Prevalence of Low Birth Weight, Premature Birth, and Stillbirth Among Pregnant Adolescents in Canada: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2021]
  • Preventive Medicine
    • Marital status, immigration, and reproductive health among adolescent mothers in Canada, 1990-2018: A population-based, observational study [2022]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Adolescent Pregnancy Guidelines [2015]
• China
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Induced abortions among Chinese adolescent girls [2023]
  • Lancet Global Health
    • Chinese trends in adolescent marriage and fertility between 1990 and 2015: a systematic synthesis of national and subnational population data [2020]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Characteristics and adverse outcomes of Chinese adolescent pregnancies between 2012 and 2019 [2021]
• Colombia
  • Cadernos de Saúde Pública
    • Early adolescent childbearing in Colombia: time-trends and consequences [2019]
• Developed countries
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Nutrient intakes and nutritional biomarkers in pregnant adolescents: a systematic review of studies in developed countries [2016]
• East Africa
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Prevalence and associated factors of adolescent pregnancy (15–19 years) in East Africa: a multilevel analysis [2021]
  • BMC Public Health
    • The prevalence of adolescent fatherhood and its associated factors in East African countries [2024]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Mapping adolescent first births within three east African countries using data from Demographic and Health Surveys: exploring geospatial methods to inform policy [2016]
• East Asia, Pacific
  • Reproductive Health
    • Adolescent fertility and family planning in East Asia and the Pacific: A review of DHS reports [2011]
• Eastern and Southern Africa
  • BMJ Global Health
    • Early and unintended pregnancy in Eastern and Southern Africa: analysis of adolescent sexual and reproductive health and rights policies [2024]
• Ecuador
  • International Journal of Public Health
    • Trends in teenage motherhood in Ecuador: challenges and inequalities [2020]
• Ethiopia
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Adolescent childbearing trends and sub-national variations in Ethiopia: a pooled analysis of data from six surveys [2018]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Prevalence and associated factors of teenage childbearing among Ethiopian women using semi-parametric and parametric proportional hazard and accelerated failure time models [2024]
    • Trends and factors contributing to health facility delivery among adolescent women in Ethiopia: multivariate decomposition analysis [2022]
  • International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health
    • Facilitators and barriers in the utilization of World Health Organization's Preventing Early Pregnancy Guidelines in formulating laws, policies and strategies: what do stakeholders in Ethiopia say? [2019]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Determinants of unintended pregnancy and induced abortion among adolescent women in Ethiopia: Evidence from multilevel mixed-effects decomposition analysis of 2000-2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data [2024]
    • A multiscale geographically weighted regression analysis of teenage pregnancy and associated factors among adolescents aged 15 to 19 in Ethiopia using the 2019 mini-demographic and health survey [2024]
    • Trends change in teen pregnancy among adolescent women in Ethiopia based on Ethiopian demographic and health surveys: Multivariate decomposition analysis [2023]
    • Prevalence and correlates associated with early childbearing among teenage girls in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis [2023]
    • Prevalence and associated factors of adolescent fatherhood in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis using the 2016 Ethiopian demographic health survey data [2021]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Trends and factors associated with teenage pregnancy in Ethiopia: multivariate decomposition analysis [2024]
    • Predictors of underage pregnancy among women aged 15-19 in highly prevalent regions of Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis based on EDHS, 2016 [2023]
• Europe
  • European Academy of Paediatrics
    • Teenage parents and their children-position paper of the European academy of paediatrics and the European confederation of primary care paediatricians [2024]
    • Adolescent pregnancy: An important issue for paediatricians and primary care providers-A position paper from the European academy of paediatrics [2023]
• Gambia
  • BMC Public Health
    • The prevalence of teenage pregnancy and early motherhood and its associated factors among late adolescent (15-19) years girls in the Gambia: based on 2019/20 Gambian demographic and health survey data [2022]
• Ghana
  • BioMed Research International
    • Prevalence and Associated Factors of Adolescent (15-19 Years) Childbearing in Ghana [2024]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Socio-cultural factors influencing adolescent pregnancy in Ghana: a scoping review [2022]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Child marriage in Ghana: evidence from a multi-method study [2019]
  • BMJ Open
    • Analysis of national and subnational prevalence of adolescent pregnancy and changes in the associated sexual behaviours and sociodemographic determinants across three decades in Ghana, 1988-2019 [2023]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Socio-economic factors associated with adolescent pregnancy and motherhood: Analysis of the 2017 Ghana maternal health survey [2022]
• High-income countries
  • Reproductive Health
    • Psychosocial interventions targeting mental health in pregnant adolescents and adolescent parents: a systematic review [2020]
• India
  • BMC Public Health
    • Assessing the coverage of full antenatal care among adolescent mothers from scheduled tribe and scheduled caste communities in India [2023]
  • Indian Pediatrics
    • Ethical Challenges and Guidance Related to Adolescent Pregnancy [2024]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Perception, practices, and understanding related to teenage pregnancy among the adolescent girls in India: a scoping review [2023]
    • Motherhood in childhood: addressing reproductive health hazards among adolescent married women in India [2016]
• Indonesia
  • PLoS ONE
    • Prevalence of and factors associated with female child marriage in Indonesia [2024]
  • Rural and Remote Health
    • Factors associated with adolescent birth in Indonesia: a national survey [2022]
• International
  • BMC Women's Health
    • School-based comprehensive sexuality education for prevention of adolescent pregnancy: a scoping review [2024]
  • BMJ Global Health
    • Factors that influence the uptake of postnatal care among adolescent girls: a qualitative evidence synthesis [2023]
    • Using three indicators to understand the parity-specific contribution of adolescent childbearing to all births [2018]
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Interventions for Preventing Unintended, Rapid Repeat Pregnancy Among Adolescents: A Review of the Evidence and Lessons From High-Quality Evaluations [2017]
  • Guttmacher Institute
    • Adolescent Pregnancy and Its Outcomes Across Countries [2015]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Factors Influencing Abortion Decision-Making of Adolescents and Young Women: A Narrative Scoping Review [2024]
  • Journal of Public Health in Africa
    • Systematic review: risk sexual behavior, sexually transmitted infections, and adolescent pregnancy prevention interventions [2023]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Exploring preconception health in adolescents and young adults: Identifying risk factors and interventions to prevent adverse maternal, perinatal, and child health outcomes-A scoping review [2024]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Updated research gaps on ending child marriage and supporting married girls for 2020–2030 [2021]
    • Research priorities on ending child marriage and supporting married girls [2015]
  • Systematic Reviews
    • Interventions to prevent unintended pregnancies among adolescents: a rapid overview of systematic reviews [2023]
  • UN Women
    • Legislating and enforcing the minimum age of marriage: A comparative study of experiences and lessons learned in ending the legalization of child marriage [2023]
  • United Nations Children's Fund - UNICEF
    • Early Childbearing
  • United Nations Population Fund
    • Motherhood in Childhood: The Untold Story [2022]
    • UNFPA-UNICEF Global Programme to End Child Marriage Annual Report 2020 [2021]
    • Research Strategy for Phase II: The UNFPA–UNICEF Global Programme to End Child Marriage [2021]
    • Girlhood, Not Motherhood [2015]
    • Country Profiles
• Israel
  • Israel Medical Association Journal
    • Pregnancy Prevention and Termination of Pregnancy in Adolescence: Facts, Ethics, Law and Politics [2015]
• Kenya
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Trends and determinants of adolescent pregnancy: Results from Kenya demographic health surveys 2003-2014 [2022]
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Implementation of a Multisectoral Approach to Address Adolescent Pregnancy: A Case Study of Subnational Advocacy Informing National Scale-Up in Kenya [2023]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Political prioritization and the competing definitions of adolescent pregnancy in Kenya: An application of the Public Arenas Model [2020]
• Latin America
  • PLoS ONE
    • Gestational weight gain charts for Latin American adolescents [2023]
• Latin America and the Caribbean
  • Lancet Child & Adolescent Health
    • Trends and inequities in adolescent childbearing in Latin American and Caribbean countries across generations and over time: a population-based study [2023]
  • Pan American Health Organization
    • Adolescent Pregnancy in Latin America and the Caribbean. Technical brief, August 2020 [2020]
    • Accelerating progress toward the reduction of adolescent pregnancy in Latin America and the Caribbean [2017]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Trends in adolescent first births in five countries in Latin America and the Caribbean: disaggregated data from demographic and health surveys [2018]
    • Looking back and moving forward: can we accelerate progress on adolescent pregnancy in the Americas? [2017]
  • Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
    • Adolescent pregnancy, public policies, and targeted programs in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review [2021]
• Low and middle income countries
  • BMC Medicine
    • Trend and projection of skilled birth attendants and institutional delivery coverage for adolescents in 54 low- and middle-income countries, 2000–2030 [2022]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • The causes of maternal mortality in adolescents in low and middle income countries: a systematic review of the literature [2016]
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Interventions to Address the Health and Well-Being of Married Adolescents: A Systematic Review [2024]
  • Health Policy and Planning
    • Early adolescent childbearing in low- and middle-income countries: associations with income inequity, human development and gender equality [2016]
  • Journal of Adolescent Health
    • Interventions to Prevent Unintended and Repeat Pregnancy Among Young People in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of the Published and Gray Literature [2016]
    • Interventions to Prevent Child Marriage Among Young People in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of the Published and Gray Literature [2016]
  • Journal of Global Health
    • Equity in antenatal care visits among adolescent mothers: An analysis of 54 country levels trend and projection of coverage from 2000 to 2030 [2022]
  • Maternal & Child Nutrition
    • Adolescent pregnancy is associated with child undernutrition: Systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • Nutrition Reviews
    • Multiple-micronutrient supplementation in pregnant adolescents in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and a meta-analysis of individual participant data [2022]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Adolescent marriage, maternity, and limited access to education in 106 countries: Bayesian analysis of prevalence, trend, and prediction [2025]
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO guideline on preventing early pregnancy and poor reproductive outcomes among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries [2025]
    • Preventing early pregnancy and poor reproductive outcomes among adolescents in developing countries [2011]
• Malaysia
  • Medical Journal of Malaysia
    • A review of teenage pregnancy research in Malaysia [2015]
• Mexico
  • Cadernos de Saúde Pública
    • Public policy on the prevention of subsequent adolescent pregnancy: what type of policy prevails? [2022]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Government Expenditure on Maternal Health and Family Planning Services for Adolescents in Mexico, 2003–2015 [2020]
• Middle East, South Asia
  • BMJ Open
    • Incidence of child marriage among refugees and internally displaced persons in the Middle East and South Asia: evidence from six cross-sectional surveys [2023]
• Mongolia, South-East Asia
  • United Nations Children's Fund - UNICEF
    • Report on the regional forum on adolescent pregnancy, child marriage and early union in South-east Asia and Mongolia [2018]
• Nepal
  • BMJ Global Health
    • Using geospatial modelling to estimate the prevalence of adolescent first births in Nepal [2019]
  • BMJ Open
    • Identifying the causal effect of child marriage on unmet needs for modern contraception and unintended pregnancy in Nepal: a cross-sectional study using propensity score matching [2021]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Trends and factors associated with pregnancies among adolescent women in Nepal: Pooled analysis of Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys (2006, 2011 and 2016) [2018]
• Nigeria
  • BMC Public Health
    • Factors influencing unintended pregnancy and abortion among unmarried young people in Nigeria: a scoping review [2024]
    • Socioeconomic inequalities in teenage pregnancy in Nigeria: evidence from Demographic Health Survey [2022]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • A multilevel analysis of prevalence and factors associated with female child marriage in Nigeria using the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey data [2022]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Regional Trends and Socioeconomic Predictors of Adolescent Pregnancy in Nigeria: A Nationwide Study [2022]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Factors associated with adolescent pregnancy and public health interventions to address in Nigeria: a scoping review [2023]
• Pakistan
  • International Health
    • Prevalence and predictors of teenage pregnancy in Pakistan: a trend analysis from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey datasets from 1990 to 2018 [2022]
• Peru
  • F1000Research
    • Prevalence and factors associated with adolescent pregnancy among sexually active adolescent girls in Peru: Evidence from Demographic and Family Health Survey, 2015-2019 [2023]
• Philippines
  • Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    • Adolescent Pregnancy and the First 1000 Days (the Philippine Situation) [2015]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Exposure to family planning messages and teenage pregnancy: results from the 2017 Philippine National Demographic and Health Survey [2022]
• Poland
  • Ginekologia Polska
    • The Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians' Expert Group Recommendations regarding adolescent pregnancy [2023]
• Republic of Korea
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • The Association Between Adequate Prenatal Care and Severe Maternal Morbidity Among Teenage Pregnancies: A Population-Based Cohort Study [2022]
• Rwanda
  • Heliyon
    • Prevalence of teenage pregnancy and the associated contextual correlates in Rwanda [2020]
• Sao Tome and Principe
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Adolescent pregnancy in Sao Tome and Principe: are there different obstetric and perinatal outcomes? [2022]
    • Adolescent pregnancy in Sao Tome and Principe: a cross-sectional hospital-based study [2022]
• Sierra Leone
  • BMC Public Health
    • Prevalence and factors associated with teenage pregnancy in Sierra Leone: evidence from a nationally representative Demographic and Health Survey of 2019 [2023]
  • Ministry of Health and Sanitation
    • National Strategy for the reduction of Adolescent Pregnancy and Child Marriage 2018-2022 [2018]
• South Africa
  • African Health Sciences
    • Service delivery inaccessibility as a predictor of teenage pregnancy in South Africa [2023]
  • African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine
    • Maternal deaths due to eclampsia in teenagers: Lessons from assessment of maternal deaths in South Africa [2020]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Teenage pregnancy rates and associations with other health risk behaviours: a three-wave cross-sectional study among South African school-going adolescents [2016]
  • South African Medical Journal
    • Teenage births and pregnancies in South Africa, 2017 - 2021 - a reflection of a troubled country: Analysis of public sector data [2022]
• South Asia
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Adolescent Pregnancy in South Asia: A Pooled Analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys [2023]
    • Child Marriage in South Asia: A Systematic Review [2022]
    • Adolescent Pregnancy in South Asia: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies [2022]
• South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa
  • BMJ Global Health
    • Effect of adolescent pregnancy on child mortality in 46 countries [2022]
  • Social Science & Medicine
    • Adolescent perinatal mental health in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review of qualitative and quantitative evidence [2022]
• Southern Africa
  • Health Promotion Perspectives
    • The prevalence of pregnancy among adolescent girls and young women across the Southern African development community economic hub: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Girl child marriage and its association with maternal healthcare services utilization in sub-Saharan Africa [2022]
  • BMC International Health and Human Rights
    • Prevalence of child marriage and its impact on fertility outcomes in 34 sub-Saharan African countries [2019]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Estimated effect of teenage pregnancy on adverse birth outcome in Sub-Saharan African countries: propensity score matching analysis of recent demographic and health survey data [2025]
    • Socio-demographic determinants of pregnancy termination among adolescent girls and young women in selected high fertility countries in sub-Saharan Africa [2021]
    • Maternal health service utilisation of adolescent women in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic scoping review [2019]
  • BMC Research Notes
    • A systematic review of risk factors for neonatal mortality in Adolescent Mothers in Sub Saharan Africa [2014]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Prevalence of teenage pregnancy and its associated factors in high fertility sub-Saharan Africa countries: a multilevel analysis [2023]
    • Prevalence and factors associated with unintended pregnancy among adolescent girls and young women in sub-Saharan Africa, a multilevel analysis [2022]
  • BMJ Open
    • Young adolescent girls are at high risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa: an observational multicountry study [2016]
  • Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences
    • Trends, Determinants and Health Risks of Adolescent Fatherhood in Sub-Saharan Africa [2018]
  • International Journal for Equity in Health
    • Trends in adolescent first births in sub-Saharan Africa: a tale of increasing inequity? [2020]
  • International Journal of Health Policy and Management
    • Prevention of Adolescent Pregnancy in Anglophone Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review of National Policies [2022]
  • Journal of Adolescent Health
    • Preventing, but Not Caring for, Adolescent Pregnancies? Disparities in the Quality of Reproductive Health Care in Sub-Saharan Africa [2022]
  • Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health
    • Prevalence and Determinants of Early Adolescent Childbearing in High Maternal Mortality Sub-Saharan Africa: A Multilevel Analysis of DHS Data [2025]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Prevalence of first adolescent pregnancy and its associated factors in sub-Saharan Africa: A multi-country analysis [2021]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Lived experiences of pregnant and parenting adolescents in Africa: A scoping review [2023]
    • Determinants of adolescent pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review [2018]
  • Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters
    • Key normative, legal, and policy considerations for supporting pregnant and postpartum adolescents in high HIV-burden settings: a critical analysis [2023]
• Taiwan
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Comparison of medical issues in antenatal and perinatal periods in early youth, adolescent, and young adult mothers in Taiwan: a 10-year nationwide study [2014]
  • Italian Journal of Pediatrics
    • The growth and development of children born to adolescent mothers in Taiwan [2016]
• Tanzania
  • Demographic and Health Surveys
    • Factors Associated with Pregnancy among Teenage Girls Age 15–19 in Tanzania: Analysis of the 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey [2024]
  • East African Health Research Journal
    • Trends and factors associated with adolescent pregnancies in Tanzania from 2004-2016: Evidence from Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys [2023]
  • Pan African Medical Journal
    • Trends and factors associated with repeated adolescent pregnancies in Tanzania from 2004-2016: evidence from Tanzania demographic and health surveys [2021]
• Thailand
  • AIMS Public Health
    • Years of healthy life lost due to adverse pregnancy and childbirth outcomes among adolescent mothers in Thailand [2018]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Estimation of the adolescent pregnancy rate in Thailand 2008–2013: an application of capture-recapture method [2020]
• Uganda
  • Ministry of Health Uganda
    • Revised guidelines for the prevention and management of teenage pregnancy in school settings in Uganda [2020]
  • Network for Community Development Uganda
    • Assessing the 2020 revised guidelines for prevention and management of teenage pregnancy in school settings in Uganda [2024]
  • Pan African Medical Journal
    • The determinants of early childbearing by disability status in Uganda: an analysis of demographic and health survey data [2021]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Time trends in and factors associated with repeat adolescent birth in Uganda: Analysis of six demographic and health surveys [2020]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Trends and determinants of adolescent childbirth in Uganda- analysis of rural and urban women using six demographic and health surveys, 1988–2016 [2020]
  • United Nations Children's Fund - UNICEF
    • The national strategy to end child marriage and teenage pregnancy 2022/2023 – 2026/2027 [2022]
  • World Bank
    • Child Marriage, Early Childbearing, Low Educational Attainment for Girls, and Their Impacts in Uganda [2017]
• United Kingdom
  • Journal of Adolescent Health
    • Implementing the United Kingdom Government's 10-Year Teenage Pregnancy Strategy for England (1999–2010): Applicable Lessons for Other Countries [2016]
  • Lancet
    • Changes in conceptions in women younger than 18 years and the circumstances of young mothers in England in 2000–12: an observational study [2016]
  • Public Health England
    • Teenage pregnancy
  • Reproductive Health
    • Implementing the United Kingdom’s ten-year teenage pregnancy strategy for England (1999-2010): How was this done and what did it achieve? [2016]
  • Scottish Government
    • Pregnancy and Parenthood in Young People Strategy [2017]
• United States
  • Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics
    • Perspectives on Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Strategies in the United States: Looking Back, Looking Forward [2020]
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Options Counseling for the Pregnant Adolescent Patient [2022]
    • Care of Adolescent Parents and Their Children [2021]
    • Diagnosis of Pregnancy and Providing Options Counseling for the Adolescent Patient [2017]
    • Addendum - Adolescent Pregnancy: Current Trends and Issues [2014]
  • American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • Adolescent Pregnancy and Gestational Weight Gain: Do the Institute of Medicine Recommendations Apply? [2011]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Trends in Repeat Births and Use of Postpartum Contraception Among Teens — United States, 2004–2015 [2017]
    • Maternity Care Practices and Breastfeeding Among Adolescent Mothers Aged 12–19 Years — United States, 2009–2011 [2016]
    • Teen Pregnancy
    • Teen Births
  • Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care
    • Tailoring Clinical Services to Address the Unique Needs of Adolescents from the Pregnancy Test to Parenthood [2013]
  • JAMA
    • Adverse Maternal and Delivery Outcomes in Children and Very Young (Age <=13 Years) US Adolescents Compared With Older Adolescents and Adults [2022]
  • Journal of Adolescent Health
    • Prevalence and Predictors of Integrated Care Among Teen Mothers and Their Infants [2022]
    • County-level clustering and characteristics of repeat versus first teen births in the United States, 2015-2017 [2019]
    • Understanding the Decline in Adolescent Fertility in the United States, 2007–2012 [2016]
  • LGBT Health
    • Sexual Orientation Disparities in Pregnancy Risk Behaviors and Pregnancy Among Sexually Active Teenage Girls: Updates from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey [2019]
  • Prevention Science
    • Toward an Effective Innovation Framework for Federal Grant-Making: an Exploration into OPA's Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program [2023]
    • Catalyzing Technology-Based Innovation in Teen Pregnancy Prevention: an Implementation Model and Findings from a Human-Centered Design Initiative [2023]
    • Addressing Evaluation Barriers with Early Innovation Development for Adolescent-Focused Sexual and Reproductive Health Interventions [2023]
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    • More comprehensive sex education reduced teen births: Quasi-experimental evidence [2022]
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Office of Population Affairs
    • Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program
    • Strategies for Prevention and Overall Well-Being
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation
    • The Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program (2010-2015): Synthesis of Impact Findings [2016]
• West Africa
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • The Effects of Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of Adolescent Pregnancy in Ghana, Liberia, and Nigeria [2022]
• West and Central Africa
  • Journal of Global Health
    • Socio-economic predictors of undernutrition and anaemia in adolescent mothers in West and Central Africa [2021]
    • Levels and trends of adolescent marriage and maternity in West and Central Africa, 1986-2017 [2021]
    • Does early childbearing affect utilization of antenatal care services and infant birth weight: Evidence from West and Central African Region [2021]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Adolescent pregnancy: Evidence brief [2019]
    • Reducing early and unintended pregnancies among adolescents [2017]
    • Pregnancy and childbirth outcomes among adolescent mothers: a World Health Organization multicountry study [2014]
    • Report of the expert group meeting on mainstreaming adolescent pregnancy in the work of the World Health Organization [2009]
    • Adolescent pregnancy: Unmet needs and undone deeds [2007]
    • Adolescent Pregnancy: Issues in adolescent health and development [2004]
    • Adolescent pregnancy: Fact sheet
    • Adolescent birth rate (per 1000 women)
• WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
  • International Journal for Equity in Health
    • Social determinants of health and adolescent childbearing in WHO Eastern Mediterranean countries [2023]
  • Reproductive Health
    • The prevalence of adolescent pregnancy and its associated consequences in the Eastern Mediterranean region: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
• Zambia
  • BMJ Open
    • Access to mass media and teenage pregnancy among adolescents in Zambia: a national cross-sectional survey [2022]
  • PLOS Global Public Health
    • Socio-economic disparities and predictors of fertility among adolescents aged 15 to 19 in Zambia: Evidence from the Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (2018) [2024]
  • Reproductive Health
    • A multilevel analysis of trends and predictors associated with teenage pregnancy in Zambia (2001-2018) [2023]
    • Association between socioeconomic status and fertility among adolescents aged 15 to 19: an analysis of the 2013/2014 Zambia Demographic Health Survey (ZDHS) [2021]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Family planning
    • Adolescent sexual health
    • Adolescent reproductive health, adolescent gynecology
    • Adolescent health
    • Adolescent contraception

Adolescent reproductive health, adolescent gynecology

• Australia, New Zealand
  • Royal Australasian College of Physicians
    • Genital Examination of Young Girls [2018]
• Bangladesh
  • Global Health Action
    • Changes in the menstrual hygiene management facilities and usage among Bangladeshi school girls and its effect on school absenteeism from 2014 to 2018 [2024]
• Canada
  • Canadian Paediatric Society
    • Diagnosis and management of sexually transmitted infections in adolescents [2019]
• Canada, United States
  • North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
    • NASPAG Position Statement on COVID-19 Vaccines and Gynecologic Concerns in Adolescents and Young Adults [2021]
• Ethiopia
  • PLoS ONE
    • Menstrual hygiene practice among adolescent girls in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
    • Menstrual hygiene practice among female adolescents and its association with knowledge in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]
• Europe
  • BMC Public Health
    • Awareness and knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among school-going adolescents in Europe: a systematic review of published literature [2011]
• Germany
  • Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
    • Prevalence and Trends in the Utilization of Gynecological Services by Adolescent Girls in Germany. Results of the German Health Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) [2017]
• India
  • BMJ Open
    • Menstrual hygiene management among adolescent girls in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2016]
  • Indian Academy of Pediatrics
    • Menstrual Irregularities [2022]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Menstrual Hygiene Preparedness Among Schools in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of System-and Policy-Level Actions [2020]
• International
  • PLoS Medicine
    • A Time for Global Action: Addressing Girls’ Menstrual Hygiene Management Needs in Schools [2016]
  • Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease
    • A review of current guidelines and research on the management of sexually transmitted infections in adolescents and young adults [2020]
  • UNESCO
    • Puberty education & menstrual hygiene management [2014]
• Kenya
  • Ministry of Health Kenya
    • Menstrual Hygiene Management in Schools: A Handbook for Teachers [2020]
• Low and middle income countries
  • Global Health Action
    • Menstrual hygiene management among adolescent schoolgirls in low- and middle-income countries: research priorities [2016]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Menstrual hygiene management interventions and their effects on schoolgirls' menstrual hygiene experiences in low and middle countries: A systematic review [2024]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Mapping the knowledge and understanding of menarche, menstrual hygiene and menstrual health among adolescent girls in low- and middle-income countries [2017]
• Mexico
  • PLoS ONE
    • Quality of reproductive healthcare for adolescents: A nationally representative survey of providers in Mexico [2017]
• Namibia
  • Global Health Research and Policy
    • Transforming adolescent menstrual health through policy: the role of value added tax exemptions in improving access to sanitary products [2024]
• New Zealand
  • Starship
    • Menstruation management for children and young people with cancer
• Philippines
  • Reproductive Health
    • Assessment of country policies affecting reproductive health for adolescents in the Philippines [2018]
• Poland
  • Advances in Dermatology and Allergology
    • Gynaecological infections in paediatric and adolescent gynaecology: a review of recommendations [2021]
  • Ginekologia Polska
    • Recommendations of procedures to follow in the case of ovarian lesions in girls [2022]
    • Recommendations of the Group of Experts of the Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians in the field of gynecological and obstetric care of young women with physical and intellectual disabilities [2020]
• United Kingdom
  • British Association for Sexual Health and HIV
    • BASHH National Guideline on the Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Related Conditions in Children and Young People (2021) [2021]
  • NHS England
    • Complex Gynaecology: Congenital Gynaecological Anomalies (Children of 13 years and above and Adults) [2019]
• United States
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Menstrual Management for Adolescents With Disabilities [2016]
    • Gynecologic Examination for Adolescents in the Pediatric Office Setting [2010]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • The Initial Reproductive Health Visit [2020]
    • Gynecologic Management of Adolescents and Young Women With Seizure Disorders [2020]
    • Gynecologic Considerations for Adolescents and Young Women With Cardiac Conditions [2020]
    • Management of Acute Obstructive Uterovaginal Anomalies [2019]
    • Genetic Syndromes and Gynecologic Implications in Adolescents [2019]
    • Diagnosis and Management of Hymenal Variants [2019]
    • Adnexal Torsion in Adolescents [2019]
    • Breast and Labial Surgery in Adolescents [2017]
    • Adolescent Health
  • Annals of Emergency Medicine
    • Pediatric and Adolescent Obstetric and Gynecologic Encounters in US Emergency Departments: A Cross-Sectional Study [2023]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Reproductive Health
  • JAMA Internal Medicine
    • Prevalence of Potentially Unnecessary Bimanual Pelvic Examinations and Papanicolaou Tests Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women Aged 15-20 Years in the United States [2020]
  • Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine
    • The Male Genital Examination: A Position Paper of the Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine [2012]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Sexually transmitted infections in adolescence [2004]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Puberty
    • HIV/AIDS in children and adolescents
    • Adolescent sexual health
    • Adolescent pregnancy
    • Adolescent health
    • Adolescent contraception

Adolescent sexual health

• Arab countries
  • United Nations Population Fund
    • Youth sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights in the Arab region - An overview [2022]
    • Towards scaling up comprehensive sexuality education in the Arab Region: an operational guide for UNFPA staff and partners working on CSE implementation [2022]
• Argentina
  • International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health
    • Risk-stratified analysis of sex risk behaviors and correlates among school-going adolescents in Argentina: insights from a national survey [2024]
• Asia
  • Indian Journal of Public Health
    • Examining Asian Parents' Perspectives and Challenges in Sexual and Reproductive Health Education with Implications for Public Health: A Systematic Review [2024]
• Australia
  • Queensland Health
    • Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adolescent sexual health guideline [2013]
• Australia, New Zealand
  • Royal Australasian College of Physicians
    • Sexual and Reproductive Health Care for Young People [2015]
• Brazil
  • Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
    • Prevalence and factors associated with risky sexual behavior among Brazilian school adolescents [2024]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Prevalence and correlates of early sexual initiation among Brazilian adolescents [2021]
• Burkina Faso, Kenya
  • Journal of Adolescent Health
    • Trends in Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Outcomes Before and Into the COVID-19 Pandemic in Burkina Faso and Kenya: Evidence From Panel Data [2024]
• Canada
  • Canadian Paediatric Society
    • Comprehensive sexual health assessments for adolescents [2020]
  • Sex Information & Education Council of Canada
    • Canadian Guidelines for Sexual Health Education [2019]
• Canada, Central Asia, Europe
  • WHO European Region
    • A focus on adolescent sexual health in Europe, central Asia and Canada: Health Behaviour in School-aged Children international report from the 2021/2022 survey [2024]
• Denmark
  • Journal of Adolescent Health
    • Sexuality Among Young Danes Treated for Long-Lasting or Severe Physical Disease: Baseline Findings in a Nationwide Cohort Study [2023]
• Developing countries
  • Journal of Adolescent Health
    • Young People's Sexual and Reproductive Health Interventions in Developing Countries: Making the Investments Count [2016]
  • World Health Organization
    • The sexual and reproductive health of younger adolescents in developing countries: research issues in developing countries: background paper for consultation [2011]
    • The sexual and reproductive health of young adolescents in developing countries: reviewing the evidence, identifying research gaps, and moving the agenda: report of a WHO technical consultation, Geneva, 4-5 November 2010 [2011]
    • Sexual relations among young people in developing countries: Evidence from WHO case studies [2001]
• East Africa
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Prevalence and associated factors of early sexual initiation among female youth in East Africa: further analysis of recent demographic and health survey [2022]
• Estonia
  • Reproductive Health
    • The success factors of scaling-up Estonian sexual and reproductive health youth clinic network - from a grassroots initiative to a national programme 1991–2013 [2015]
  • World Health Organization
    • Amor youth clinic network in Estonia [2009]
• Eswatini
  • Ministry of Health Eswatini
    • National guidelines for adolescent sexual and reproductive health [2021]
• Ethiopia
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Quality of adolescent and youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services and associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Ethiopia has a long way to go meeting adolescent and youth sexual reproductive health needs [2022]
    • ASRHR in Ethiopia: reviewing progress over the last 20 years and looking ahead to the next 10 years [2022]
• Europe
  • European Journal of Public Health
    • Gendered trends in early and very early sex and condom use in 20 European countries from 2002 to 2010 [2015]
  • European Parliament
    • Policies for Sexuality Education in the European Union [2013]
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Promoting sexual health in schools: a systematic review of the European evidence [2023]
  • WHO European Region
    • Child and adolescent health in the WHO European Region: sexual and reproductive health fact sheet [2024]
• France
  • BMC Public Health
    • Multidisciplinary peer-led sexual and reproductive health education programme in France, a prospective controlled-study [2022]
• Gambia
  • Pan African Medical Journal
    • Sexual and reproductive health of adolescents and young people in the Gambia: a systematic review [2021]
• India
  • Indian Academy of Pediatrics
    • Adolescent Sexuality [2022]
  • Indian Journal of Medical Ethics
    • Law Commission of India report on the age of consent: Denying justice and autonomy to adolescents [2024]
  • Indian Journal of Psychiatry
    • Adolescent sex education in India: Current perspectives [2015]
  • Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters
    • Promising practices for the design and implementation of sexuality education programmes for youth in India: a scoping review [2023]
• International
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • COVID-19 and access to sexual and reproductive healthcare for young people: An overview of the international literature and policy [2022]
  • Contraception
    • Pharmacy provision of sexual and reproductive health commodities to young people: a systematic literature review and synthesis of the evidence [2016]
  • Global Health Action
    • A systematic review of the use of adolescent mystery clients in assessing the adolescent friendliness of health services in high, middle, and low-income countries [2018]
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • What Does Not Work in Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Review of Evidence on Interventions Commonly Accepted as Best Practices [2015]
  • International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    • FIGO position statement on comprehensive sexuality education [2024]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Are mHealth Interventions Effective in Improving the Uptake of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services among Adolescents? A Scoping Review [2024]
    • Shared Components of Worldwide Successful Sexuality Education Interventions for Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials [2023]
  • International Journal of Public Health
    • Cross-National Trends in Early Sexual Initiation Among 15-Year-Old Adolescents, 2002-2022 [2025]
  • International Planned Parenthood Federation
    • IMAP Statement on youth peer provision models to deliver sexual and reproductive health services to young people [2017]
    • Fulfil! Guidance document for the implementation of young people's sexual rights [2016]
  • Journal of Adolescent Health
    • Regional and Sex Differences in the Prevalence and Correlates of Early Sexual Initiation Among Adolescents Aged 12–15 Years in 50 Countries [2021]
    • Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights: Progress in the 25 Years Since the International Conference on Population and Development and Prospects for the Next 25 years [2019]
    • Addressing Gender Socialization and Masculinity Norms Among Adolescent Boys: Policy and Programmatic Implications [2018]
  • Journal of Medical Internet Research
    • Exposure to Pornography and Adolescent Sexual Behavior: Systematic Review [2023]
  • Journal of Pediatric Nursing
    • Sexual and reproductive health interventions geared toward adolescent males: A scoping review [2023]
  • Patient Education and Counseling
    • Quality and measurement properties of sexual health knowledge tools for adolescents: A rapid review [2024]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Reorienting adolescent sexual and reproductive health research: reflections from an international conference [2016]
    • Invest in adolescents and young people: it pays [2013]
  • Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters
    • Good progress in a number of areas of ASRH, but there is much more that needs to be done [2023]
  • Social Science & Medicine
    • A systematic review of economic evaluations conducted on gender-transformative interventions aimed at preventing unintended pregnancy and promoting sexual health in adolescents [2024]
  • UNESCO
    • The journey towards comprehensive sexuality education: global status report [2021]
    • International technical guidance on sexuality education: an evidence-informed approach [2018]
  • United Nations Population Fund
    • My Body, My Life, My World Operational Guidance: Promoting and Providing SRHR Services for Adolescents: What Works? A Summary of the Evidence [2022]
    • International Technical and Programmatic Guidance on Out-of-School Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) [2020]
    • The Evaluation of Comprehensive Sexuality Education Programmes [2015]
    • Emerging Evidence, Lessons and Practice in Comprehensive Sexuality Education, a global review [2015]
• Iran
  • Health Research Policy and Systems
    • Agenda-setting in policies related to high-risk sexual behaviours, stimulants, and alcohol abuse in Iranian adolescents [2023]
• Italy
  • Archives of Sexual Behavior
    • Sex Education in Italy: An Overview of 15 Years of Projects in Primary and Secondary Schools [2023]
• Kenya
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Sexual reproductive health service provision to young people in Kenya; health service providers’ experiences [2013]
  • Med
    • A critical review of adolescent sexual and reproductive health and rights in Kenya [2022]
  • Ministry of Health Kenya
    • National Adolescent Sexual Reproductive Health Policy Implementation Framework [2017]
    • National Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Policy [2015]
• Latin America
  • Evaluation and Program Planning
    • Lessons learnt from the CERCA Project, a multicomponent intervention to promote adolescent sexual and reproductive health in three Latin America countries: a qualitative post-hoc evaluation [2016]
  • Global Health Action
    • Primary healthcare providers’ views on improving sexual and reproductive healthcare for adolescents in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Nicaragua [2013]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Improving adolescent sexual and reproductive health in Latin America: reflections from an International Congress [2015]
• Liberia
  • BMC Public Health
    • Prevalence and associated factors of condomless sex among adolescents and young adults in Liberia: a multilevel analysis using data from the 2019-2020 Demographic and Health Survey [2025]
• Lithuania
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Changes in public attitudes towards confidential adolescent sexual and reproductive health services in Lithuania after the introduction of new legislation: findings from the cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2005 and 2012 [2015]
  • Contraception
    • Sexual behavior of Lithuanian high school students [2022]
• Low and middle income countries
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Applying technology to promote sexual and reproductive health and prevent gender based violence for adolescents in low and middle-income countries: digital health strategies synthesis from an umbrella review [2022]
  • BMC Public Health
    • A systematic review of sexual and reproductive health interventions for young people in humanitarian and lower-and-middle-income country settings [2020]
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Environmental scan of mobile apps for promoting sexual and reproductive health of adolescents in low- and middle-income countries [2022]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • How Sexuality Education Programs Have Been Evaluated in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries? A Systematic Review [2020]
  • JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
    • Prevalence and Trends of Sexual Behaviors Among Young Adolescents Aged 12 Years to 15 Years in Low and Middle-Income Countries: Population-Based Study [2023]
  • Journal of Adolescent Health
    • Sexually Transmitted Infection Services for Adolescents and Youth in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Perceived and Experienced Barriers to Accessing Care [2016]
    • Detailed Methodology for Systematic Reviews of Interventions to Improve the Sexual and Reproductive Health of Young People in Low- and Middle-Income Countries [2016]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Providing technical assistance: lessons learned from the first three years of the WHO Adolescent and Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Technical Assistance Coordination Mechanism [2024]
    • Factors influencing the integration of comprehensive sexuality education into educational systems in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review [2022]
    • Using mobile phones to improve young people sexual and reproductive health in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review to identify barriers, facilitators, and range of mHealth solutions [2021]
• Low-income countries
  • World Health Organization
    • Promoting adolescent sexual and reproductive health through schools in low income countries : an information brief [2009]
• Mekong Region countries
  • Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters
    • Peer education interventions for HIV prevention and sexual health with young people in Mekong Region countries: a scoping review and conceptual framework [2022]
• Moldova
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Cost analysis and exploratory cost-effectiveness of youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services in the Republic of Moldova [2014]
• Mozambique
  • Reproductive Health
    • Programa Geração Biz, Mozambique: how did this adolescent health initiative grow from a pilot to a national programme, and what did it achieve? [2015]
• Namibia
  • Ministry of Health and Social Services
    • Adolescent sexual and reproductive health [2013]
• Nepal
  • World Health Organization
    • Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Programme to Address Equity, Social Determinants, Gender and Human Rights in Nepal, Report of the Pilot Project [2017]
• Pacific Islands
  • PLoS ONE
    • Barriers and enablers to young people accessing sexual and reproductive health services in Pacific Island Countries and Territories: A scoping review [2023]
• Pakistan
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Building Support for Adolescent Sexuality and Reproductive Health Education and Responding to Resistance in Conservative Contexts: Cases From Pakistan [2018]
• Republic of Korea
  • Children
    • Trends in Early Sexual Initiation and Its Association with Socio-Environmental Factors among Korean Adolescents [2023]
• Rwanda
  • Annals of Epidemiology
    • Measuring sexual behavior among in-school youth in Rwanda: a cross-sectional analysis of self-reported timing of first sex and correlates of early sexual debut [2023]
  • BMC Public Health
    • "Not just the consequences, but also the pleasurable sex": a review of the content of comprehensive sexuality education for early adolescents in Rwanda [2023]
• Senegal
  • Sex Education: Sexuality, Society and Learning
    • Scaling up sexuality education in Senegal: integrating family life education into the national curriculum [2016]
• South Africa
  • BMC International Health and Human Rights
    • Changes to the law on consent in South Africa: implications for school-based adolescent sexual and reproductive health research [2012]
• South Asia
  • Global Health Action
    • Key indicators for appraising adolescent sexual and reproductive health in South Asia: international expert consensus exercise using the Delphi technique [2020]
  • World Health Organization
    • Towards adulthood: Exploring the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents in South Asia [2003]
• South Sudan
  • BMJ Open
    • Policies, programmes and research on adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health in South Sudan: a systematic scoping review [2025]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • BMC Public Health
    • Socioeconomic inequality in early sexual initiation among female youths in sub-Saharan African countries: a decomposition analysis [2023]
    • Trends and country-level variation in age at first sex in sub-Saharan Africa among birth cohorts entering adulthood between 1985 and 2020 [2022]
    • Prevalence and correlates of sexual intercourse among sexually active in-school adolescents: an analysis of five sub-Sahara African countries for the adolescent’s sexual health policy implications [2019]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Prevalence and associated factors of early sexual initiation among youth female in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel analysis of recent demographic and health surveys [2023]
  • BMJ Global Health
    • Adolescent sexual and reproductive health in sub-Saharan Africa: who is left behind? [2020]
  • JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
    • Exploring the Use of Digital Educational Tools for Sexual and Reproductive Health in Sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic Review [2025]
  • Open Access Journal of Contraception
    • Socio-Ecological Analysis of Barriers to Access and Utilization of Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Qualitative Systematic Review [2023]
  • PLoS ONE
    • The effectiveness and characteristics of mHealth interventions to increase adolescent’s use of Sexual and Reproductive Health services in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review [2022]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Impact of social environment on sexual behaviors of adolescent girls in 12 sub-Saharan African countries: a cross-sectional study [2022]
    • Factors influencing access to and utilisation of youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review [2021]
    • Nature of, and responses to key sexual and reproductive health challenges for adolescents in urban slums in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review [2020]
    • A review of interventions addressing structural drivers of adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health vulnerability in sub-Saharan Africa: implications for sexual health programming [2014]
    • A review of studies of parent-child communication about sexuality and HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa [2011]
  • Social Science & Medicine
    • Is the sexual behaviour of young people in sub-Saharan Africa influenced by their peers? A systematic review [2015]
• Tanzania
  • BMC Public Health
    • Prevalence and associated factors of early sexual initiation among female youth in Tanzania: a nationwide survey [2025]
• Uganda
  • Sexuality Research and Social Policy
    • Debating Sex and Sovereignty: Uganda's New National Sexuality Education Policy [2022]
• United Kingdom
  • Journal of School Nursing
    • A Rapid Review and Narrative Synthesis of the Consequences of Non-Inclusive Sex Education in UK Schools on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Questioning Young People [2023]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Harmful sexual behaviour among children and young people [2016]
• United States
  • Advocates for Youth
    • National Sex Education Standards [2020]
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Promoting Healthy Sexuality for Children and Adolescents With Disabilities [2021]
    • Emerging Issues in Male Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Care [2020]
    • Sexual and Reproductive Health Care Services in the Pediatric Setting [2017]
    • Care of the Adolescent After an Acute Sexual Assault [2017]
    • Sexuality Education for Children and Adolescents [2016]
    • The Evaluation of Sexual Behaviors in Children [2013]
    • Office-Based Care for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Youth [2013]
    • Male Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Care [2011]
    • Best Practices for Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Care in Clinical Settings
    • Adolescent Sexual Health AAP Policy Statements
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Comprehensive Sexuality Education [2016]
  • Cancer Medicine
    • Pediatric oncology clinician communication about sexual health with adolescents and young adults: A report from the children’s oncology group [2021]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Role of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sexual Behaviors and Receipt of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services Among U.S. High School Students — Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2019–2021 [2023]
    • Sexual Risk Behavior Differences Among Sexual Minority High School Students — United States, 2015 and 2017 [2018]
    • Sexual Intercourse Among High School Students — 29 States and United States Overall, 2005–2015 [2018]
    • Sexual Identity, Sex of Sexual Contacts, and Health-Related Behaviors Among Students in Grades 9–12 — United States and Selected Sites, 2015 [2016]
    • Health Care Providers and Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • A Systematic Review on Sexual Health and Drug Use Prevention Interventions for Black Girls [2022]
  • Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
    • Sexual Health Behavior Interventions for U.S. Latino Adolescents: A Systematic Review of the Literature [2012]
  • Journal of Pediatrics
    • Clinician Adherence to Recommendations for Screening of Adolescents for Sexual Activity and Sexually Transmitted Infection/HIV [2014]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Comparability of estimates and trends in adolescent sexual and contraceptive behaviors from two national surveys: National Survey of Family Growth and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey [2021]
  • Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine
    • Promoting Sexual Consent Principles in the Sexual and Reproductive Health Care of Adolescents and Young Adults [2023]
    • Recommendations for Promoting the Health and Well-being of Sexual and Gender-diverse Adolescents Through Supportive Families and Affirming Support Networks [2022]
    • Advocating for Adolescent and Young Adult Male Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Position Statement From the Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine [2018]
    • Abstinence-only-until-marriage policies and programs: An updated position paper of the Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine [2017]
    • Sexual and Reproductive Health Care: A Position Paper of the Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine [2014]
    • Recommendations for Promoting the Health and Well-Being of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Adolescents: A Position Paper of the Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine [2013]
    • Abstinence-only education policies and programs: A position paper of the Society for Adolescent Medicine [2006]
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Office of Population Affairs
    • Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • How school systems can improve health and well-being: topic brief: sexual and reproductive health [2024]
    • The project has ended but we can still learn from it! Practical guidance for conducting post-project evaluations of adolescent sexual and reproductive health and rights projects [2019]
    • WHO recommendations on adolescent sexual and reproductive health and rights [2018]
    • Guidance on ethical considerations in planning and reviewing research studies on sexual and reproductive health in adolescents [2018]
    • Generating demand and community support for sexual and reproductive health services for young people. A review of the literature and programmes [2009]
    • Comprehensive sexuality education
• Zambia
  • Health Research Policy and Systems
    • Unlocking policy synergies, challenges and contradictions influencing implementation of the Comprehensive Sexuality Education Framework in Zambia: a policy analysis [2023]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Sexual dysfunction
    • HIV/AIDS in children and adolescents
    • Adolescent reproductive health, adolescent gynecology
    • Adolescent pregnancy
    • Adolescent health
    • Adolescent contraception

HIV/AIDS in children and adolescents

• Africa
  • AIDS
    • Cost-effectiveness of first-line antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected African children less than 3 years of age [2015]
  • Journal of the International AIDS Society
    • What is it going to take to move youth-related HIV programme policies into practice in Africa? [2017]
  • UNAIDS
    • Advocacy toolkit — Africa united against childhood HIV — Free to Shine campaign [2020]
    • Empower young women and adolescent girls: Fast-Track the end of the AIDS epidemic in Africa [2015]
• Asia
  • IeDEA
    • The changing characteristics of a cohort of children and adolescents living with HIV at antiretroviral therapy initiation in Asia [2023]
    • Determining standardized causes of death of infants, children, and adolescents living with HIV in Asia [2020]
• Asia-Pacific
  • UNAIDS
    • Putting young key populations first — HIV and young people from key populations in the Asia and Pacific region 2022 [2022]
• Australia
  • Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine
    • Pediatric Antiretroviral Guidelines
    • Adolescents and Young Adults with HIV
• Bahamas
  • Implementation Science
    • Implementing a school-based HIV prevention program during public health emergencies: lessons learned in The Bahamas [2022]
    • Factors influencing implementation dose and fidelity thereof and related student outcomes of an evidence-based national HIV prevention program [2015]
• Botswana
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • High risk of adverse birth outcomes among adolescents living with HIV in Botswana compared to adult women living with HIV and adolescents without HIV [2022]
• Brazil
  • Cadernos de Saúde Pública
    • Late-stage diagnosis of HIV infection in Brazilian children: evidence from two national cohort studies [2013]
• Burkina Faso
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Using adult care visits to diagnose HIV infection in children, Burkina Faso [2024]
• Cameroon
  • Clinical Medicine Insights: Pediatrics
    • Practices of Care to HIV-Infected Children: Current Situation in Cameroon [2019]
• Canada
  • Canadian Paediatric Society
    • Management of HIV-exposed and HIV-infected children [2010]
• Democratic Republic of Congo
  • PLoS ONE
    • Antiretroviral Treatment Program Retention among HIV-Infected Children in the Democratic Republic of Congo [2014]
• East Africa
  • Archives of Public Health
    • Prevalence and associated factors of HIV testing among young (15-24) women in eastern Africa: a multilevel analysis of demographic health survey data (2008-2018) [2022]
• East Asia
  • BMC Public Health
    • A hybrid of long short-term memory neural network and autoregressive integrated moving average model in forecasting HIV incidence and morality of post-neonatal population in East Asia: global burden of diseases 2000-2019 [2022]
• Eastern and Southern Africa
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Status of HIV Epidemic Control Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women Aged 15–24 Years — Seven African Countries, 2015–2017 [2018]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and its associated factors among children living with HIV in Eastern and Southern Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]
  • World Health Organization
    • The importance of sexual and reproductive health and rights to prevent HIV in adolescent girls and young women in eastern and southern Africa: evidence brief [2017]
• Eswatini
  • BMC Pediatrics
    • Prevalence of HIV testing and associated factors among young adolescents in Eswatini: a secondary data analysis [2022]
  • Ministry of Health Eswatini
    • Multisectoral Guidelines to Facilitate Adolescents’ Access to Services Related to HIV and Sexual Reproductive Health [2020]
• Ethiopia
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Mortality and its predictors among human immunodeficiency virus-infected children younger than 15 years receiving antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
    • Burden of anemia and its association with HAART in HIV infected children in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]
  • BMC Pediatrics
    • Onset and predictors of first-line antiretroviral therapy treatment failure among children in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Incidence density mortality rate among HIV-positive children on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • HIV Serostatus Disclosure and Its Predictors Among Children Living With HIV in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2022]
  • Heliyon
    • Effects of undernutrition on mortality of HIV-infected children after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • IJID Regions
    • Early diagnosis, vertical transmission of HIV and its associated factors among exposed infants after implementation of the Option B+ regime in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
  • PeerJ
    • Pediatrics HIV-positive status disclosure and its predictors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Prevalence and determinants of under-nutrition among children on ART in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
    • Incidence of lost to follow up among HIV-positive children on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Predictors of anemia among HIV-infected children in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]
    • First line antiretroviral treatment failure and its association with drug substitution and sex among children in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
• Europe
  • HIV Medicine
    • Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS Treatment Guideline 2016 update: antiretroviral therapy recommended for all children living with HIV [2016]
    • Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) guidelines for treatment of paediatric HIV-1 infection 2015: optimizing health in preparation for adult life [2015]
• Germany
  • Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care
    • Dolutegravir (HIV infection) - Benefit assessment according to §35a Social Code Book V [2017]
• Guinea-Bissau
  • Public Health
    • Clinical presentations and outcomes of HIV-1 and HIV-2 among infected children in Guinea-Bissau: a nationwide study [2024]
• India
  • BMC Pediatrics
    • Loss to follow-up of HIV-exposed infants for confirmatory HIV test under Early Infant Diagnosis program in India: analysis of national-level data from reference laboratories [2022]
  • Inquiry
    • Determinants of Turn-Around-Time for Early Infant Diagnosis of HIV Testing: Retrospective Analysis of National Level PCR Testing Data [2023]
• India, Sub-Saharan Africa
  • PLoS ONE
    • Interventions to increase early infant diagnosis of HIV infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
• International
  • AIDS and Behavior
    • Advancing Adolescent and Young Adult HIV Prevention and Care and Treatment Through Use of Multi-level Theories and Frameworks: A Scoping Review and Adapted HIV Ecological Framework [2024]
    • Examining the Relationship Between HIV-Related Stigma and the Health and Wellbeing of Children and Adolescents Living with HIV: A Systematic Review [2023]
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Barriers and facilitators to HIV prevention interventions for reducing risky sexual behavior among youth worldwide: a systematic review [2022]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Prevalence trends of anemia impairment in adolescents and young adults with HIV/AIDS [2024]
  • BMC Research Notes
    • Weight-for-age distributions among children with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) multiregional consortium [2020]
  • Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS
    • The global epidemiology of adolescents living with HIV: Time for more granular data to improve adolescent health outcomes [2018]
  • Frontiers in Pediatrics
    • Effectiveness and Safety of Atazanavir Use for the Treatment of Children and Adolescents Living With HIV: A Systematic Review [2022]
  • IeDEA
    • Global HIV prevention, care and treatment services for children: a cross-sectional survey from the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) consortium [2023]
  • International AIDS Society
    • Current perspectives on paediatric HIV management from the Mexico International Aids Society Conference, 2019 [2019]
  • International Journal of Public Health
    • Retention in Care After Transition to Adult Care for Adolescents and Young Adults With HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2025]
  • Journal of Medical Internet Research
    • Use of Behavior Change Techniques in Digital HIV Prevention Programs for Adolescents and Young People: Systematic Review [2025]
  • Journal of Pediatrics
    • Ethical Aspects of Involving Adolescents in HIV Research: A Systematic Review of the Empiric Literature [2023]
  • Journal of the International AIDS Society
    • Effectiveness and safety of tenofovir alafenamide in children and adolescents living with HIV: a systematic review [2023]
    • Effectiveness and safety of dolutegravir and raltegravir for treating children and adolescents living with HIV: a systematic review [2022]
    • Global HIV mortality trends among children on antiretroviral treatment corrected for under-reported deaths: an updated analysis of the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS collaboration [2021]
    • Global temporal changes in the proportion of children with advanced disease at the start of combination antiretroviral therapy in an era of changing criteria for treatment initiation [2018]
    • Adolescent pregnancy at antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation: a critical barrier to retention on ART [2018]
    • Social protection: potential for improving HIV outcomes among adolescents [2015]
    • Reducing mortality in HIV-infected infants and achieving the 90–90–90 target through innovative diagnosis approaches [2015]
    • Optimizing drugs to reach treatment targets for children and adolescents living with HIV [2015]
    • Achieving 90–90–90 in paediatric HIV: adolescence as the touchstone for transition success [2015]
  • Lancet Child & Adolescent Health
    • Safety and efficacy of abacavir for treating infants, children, and adolescents living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
  • Lancet Global Health
    • Estimates of the global population of children who are HIV-exposed and uninfected, 2000–18: a modelling study [2019]
  • Lancet Infectious Diseases
    • Global, regional, and national estimates of pneumonia burden in HIV-infected children in 2010: a meta-analysis and modelling study [2014]
  • PLoS Medicine
    • The epidemiology of adolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV: A cross-region global cohort analysis [2018]
    • Access to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children aged 0–19 years in the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Global Cohort Consortium, 2004–2015: A prospective cohort study [2018]
  • UNAIDS
    • Youth Next Level: guidance to strengthen sustainable youth-led HIV responses [2024]
    • Transforming Vision into Reality: The 2024 Global Alliance Progress Report on Ending AIDS in Children by 2030 [2024]
    • Young people and HIV [2021]
    • Young people’s participation in community-based responses to HIV — From passive beneficiaries to active agents of change [2019]
    • Youth and HIV — Mainstreaming a three-lens approach to youth participation [2018]
    • Improving UNAIDS’ paediatric and adolescent estimates [2018]
    • HIV prevention among adolescent girls and young women [2016]
    • HIV prevention, treatment, care and support for adolescents and youth [2014]
  • United Nations Children's Fund - UNICEF
    • Paediatric care and treatment
    • Adolescent HIV treatment
    • Adolescent HIV prevention
  • Viruses
    • Advances in Pediatric HIV-1 Cure Therapies and Reservoir Assays [2022]
• Ivory Coast
  • PLoS ONE
    • Costs of Care of HIV-Infected Children Initiating Lopinavir/Ritonavir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy before the Age of Two in Cote d’Ivoire [2016]
• Japan
  • Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy
    • Current status of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection in Japan [2014]
• Kenya
  • EClinicalMedicine
    • Factors associated with viral load non-suppression among treatment-experienced pre-teenage children living with HIV in Kenya: a nationwide population-based cohort study, 2015-2021 [2024]
  • Ministry of Health Kenya
    • National Implementation Guidelines for HIV and STI Programming Among Young Key Populations [2018]
    • Guidelines for Conducting Adolescent HIV Sexual and Reproductive Health Research in Kenya [2015]
  • PLoS ONE
    • A national household survey on HIV prevalence and clinical cascade among children aged <=15 years in Kenya (2018) [2022]
• Lesotho
  • PLoS ONE
    • Optimizing antiretroviral therapy for children living with HIV: Experience from an observational cohort in Lesotho [2023]
• Low and middle income countries
  • AIDS and Behavior
    • Systematic Review of mHealth Interventions for Adolescent and Young Adult HIV Prevention and the Adolescent HIV Continuum of Care in Low to Middle Income Countries [2023]
    • Integrated Health Care Delivery for Adolescents Living with and at Risk of HIV Infection: A Review of Models and Actions for Implementation [2023]
  • Archives of Public Health
    • Prevalence, socio-demographics and service use determinants associated with disclosure of HIV/AIDS status to infected children: a systematic review and meta-analysis by 1985-2021 [2022]
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Estimating age-based antiretroviral therapy costs for HIV-infected children in resource-limited settings based on World Health Organization weight-based dosing recommendations [2014]
  • BMC Nutrition
    • Nutritional status and its determinants among adolescents with HIV on anti-retroviral treatment in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
  • BMC Pediatrics
    • An analysis of volumes, prices and pricing trends of the pediatric antiretroviral market in developing countries from 2004 to 2012 [2016]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Mortality Among Children Aged 5 Years Living with HIV Who Are Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment — U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, 28 Supported Countries and Regions, October 2020–September 2022 [2023]
    • Pediatric HIV Case Identification Across 22 PEPFAR-Supported Countries During the COVID-19 Pandemic, October 2019–September 2020 [2022]
  • Frontiers in Reproductive Health
    • Gender differences in HIV knowledge among adolescents and young people in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review [2023]
  • Infectious Diseases of Poverty
    • Costs and cost-effectiveness of HIV early infant diagnosis in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review [2022]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Effectiveness, Acceptability and Feasibility of Technology-Enabled Health Interventions for Adolescents Living with HIV in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review [2023]
  • Journal of the International AIDS Society
    • Models of support for disclosure of HIV status to HIV-infected children and adolescents in resource-limited settings [2018]
    • Attrition of HIV-exposed infants from early infant diagnosis services in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2018]
    • Routine viral load monitoring in HIV-infected infants and children in low- and middle-income countries: challenges and opportunities [2017]
  • PLoS ONE
    • School Based Sex Education and HIV Prevention in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2014]
• Low-income countries
  • BMC Medicine
    • Early infant HIV-1 diagnosis programs in resource limited settings: opportunities for improved outcomes and more cost-effective interventions [2011]
• Malawi
  • BMC Research Notes
    • Discordance between clinical and immunological ART eligibility criteria for children in Malawi [2014]
• Namibia
  • Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
    • “If I Take My Medicine, I Will Be Strong:” Evaluation of a Pediatric HIV Disclosure Intervention in Namibia [2015]
  • Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care
    • Policy and Programming Towards Addressing Treatment Gaps in Adolescents Living with HIV: A Content Analysis of Policy and Programme Documents in Namibia [2024]
  • Ministry of Health and Social Services
    • National Guidelines on Adolescents Living with HIV [2019]
• Nigeria
  • BMC Pediatrics
    • How are children with HIV faring in Nigeria?- a 7 year retrospective study of children enrolled in HIV care [2015]
  • Federal Ministry of Health and Social Welfare
    • National HIV Strategy for Adolescents and Young People 2016 - 2020 [2016]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Pediatric to adult healthcare transitioning for adolescents living with HIV in Nigeria: A national survey [2018]
• Rwanda
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS and associated factors among adolescent girls in Rwanda: a nationwide cross-sectional study [2023]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Prevalence and factors associated with self-reported HIV testing among adolescent girls and young women in Rwanda: evidence from 2019/20 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey [2022]
• South Africa
  • AIDS Research and Therapy
    • 95-95-95 HIV indicators among children younger than 15 years in South Africa: results from the 2017 national HIV prevalence, incidence, behaviour, and communication survey [2025]
    • Trends and correlates of HIV prevalence among adolescents in South Africa: evidence from the 2008, 2012 and 2017 South African National HIV Prevalence, Incidence and Behaviour surveys [2021]
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Infrastructural and human-resource factors associated with return of infant HIV test results to caregivers: secondary analysis of a nationally representative situational assessment, South Africa, 2010 [2019]
  • BMJ Open
    • Interventions addressing the adolescent HIV continuum of care in South Africa: a systematic review and modified Delphi analysis [2022]
  • IeDEA
    • Abacavir safety and effectiveness in young infants with HIV in South African observational cohorts [2023]
  • Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
    • HIV and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Incidence Among Adolescent Mothers in South Africa: A Longitudinal Analysis of HIV Prevention Trials Network 068 Data [2022]
  • Lancet Global Health
    • Cotrimoxazole guidelines for infants who are HIV-exposed but uninfected: a call for a public health and ethics approach to the evidence [2022]
  • Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
    • Virologic Failure among Children Taking Lopinavir/Ritonavir-Containing First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa [2015]
• Southern Africa
  • Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
    • Outcomes of infants starting antiretroviral therapy in Southern Africa, 2004-2012 [2015]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Temporal Trends in the Characteristics of Children at Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in Southern Africa: The IeDEA-SA Collaboration [2013]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • AIDS and Behavior
    • Intersectional Stigma and Implementation of HIV Prevention and Treatment Services for Adolescents Living with and at Risk for HIV: Opportunities for Improvement in the HIV Continuum in Sub-Saharan Africa [2023]
    • Implementation Science for the Prevention and Treatment of HIV among Adolescents and Young Adults in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review [2023]
    • HIV Focused Sexual Risk-Reduction Interventions Targeting Adolescent Boys and Young Men in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review [2023]
    • Adolescent Girls and Young Women's Experiences of Living with HIV in the Context of Patriarchal Culture in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review [2023]
  • AIDS Research and Treatment
    • A Systematic Review of Digital Interventions to Improve ART Adherence among Youth Living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa [2022]
    • Healthcare Workers' Perspectives on the Barriers to Providing HIV Services to Children in Sub-Saharan Africa [2019]
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    • Severe malnutrition and metabolic complications of HIV-infected children in the antiretroviral era: clinical care and management in resource-limited settings [2011]
  • BioMed Research International
    • Health Risk Behaviour among Adolescents Living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2018]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Experiences and perceptions on antiretroviral therapy adherence and non-adherence: a scoping review of young people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa [2025]
    • Systematic review of cash plus or bundled interventions targeting adolescents in Africa to reduce HIV risk [2024]
  • BMJ Open
    • Adolescents and age of consent to HIV testing: an updated review of national policies in sub-Saharan Africa [2021]
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • A risk- and needs-based strategy HIV prevention for adolescent girls and young women, WHO African Region [2024]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Survival and HIV-Free Survival Among Children Aged <=3 Years — Eight Sub-Saharan African Countries, 2015–2017 [2020]
    • Trends in Antiretroviral Therapy Eligibility and Coverage Among Children Aged 15 Years with HIV Infection — 20 PEPFAR-Supported Sub-Saharan African Countries, 2012–2016 [2018]
    • Early Diagnosis of HIV Infection in Infants — One Caribbean and Six Sub-Saharan African Countries, 2011–2015 [2016]
  • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
    • Point-of-care tests detecting HIV nucleic acids for diagnosis of HIV-1 or HIV-2 infection in infants and children aged 18 months or less [2021]
  • EClinicalMedicine
    • Mental health and psychosocial interventions integrating sexual and reproductive rights and health, and HIV care and prevention for adolescents and young people (10-24 years) in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic scoping review [2023]
  • Family Medicine and Community Health
    • Implementation of differentiated service delivery for paediatric HIV care and treatment: opportunities, challenges and experience from seven sub-Saharan African countries [2020]
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Perspectives and Practice of HIV Disclosure to Children and Adolescents by Health-Care Providers and Caregivers in sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review [2016]
  • Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
    • Informing the measurement of wellbeing among young people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa for policy evaluations: a mixed-methods systematic review [2020]
  • IeDEA
    • Variations in the characteristics and outcomes of children living with HIV following universal ART in sub-Saharan Africa (2006-17): a retrospective cohort study [2021]
  • Italian Journal of Pediatrics
    • Treatment failure among Sub-Sahara African children living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics
    • Ethical Considerations for Engaging Children and Adolescents Living with HIV in Research in African Countries: A Systematic Review [2023]
  • Journal of the International AIDS Society
    • Examining barriers to antiretroviral therapy initiation in infants living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa despite the availability of point-of-care diagnostic testing: a narrative systematic review [2024]
    • Prevalence of undiagnosed HIV among children in South Africa, Côte d'Ivoire and Zimbabwe: a model-based analysis to inform paediatric HIV screening programmes [2022]
    • Health-related needs reported by adolescents living with HIV and receiving antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic literature review [2022]
    • Transition from paediatric to adult care of adolescents living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: challenges, youth-friendly models, and outcomes [2017]
    • Scaling a waterfall: a meta-ethnography of adolescent progression through the stages of HIV care in sub-Saharan Africa [2017]
    • Uptake and yield of HIV testing and counselling among children and adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review [2015]
    • Contemporary issues on the epidemiology and antiretroviral adherence of HIV-infected adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa: a narrative review [2015]
  • Lancet HIV
    • Estimates of the prevalence of undiagnosed HIV among children living with HIV in Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe from 2015 to 2017: an analysis of data from the cross-sectional Population-based HIV Impact Assessment surveys [2022]
  • Lancet Infectious Diseases
    • Perinatally acquired HIV infection in adolescents from sub-Saharan Africa: a review of emerging challenges [2014]
  • PLoS ONE
    • The association between HIV diagnosis disclosure and adherence to anti-retroviral therapy among adolescents living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
    • Barriers and facilitators to anti-retroviral therapy adherence among adolescents aged 10 to 19 years living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: A mixed-methods systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
    • Sex in the shadow of HIV: A systematic review of prevalence, risk factors, and interventions to reduce sexual risk-taking among HIV-positive adolescents and youth in sub-Saharan Africa [2017]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Known HIV status among adolescent women attending antenatal care services in Eswatini, Ethiopia and Mozambique [2021]
    • HIV trends and disparities by gender and urban–rural residence among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa [2021]
  • Tropical Medicine & International Health
    • Clinical outcomes of HIV-exposed, HIV-uninfected children in sub-Saharan Africa [2016]
  • UN Women
    • Investing in adolescent girls’ and young women’s leadership and voice in the HIV response: Case studies and experiences [2023]
  • UNAIDS
    • Compendium of Promising Practices on the Role of African Faith Community Interventions to End Paediatric and Adolescent HIV [2023]
• Tanzania
  • Journal of the International AIDS Society
    • Implementation of antiretroviral therapy guidelines for under-five children in Tanzania: translating recommendations into practice [2015]
  • Tropical Medicine & International Health
    • Epidemiological profile of malnutrition status and spatial distribution of children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in Tanzania [2023]
• Thailand
  • PLoS ONE
    • Cost-Effectiveness of Early Infant HIV Diagnosis of HIV-Exposed Infants and Immediate Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Children under 24 Months in Thailand [2014]
• Togo
  • AIDS Care
    • Closing the delivery gaps in pediatric HIV care in Togo, West Africa: using the care delivery value chain framework to direct quality improvement [2016]
• Uganda
  • African Health Sciences
    • Sexual, reproductive health needs and rights of young people with perinatally Acquired HIV in Uganda [2011]
  • BMC Pediatrics
    • Viral load suppression and retention in care among children and adolescents receiving multi-month anti-retroviral therapy refills: a program data review in Uganda [2024]
  • Medicine
    • Translation of HIV/AIDS knowledge into behavior change among secondary school adolescents in Uganda: A review [2023]
  • Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
    • Pharmacokinetics of Zidovudine Dosed Twice Daily According to World Health Organization Weight Bands in Ugandan HIV-infected Children [2014]
  • Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies
    • Closing the gap in HIV prevention and care for children: early insights from a model that links communities and health care facilities in Uganda [2016]
• United Kingdom
  • Children’s HIV Association
    • Guidelines
  • Frontiers in Immunology
    • Strategies for Monitoring Outcomes in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children in the United Kingdom [2016]
• United States
  • Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions
    • JRP-Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions Data Harmonization: Rationale and Development of Guidelines [2018]
  • AIDS Patient Care and STDs
    • The Adolescent and Young Adult HIV Cascade of Care in the United States: Exaggerated Health Disparities [2014]
    • Conformity of Pediatric/Adolescent HIV Clinics to the Patient-Centered Medical Home Care Model [2013]
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Adolescents and Young Adults: The Pediatrician’s Role in HIV Testing and Pre- and Postexposure HIV Prophylaxis [2021]
    • Evaluation and Management of the Infant Exposed to HIV in the United States [2020]
    • Contraception for HIV-Infected Adolescents [2016]
    • Psychosocial Support for Youth Living With HIV [2014]
    • Increasing Antiretroviral Drug Access for Children With HIV Infection [2007]
  • BMC Emergency Medicine
    • A systematic review of HIV screening programs conducted in pediatric emergency departments in the United States [2022]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Retention in Medical Care Among Insured Children with Diagnosed HIV Infection — United States, 2010–2014 [2017]
  • Clinicalinfo
    • Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Pediatric HIV Infection
  • JMIR Formative Research
    • Developing a Consensus for Adolescent and Young Adult mHealth HIV Prevention Interventions in the United States: A Delphi Method Study [2022]
  • JMIR Research Protocols
    • Research Priorities to End the Adolescent HIV Epidemic in the United States: Viewpoint [2021]
  • Pediatrics in Review
    • Preventing and Managing HIV Infection in Infants, Children, and Adolescents in the United States [2014]
  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases
    • Effects of Condom Use on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission Among Adolescent Sexual Minority Males in the United States: A Mixed Epidemiology and Epidemic Modeling Study [2021]
  • Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine
    • Improving Outcomes for Adolescents and Young Adults Living With HIV [2023]
• West Africa
  • IeDEA
    • Disparities in dolutegravir utilisation in children, adolescents and young adults (0-24 years) living with HIV. An analysis of the IeDEA Pediatric West African cohort [2025]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Implementing WHO evidence-based interventions for adolescents and young adults living with and affected by HIV [2024]
    • Integrating psychosocial interventions and support into HIV services for adolescents and young adults: technical brief [2023]
    • Transitioning to the 2021 optimal formulary for antiretroviral drugs for children: implementation considerations [2021]
    • The 2021 optimal formulary and limited-use list for antiretroviral drugs for children [2021]
    • Point-of-care tests for diagnosing HIV infection among children younger than 18 months [2020]
    • Package of care for children and adolescents with advanced HIV disease: stop AIDS [2020]
    • Nurturing care for children affected by HIV [2020]
    • HIV strategic information: accelerating progress on HIV testing and treatment for children and adolescents through improved strategic information [2020]
    • Considerations for introducing new antiretroviral drug formulations for children [2020]
    • Toolkit: HIV molecular diagnostics toolkit to improve access to viral load testing and infant diagnosis: HIV treatment and care [2019]
    • Paediatric HIV testing strategy decision tool [2019]
    • HIV molecular diagnostics toolkit to improve access to viral load testing and infant diagnosis [2019]
    • Adolescent-friendly health services for adolescents living with HIV: from theory to practice [2019]
    • Toolkit for research and development of paediatric antiretroviral drugs and formulations [2018]
    • Policy brief: transitioning to an optimal paediatric ARV formulary: implementation considerations [2018]
    • Policy brief: the 2018 optimal formulary and limited-use list for paediatric ARVs [2018]
    • Paediatric ARV drug optimization 3 review: summary report [2018]
    • HIV diagnosis and ARV use in HIV-exposed infants: a programmatic update [2018]
    • AIDS free framework to accelerate paediatric and adolescent HIV treatment [2018]
    • 2018 optimal formulary and limited-use list for paediatric ARVs [2018]
    • HIV diagnostics: novel point-of-care tools for early infant diagnosis of HIV: information note [2017]
    • The voices, values and preference of adolescents on HIV testing and counselling : consultation for the development of the World Health Organization HIV testing and counselling guidelines for adolescents [2013]
    • HIV and adolescents: guidance for HIV testing and counselling and care for adolescents living with HIV: recommendations for a public health approach and considerations for policy-makers and managers [2013]
    • Children with HIV/AIDS - Pocket Book of Hospital Care for Children [2013]
    • Use of tenofovir in HIV-infected children and adolescents: A public health perspective [2012]
    • Strengthening the adolescent component of HIV/AIDS and reproductive health programmes [2011]
    • Pediatric advocacy toolkit: for improved pediatric HIV diagnosis, care and treatment in high HIV prevalence countries and regions [2011]
    • Manual on paediatric HIV care and treatment for district hospitals [2011]
    • HIV testing in young children : technical briefing paper [2011]
    • Guideline on HIV disclosure counselling for children up to 12 years of age - Appendices [2011]
    • Guideline on HIV disclosure counselling for children up to 12 years of age [2011]
    • WHO recommendations on the management of diarrhoea and pneumonia in HIV-infected infants and children [2010]
    • Policy requirements for HIV testing and counselling of infants and young children in health facilities [2010]
    • Participant manual : IMAI one-day orientation on adolescents living with HIV [2010]
    • Facilitator guide: IMAI one-day orientation on adolescents living with HIV [2010]
    • Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection in Infants and Children: Towards Universal Access. Recommendations for a Public Health Approach - 2010 Revision [2010]
    • A qualitative review of psychosocial support interventions for young people living with HIV [2009]
    • Integrated management of childhood illness for high HIV settings [2008]
    • Integrated management of children's illness complementary course on HIV/AIDS [2006]
• Zambia
  • AIDS Research and Therapy
    • Impact of WHO guidelines on trends in HIV testing and ART initiation among children living with HIV in Zambia [2020]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Progress in the performance of HIV early infant diagnosis services in Zambia using routinely collected data from 2006 to 2016 [2018]
  • SAHARA-J
    • Changes in sexual behaviour and practice and HIV prevalence indicators among young people aged 15–24 years in Zambia: An in-depth analysis of the 2001–2002 and 2007 Zambia Demographic and Health Surveys [2013]
  • Social Science & Medicine
    • Social normative origins of the taboo gap and implications for adolescent risk for HIV infection in Zambia [2022]
• Zimbabwe
  • BMC Public Health
    • Gender dimensions of the impact of HIV/AIDS on stunting in children under five years in Zimbabwe [2021]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Trends in HIV Testing and Associated Factors among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Zimbabwe: Cross-Sectional Analysis of Demographic and Health Survey Data from 2005 to 2015 [2022]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • HIV/AIDS in pregnancy and newborn
    • HIV/AIDS
    • Adolescent sexual health
    • Adolescent reproductive health, adolescent gynecology
    • Adolescent health

Puberty

• Arab countries
  • International Journal of Clinical Practice
    • Availability and Access to Medications for Puberty Induction and Maintenance in Adolescents with Hypogonadism in the Arab Region [2022]
  • Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
    • Timing and regimen of puberty induction in children with hypogonadism: a survey on the practice in Arab countries [2020]
• Argentina
  • Archivos argentinos de pediatría
    • Precocious puberty in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey among Argentine pediatric endocrinologists [2023]
• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Growth disorders in adolescents [2017]
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • The assessment of premature thelarche [2025]
• Bangladesh
  • PLoS ONE
    • Characterization of pubertal development of girls in rural Bangladesh [2021]
• Belgium
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • Policy for transitioning childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency from pediatric to adult endocrine care in Belgium [2024]
• Brazil
  • Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism
    • Central precocious puberty: revisiting the diagnosis and therapeutic management [2016]
  • Revista de Saúde Pública
    • Adapted version of the Pubertal Development Scale for use in Brazil [2019]
• Cameroon
  • BMC Public Health
    • Knowledge of peri-menarcheal changes and a comparative analysis of the age at menarche among young adolescent school girls in urban and rural Cameroon [2020]
• Canada, United States
  • Endocrine Practice
    • Practice Variation in the Management of Girls and Boys with Delayed Puberty [2020]
• China
  • BMJ Open
    • Secular trends for age at spermarche among Chinese boys from 11 ethnic minorities, 1995–2010: a multiple cross-sectional study [2016]
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • Secular trends in age at pubertal onset assessed by breast development among Chinese girls: A systematic review [2022]
  • Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
    • Long-Term Outcomes of Treatments for Central Precocious Puberty or Early and Fast Puberty in Chinese Girls [2020]
  • Journal of Global Health
    • Association of age at menarche and menopause, reproductive lifespan, and stroke among Chinese women: results from a national cohort study [2025]
    • Association between BMI and age at menarche or spermarche among both sexes: Findings from six successive national surveys in China [2024]
• Denmark
  • Acta Paediatrica
    • The 2014 Danish references from birth to 20 years for height, weight and body mass index [2014]
  • JAMA Network Open
    • Trends in the Incidence of Central Precocious Puberty and Normal Variant Puberty Among Children in Denmark, 1998 to 2017 [2020]
• Europe
  • European Journal of Endocrinology
    • Pubertal induction and transition to adult sex hormone replacement in patients with congenital pituitary or gonadal reproductive hormone deficiency: an Endo-ERN clinical practice guideline [2022]
    • Real-life GH dosing patterns in children with GHD, TS or born SGA: a report from the NordiNet® International Outcome Study [2017]
• France
  • Archives de Pédiatrie
    • Diagnosis and management of congenital hypopituitarism in children [2024]
• Germany
  • BMJ Paediatrics Open
    • National survey of referrals for precocious puberty in Germany [2023]
  • Deutsches Ärzteblatt International
    • Growth and puberty in German children: is there still a positive secular trend? [2009]
• India
  • Indian Academy of Pediatrics
    • Puberty (Delay/Precocious) [2022]
  • Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
    • Challenges and controversies in diagnosis and management of gonadotropin dependent precocious puberty: An Indian perspective [2015]
• Indonesia
  • BMC Public Health
    • Trend in age at menarche and its association with body weight, body mass index and non-communicable disease prevalence in Indonesia: evidence from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) [2022]
  • International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health
    • Declining age at menarche in Indonesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2018]
• International
  • BMC Endocrine Disorders
    • Comparison of central precocious puberty frequency before and during COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • European Journal of Endocrinology
    • Gonadotropins for pubertal induction in males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology
    • Availability, Usage, and Preferences of Estradiol and Progestogen Preparations for Puberty Induction from a Multicentral Perspective [2024]
  • Hormone Research in Paediatrics
    • Use of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogs in Children: Update by an International Consortium [2019]
    • Diagnosis, Genetics, and Therapy of Short Stature in Children: A Growth Hormone Research Society International Perspective [2019]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Association between Obesity and Puberty Timing: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2017]
  • JAMA Pediatrics
    • Worldwide Secular Trends in Age at Pubertal Onset Assessed by Breast Development Among Girls [2020]
  • Nutrients
    • Diet and Nutrients Intakes during Infancy and Childhood in Relation to Early Puberty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2022]
  • Pediatric Radiology
    • Abdominal imaging in precocious puberty in girls: can imaging determine onset of puberty? [2024]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Accuracy of doppler assessment of the uterine arteries for the diagnosis of pubertal onset in girls: a scoping review [2023]
• Iran
  • Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research
    • Menarche age in Iran: A meta-analysis [2014]
  • Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
    • Timing of puberty in Iranian girls according to their living area: a national study [2011]
• Italy
  • Frontiers in Pediatrics
    • Precocious Puberty and Covid-19 Into Perspective: Potential Increased Frequency, Possible Causes, and a Potential Emergency to Be Addressed [2021]
  • Heliyon
    • The levelling-off of the secular trend of age at menarche among Italian girls [2020]
• Japan
  • Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology
    • Onset of puberty and near adult height in short children born small for gestational age and treated with GH: Interim analysis of up to 10 years of treatment in Japan [2015]
• Kuwait
  • BMC Public Health
    • Age at menarche and its relationship to body mass index among adolescent girls in Kuwait [2013]
• Low and middle income countries
  • Advances in Nutrition
    • Timing of Pubertal Milestones in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2020]
• Netherlands
  • Hormone Research in Paediatrics
    • Towards a Rational and Efficient Diagnostic Approach in Children Referred for Tall Stature and/or Accelerated Growth to the General Paediatrician [2019]
• New Zealand
  • Starship
    • Central precocious puberty - treatment protocol
• Nigeria
  • BMC Public Health
    • Assessment of the differences in Mean Age at Menarche (MAM) among adolescent girls in rural and urban Nigeria: a systematic review [2024]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Gender differentials in the timing and prognostic factors of pubarche in Nigeria [2022]
• Norway
  • Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
    • Reference Curves for Pediatric Endocrinology: Leveraging Biomarker Z-Scores for Clinical Classifications [2022]
• Poland
  • Scientific Reports
    • Effect of air pollution on age at menarche in Polish females, born 1993-1998 [2022]
• Portugal
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Spatio-temporal trends of the age-at-menarche percentiles among Portuguese women since 1920 [2023]
• Republic of Korea
  • Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism
    • 2022 Clinical practice guidelines for central precocious puberty of Korean children and adolescents [2023]
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • Temporal trend of age at menarche in Korean females born between 1927 and 2004: a population-based study [2024]
    • Rapid weight gain in early life is associated with central precocious puberty in girls, not in boys - a nationwide population-based study in Korea [2023]
  • Frontiers in Pediatrics
    • An increasing tendency of precocious puberty among Korean children from the perspective of COVID-19 pandemic effect [2022]
  • Global Health Research and Policy
    • Pubertal development and screen time among South Korean adolescents: testing body mass index and psychological well-being as mediators [2016]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Ongoing increasing trends in central precocious puberty incidence among Korean boys and girls from 2008 to 2020 [2023]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Age at menarche in Korean adolescents: trends and influencing factors [2016]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Early life factors of precocious puberty based on Korean nationwide data [2025]
• Romania
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Secular Trends in Height, Body Mass and Mean Menarche Age in Romanian Children and Adolescents, 1936–2016 [2021]
• South Africa
  • Journal of Nutrition
    • Pubertal Development and Prepubertal Height and Weight Jointly Predict Young Adult Height and Body Mass Index in a Prospective Study in South Africa [2016]
• Spain
  • Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
    • Delphi consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with short stature in Spain: GROW-SENS study [2022]
• Sweden
  • JAMA Pediatrics
    • Secular Trends in Pubertal Growth Acceleration in Swedish Boys Born From 1947 to 1996 [2019]
• Syria
  • BMC Pediatrics
    • Syrian national growth references for children and adolescents aged 2-20 years [2022]
• Taiwan
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Association of the consumption of common drinks with early puberty in both sexes [2022]
• Turkey
  • Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology
    • Puberty and Pubertal Growth in Healthy Turkish Girls: No evidence for secular trend [2008]
• United Kingdom
  • Archives of Disease in Childhood
    • Early puberty in 11-year-old girls: Millennium Cohort Study findings [2016]
  • British Society for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes
    • BSPED Guideline: Testosterone Therapy in Infancy and Adolescence [2024]
    • Guidance Statement: Hormone Supplementation for Pubertal Induction in Girls [2022]
    • Guideline: GnRH Analogue Stimulation Testing to Investigate Precocious Puberty [2021]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Human growth hormone (somatropin) for the treatment of growth failure in children [2010]
  • NHS Scotland
    • Guideline for Investigation of early (precocious) and late (delayed) puberty in girls and boys [2024]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Sex Steroid Treatment for Pubertal Induction and Replacement in the Adolescent Girl [2013]
• United States
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Evaluation and Referral of Children With Signs of Early Puberty [2016]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Menstruation in Girls and Adolescents: Using the Menstrual Cycle as a Vital Sign [2015]
  • American Family Physician
    • Disorders of Puberty: An Approach to Diagnosis and Management [2017]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Growth Charts
  • Endocrine Society
    • Endocrine Health and Health Care Disparities in the Pediatric and Sexual and Gender Minority Populations: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement [2023]
  • Endotext
    • Abnormalities of Female Pubertal Development
  • Frontiers in Pediatrics
    • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog therapies for children with central precocious puberty in the United States [2022]
  • JAMA Network Open
    • Analysis of Early-Life Growth and Age at Pubertal Onset in US Children [2022]
  • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
    • Puberty and Precocious Puberty
  • Pediatric Endocrine Society
    • Precocious Puberty and GnRH Analogs: Current Treatment Practices and Perspectives among US Pediatric Endocrinologists [2024]
    • Guidelines for Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Treatment in Children and Adolescents: Growth Hormone Deficiency, Idiopathic Short Stature, and Primary Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Deficiency [2016]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Growth reference data for 5-19 years
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Menstruation disturbances, female gonadal disorders
    • Male hypogonadism, andropause
    • Hirsutism, acne, alopecia, adrenal gland diseases
    • Adolescent reproductive health, adolescent gynecology
    • Adolescent health