Family planning

Guidelines, reviews, epidemiology

Barrier contraceptive methods

• Brazil
  • Revista de Saúde Pública
    • Male condom and dual protection use by adolescent men in Brazil [2021]
• Cameroon
  • Demographic and Health Surveys
    • Social and Individual Factors Associated with Condom Use among Single Youths: An Analysis of the 2018 Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey [2020]
• Canada
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Canadian Contraception Consensus Chapter 5 Barrier Methods [2015]
• Ethiopia
  • BMC Public Health
    • Prevalence and factors associated with inconsistent condom use among female sex workers in Ethiopia: findings from the national biobehavioral survey, 2020 [2023]
• Europe
  • WHO European Region
    • Condom use
• Haiti
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Prevalence and factors associated with condom use among sexually active young women in Haiti: evidence from the 2016/17 Haiti demographic and health survey [2023]
• High-income countries
  • Journal of Adolescent Health
    • Interventions Promoting Condom Use Among Youth: A Systematic Review [2024]
• India
  • Indian Journal of Medical Research
    • Acceptability of male condom: An Indian scenario [2014]
• International
  • United Nations Population Fund
    • Safe lubricants for all - Procurement specifications for lubricants used with male and female condoms (Technical brief) [2022]
• Low and middle income countries
  • Global Public Health
    • The impact of psychosocial interventions on condom and contraceptive use in LMICs: Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials [2020]
• Malawi
  • Reproductive Health
    • Prevalence and determinants of condom use among the youth in Malawi: evidence from the 2015/16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey [2023]
• Mozambique
  • BMC Public Health
    • Breaking barriers: predictors of condom use negotiation among adolescent girls and young women in Mozambique [2025]
• Philippines
  • BMC Public Health
    • Determinants of consistent condom use among Filipino women: Results from the 2017 Philippine National Demographic and Health Survey [2022]
• Rwanda
  • Pan African Medical Journal
    • Prevalence and factors associated with condom use among women aged 15-49 years in Rwanda using a survey logistic regression model: evidence from the 2019/20 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey [2023]
• South Africa
  • Sexual Health
    • Progress and challenges to male and female condom use in South Africa [2012]
• Southern Africa
  • BMC Public Health
    • Adolescent condom use in Southern Africa: narrative systematic review and conceptual model of multilevel barriers and facilitators [2021]
• Spain
  • AIDS and Behavior
    • Exploring Self-efficacy for Condom Use in Spanish People: A Trend Analyses by Gender from 2004 to 2020 [2023]
• Sweden
  • BMC Public Health
    • Knowledge gaps related to HIV and condom use for preventing pregnancy: a cross-sectional study among migrants in Sweden [2024]
• Taiwan
  • BMJ Open
    • Rate of condom use among sexually active adolescents: a nationwide cross-sectional study in Taiwan from 2012 to 2016 [2021]
• United Kingdom
  • Faculty of Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare
    • Barrier Methods
  • PLoS ONE
    • A UK survey of young people's views on condom removal during sex [2024]
• United States
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Barrier Protection Use by Adolescents During Sexual Activity [2020]
    • Condom Use by Adolescents [2013]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Condom and Contraceptive Use Among Sexually Active High School Students — Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2019 [2020]
    • Condom Use
  • Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine
    • Condom Availability in Schools: A Practical Approach to the Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infection/HIV and Unintended Pregnancy [2017]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO/UNFPA Female Condom Generic Specification [2012]
    • Scientific and technical requirements to formulate a female condom generic specification and prequalification scheme: Female condom technical review committee report [2012]
    • Male latex condom: specification, prequalification and guidelines for procurement, 2010 [2010]
    • The female condom: a guide for planning and programming [2000]
    • Prevalence of condom use by adults during higher-risk sex (15-49) (%)
    • Condoms: Fact sheet
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • HIV prevention
    • Family planning, contraception

Contraception use, contraceptive prevalence

• Afghanistan
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Uptake and predictors of contraceptive use in Afghan women [2015]
  • Nagoya Journal of Medical Science
    • Factors influencing contraceptive use among women in Afghanistan: secondary analysis of Afghanistan Health Survey 2012 [2016]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Factors influencing the uptake of short-term contraceptives among women in Afghanistan [2022]
• Africa
  • BMJ Open
    • Prevalence and factors associated with modern contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in 20 African countries: a large population-based study [2020]
  • WHO African Region
    • Family planning health profiles - 2019 [2020]
• Australia
  • Reproductive Health
    • Patterns of contraceptive use among young Australian women with chronic disease: findings from a prospective cohort study [2022]
• Bangladesh
  • BMC Public Health
    • Prevalence and determinants of contraceptive method use among Bangladeshi women of reproductive age: a multilevel multinomial analysis [2022]
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Comparison of two survey methods for estimating unplanned pregnancy, Bangladesh [2024]
  • International Journal of Public Health
    • Women's Sexual Empowerment and Its Relationship to Contraceptive Use in Bangladesh: Findings From a Recent National Survey [2023]
  • Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
    • Contraceptive uses among married women in Bangladesh: a systematic review and meta-analyses [2024]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Regional variations of contraceptive use in Bangladesh: A disaggregate analysis by place of residence [2020]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Exploring rise of pregnancy in Bangladesh resulting from contraceptive failure [2022]
• Benin
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Socioeconomic inequalities in modern contraceptive use among women in Benin: a decomposition analysis [2023]
• Brazil
  • Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
    • Contraception use and family planning inequalities among Brazilian women [2021]
  • Revista de Saúde Pública
    • Use of and access to oral and injectable contraceptives in Brazil [2016]
• Burkina Faso
  • BMC Public Health
    • Empowerment and use of modern contraceptive methods among married women in Burkina Faso: a multilevel analysis [2021]
  • Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters
    • Prevalence of non-preferred family planning methods among reproductive-aged women in Burkina Faso: results from a cross-sectional, population-based study [2023]
• Burundi
  • Demographic and Health Surveys
    • Fertility and Family Planning Characteristics of Contraceptive Clusters in Burundi [2020]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Women's contraceptive profiles in Burundi: Knowledge, attitudes, and interactions with media and health services [2022]
• Cameroon
  • PLoS ONE
    • A subnational socioeconomic assessment of family planning levels, projections, and disparities among married women of reproductive age in Cameroon [2025]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Family structure factors influencing modern contraceptive use in Cameroon based on analysis of 2018-2019 demographic and health survey data [2025]
• Canada
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Canadian Contraception Consensus Chapter 1 Contraception in Canada [2015]
• Democratic Republic of Congo
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Relationship between women’s decision-making power over their own health care and use of modern contraception in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a cross-sectional secondary data analysis [2021]
• Developing countries
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Contraceptive Method Mix: Updates and Implications [2020]
• East Africa
  • PLoS ONE
    • Pooled prevalence and determinants of modern contraceptive utilization in East Africa: A Multi-country Analysis of recent Demographic and Health Surveys [2021]
• Ethiopia
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Prevalence and determinants of unintended childbirth in Ethiopia [2014]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Joint decision on contraceptive use and determinant factors among married women of reproductive ages (15-49) in Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis using Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey; 2016 data [2024]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Trend, geographical distribution, and determinants of modern contraceptive use among married reproductive-age women, based on the 2000, 2005, 2011, and 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey [2023]
    • Modern contraception utilization and associated factors among all women aged 15-49 in Ethiopia: evidence from the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey [2023]
    • Individual and community level factors associated with modern contraceptive utilization among married women in the emerging region of Ethiopia: a multilevel mixed effects analysis of the 2019 Ethiopia Mini-Demographic and health survey [2023]
    • Modern contraceptive utilization and associated factors among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: evidence from 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey [2020]
  • BMJ Open
    • Trend and determinants of unplanned pregnancy among expectant mothers in Ethiopia based on the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (2000-2016) data: a cross-sectional study [2024]
    • Spatial variations and associated factors of modern contraceptive use in Ethiopia: a spatial and multilevel analysis [2020]
  • Contraception and Reproductive Medicine
    • Unmet need for family planning in Ethiopia and its association with occupational status of women and discussion to her partner: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]
  • Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences
    • Factors Affecting Contraceptive Use in Ethiopian: A Generalized Linear Mixed Effect Model [2021]
  • Frontiers in Global Women's Health
    • Spatial disparities and determinants of modern contraceptive use among reproductive age women in Ethiopia: application of multilevel spatial analysis [2025]
  • Global Health Action
    • Trends in contraceptive use and distribution of births with demographic risk factors in Ethiopia: a sub-national analysis [2015]
  • International Journal of Public Health
    • Evolving Landscape of Modern Contraceptive Use in Ethiopia: A Two-Decade Analysis [2025]
  • Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
    • Modern contraceptive use and associated factors among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: multilevel analysis evidence from 2019 Ethiopia mini demographic and health survey [2023]
  • Open Access Journal of Contraception
    • Prevalence and Predictors of Contraceptive Use Among Women of Premenopausal Period in Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Data Analysis [2021]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Modern contraceptive utilization and associated factors among younger and older married youth women in Ethiopia: Evidence from Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey 2019 [2024]
    • Modern contraceptive utilization and associated factors among street working reproductive age women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
    • Determinants of unmet need for contraceptive method among young married women in Ethiopia: Multilevel analysis of Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016 [2024]
    • Utilization of family planning and associated factors among women with disabilities in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
    • Short birth spacing and its association with maternal educational status, contraceptive use, and duration of breastfeeding in Ethiopia. A systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]
    • Contraceptive use among women with no fertility intention in Ethiopia [2020]
    • Trends of Modern Contraceptive Use among Young Married Women Based on the 2000, 2005, and 2011 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys: A Multivariate Decomposition Analysis [2015]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Prevalence and associated factors of contraceptive discontinuation among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: using 2016 Nationwide Survey Data [2020]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Trend and multivariate decomposition analysis of modern contraceptive utilization among women in Ethiopia [2025]
  • Systematic Reviews
    • Contraceptive dynamics among women with disabilities of reproductive age in Ethiopia: systematic review [2024]
• Europe
  • European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
    • Why after 50 years of effective contraception do we still have unintended pregnancy? A European perspective [2018]
• France
  • BMC Women's Health
    • A rise in births following contraceptive failure in France between 2010 and 2016: results from the French national perinatal surveys [2021]
  • Contraception
    • Impact of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on contraception use in 2020 and up until the end of April 2021 in France [2022]
  • JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
    • Contraceptive Use Measured in a National Population-Based Approach: Cross-Sectional Study of Administrative Versus Survey Data [2024]
• Gambia
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Prevalence and factors associated with unplanned pregnancy in The Gambia: findings from 2018 population-based survey [2022]
• Ghana
  • PLoS ONE
    • Contraceptive use by number of living children in Ghana: Evidence from the 2017 maternal health survey [2024]
    • Spatial variations and socioeconomic determinants of modern contraceptive use in Ghana: A Bayesian multilevel analysis [2020]
• India
  • BMC Public Health
    • Effect of contraception uptake on pregnancy outcomes among young women: evidence from the Indian demographic health surveys [2025]
    • Socio-economic inequalities in non-use of modern contraceptives among young and non-young married women in India [2023]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Spatial distribution and factors influencing modern contraceptive practice among tribal married women in India: evidence from National Family Health Survey 5 (2019-2021) [2023]
    • Levels, patterns and determinants of using reversible contraceptives for limiting family planning in India: evidence from National Family Health Survey, 2015-16 [2022]
  • Lancet Global Health
    • Levels and trends in contraceptive prevalence, unmet need, and demand for family planning for 29 states and union territories in India: a modelling study using the Family Planning Estimation Tool [2017]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Mass media exposure and use of reversible modern contraceptives among married women in India: An analysis of the NFHS 2015–16 data [2021]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Spatial heterogeneity in discontinuation of modern spacing method in districts of India [2021]
    • Modern contraceptive use among women in need of family planning in India: an analysis of the inequalities related to the mix of methods used [2021]
  • Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare
    • Inter-generational impact: Exploring the influence of older sister-in-law's contraceptive choices on her peer contraception adoption in India [2024]
• Indonesia
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Determinants of contraceptive use prior to onset of childbearing among ever-married women in Indonesia: a secondary data analysis [2025]
  • Demographic and Health Surveys
    • Determinants of Contraceptive Discontinuation in Indonesia: Further Analysis of the 2017 Demographic and Health Survey [2019]
• International
  • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
    • Mobile phone-based interventions for improving contraception use [2023]
  • Frontiers in Global Women's Health
    • Assessing the impact of contraceptive use on reproductive cancer risk among women of reproductive age—a systematic review [2024]
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • “New Users” Are Confusing Our Counting: Reaching Consensus on How to Measure “Additional Users” of Family Planning [2017]
  • Lancet
    • Measuring contraceptive method mix, prevalence, and demand satisfied by age and marital status in 204 countries and territories, 1970-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 [2022]
  • Lancet Global Health
    • Trends in sexual activity and demand for and use of modern contraceptive methods in 74 countries: a retrospective analysis of nationally representative surveys [2020]
  • PLoS Medicine
    • Estimating progress towards meeting women’s contraceptive needs in 185 countries: A Bayesian hierarchical modelling study [2020]
  • PLoS ONE
    • A meta-analysis into the mediatory effects of family planning utilization on complications of pregnancy in women of reproductive age [2024]
  • Studies in Family Planning
    • Global Contraceptive Failure Rates: Who Is Most at Risk? [2019]
  • United Nations
    • World Contraceptive Use
• Iran
  • Journal of Marriage and Family
    • Family Change and Continuity in Iran: Birth Control Use Before First Pregnancy [2009]
• Jordan
  • Demographic and Health Surveys
    • Further Analysis of Family Planning in Jordan (AB19) - Analysis Brief [2021]
    • Jordan Family Planning Questions [2020]
    • Intention to Use Contraceptives in Jordan: Further Analysis of the Jordan Population and Family Health Survey 2017-18 [2020]
    • Fertility Preferences and Contraceptive Behaviors among Ever-married Women and Men: An Analysis of the 2017-18 Jordan Population and Family Health Survey [2020]
    • Determinants of Modern Contraceptive Use in Jordan: Further Analysis of the Jordan Population and Family Health Survey 2017-18 [2020]
  • Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal
    • Are users of modern and traditional contraceptive methods in Jordan different? [2018]
• Kenya
  • African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine
    • Prevalence of and factors associated with contraceptive discontinuation in Kenya [2022]
  • BMC Public Health
    • How does the rise in contraceptive usage predict pregnancy termination among young women in Kenya? an in-depth multilevel analysis [2025]
    • Prevalence and factors associated with covert contraceptive use in Kenya: a cross-sectional study [2021]
  • Demographic and Health Surveys
    • Determinants of Unmet Need for Family Planning among Women in Kenya: Insights from the 2022 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey [2024]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Trends and Contributing Factors to Contraceptive Use in Kenya: A Large Population-Based Survey 1989 to 2014 [2020]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Modern contraceptive use among migrant and non-migrant women in Kenya [2016]
• Liberia
  • BMJ Open
    • Prevalence and factors associated with the intention to use contraception among women of reproductive age who are not already using a contraceptive method in Liberia: findings from a secondary analysis of the 2019-2020 Liberia Demographic Health Survey [2023]
• Low and middle income countries
  • BMC Women's Health
    • A scoping review on determinants of unmet need for family planning among women of reproductive age in low and middle income countries [2016]
  • Demographic and Health Surveys
    • Contraceptive Use, Method Mix, and Method Availability: A Multilevel Analysis [2020]
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Effectiveness of mHealth Interventions for Improving Contraceptive Use in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review [2020]
  • Journal of Global Health
    • Reported evidence on the effectiveness of mass media interventions in increasing knowledge and use of family planning in low and middle-income countries: a systematic mixed methods review [2019]
  • Lancet Global Health
    • Progress in reducing socioeconomic inequalities in the use of modern contraceptives in 48 focus countries as part of the FP2030 initiative between 1990 and 2020: a population-based analysis [2025]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Socio-demographic and economic inequalities in modern contraception in 11 low- and middle-income countries: an analysis of the PMA2020 surveys [2020]
    • Demand for family planning satisfied with modern methods among sexually active women in low- and middle-income countries: who is lagging behind? [2018]
    • Behaviour change techniques and contraceptive use in low and middle income countries: a review [2015]
  • Tropical Medicine & International Health
    • Effectiveness of demand generation interventions on use of modern contraceptives in low- and middle-income countries [2016]
• Moldova
  • BMJ Open
    • Contraceptive confidence and timing of first birth in Moldova: an event history analysis of retrospective data [2014]
• Myanmar
  • Demographic and Health Surveys
    • Factors that Affect the Discontinuation of Family Planning Methods in Myanmar: Analysis of the 2015-16 Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey [2019]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Utilization of modern contraceptive methods and its determinants among youth in Myanmar: Analysis of Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (2015-2016) [2021]
• Nepal
  • Demographic and Health Surveys
    • Factors Associated with Stagnation in Modern Contraceptive Use, Declining Fertility, Increased Use of Traditional Methods, and Induced Abortion, 2016–2022 Nepal DHS Surveys [2024]
    • Unmet Need for Family Planning and Fertility in Nepal: Levels, Trends, and Determinants [2019]
  • Scientific World Journal
    • Spousal Separation and Use of and Unmet Need for Contraception in Nepal: Results Based on a 2016 Survey [2020]
• Nigeria
  • BMC Public Health
    • Sub-national levels and trends in contraceptive prevalence, unmet need, and demand for family planning in Nigeria with survey uncertainty [2019]
    • Access to mass media messages, and use of family planning in Nigeria: a spatio-demographic analysis from the 2013 DHS [2016]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Factors influencing the use of modern contraceptive in Nigeria: a multilevel logistic analysis using linked data from performance monitoring and accountability 2020 [2020]
  • BMJ Open
    • Survival analysis of time to uptake of modern contraceptives among sexually active women of reproductive age in Nigeria [2015]
  • Global Health Action
    • Contraceptive use and distribution of high-risk births in Nigeria: a sub-national analysis [2015]
  • International Journal of Women's Health
    • Sexual autonomy and contraceptive use among women in Nigeria: findings from the Demographic and Health Survey data [2017]
• Pakistan
  • Demographic and Health Surveys
    • Trends, Differentials, and Determinants of Modern Contraceptive Use in Pakistan, 1990-2018 [2020]
  • F1000Research
    • Prevalence and determinants of contraception use in Pakistan: trend analysis from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys (PDHS) dataset from 1990 to 2018 [2021]
  • Health Research Policy and Systems
    • Raising the contraceptive prevalence rate to 50% by 2025 in Pakistan: an analysis of number of users and service delivery channels [2023]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Socio-Economic Disparities in Use of Family Planning Methods among Pakistani Women: Findings from Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys [2016]
• Papua New Guinea
  • BMJ Open
    • Wealth-related inequalities in the utilisation of modern contraceptives in Papua New Guinea: evidence from the 2016-2018 Demographic and Health Survey data [2024]
• Peru
  • BMC Public Health
    • Associated factors, inequalities, and spatial distribution of the use of modern contraceptive methods among women of reproductive age in Peru: a population-based cross-sectional study [2022]
• Republic of Guinea
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Prevalence and factors associated with intention to use contraceptives among women of reproductive age: a multilevel analysis of the 2018 Guinea demographic and health survey [2024]
• Republic of Korea
  • Yonsei Medical Journal
    • Perceptions and Knowledge of Women Regarding Contraception and Current Trends in Contraceptive Use in Korea [2022]
• Rwanda
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Discontinuation of family planning use among women of reproductive age in Rwanda: analysis from three Rwandan Demographic Health Survey (RDHS) 2010-2020 [2024]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Trends and socio-demographic components of modern contraceptive use among sexually active women in Rwanda: a multivariate decomposition analysis [2022]
• Saudi Arabia
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Factors influencing family planning decisions in Saudi Arabia [2025]
• Senegal
  • BMC Public Health
    • Modern contraceptive utilization and its associated factors among married women in Senegal: a multilevel analysis [2021]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Utilization of modern contraceptive methods among women of reproductive age in Senegal: A multilevel mixed-effects analysis [2025]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Examining trends in family planning among harder-to-reach women in Senegal 1992–2014 [2017]
  • Studies in Family Planning
    • Did COVID-19 Impact Contraceptive Uptake? Evidence from Senegal [2022]
• Sierra Leone
  • PLoS ONE
    • Complex samples logistic regression analysis of predictors of the current use of modern contraceptive among married or in-union women in Sierra Leone: Insight from the 2013 demographic and health survey [2020]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Trends and inequalities in modern contraceptive use among women in Sierra Leone, 2008-2019 [2024]
• Somaliland
  • PLoS ONE
    • Multilevel analysis on prevalence and associated factors of modern contraceptive uptake in Somaliland: based on The Somaliland Health and Demographic Survey 2020 [2024]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • BMC Public Health
    • Intention to use contraceptives and its correlates among reproductive age women in selected high fertility sub-saharan Africa countries: a multilevel mixed effects analysis [2023]
  • BMJ Global Health
    • How the internet increases modern contraception uptake: evidence from eight sub-Saharan African countries [2020]
  • BMJ Open
    • Trends in fertility intentions and contraceptive practices in the context of COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa: insights from four national and regional population-based cohorts [2023]
  • Journal of Global Health
    • Association of collective attitudes and contraceptive practice in nine sub-Saharan African countries [2020]
  • Lancet Global Health
    • Trends in contraceptive prevalence rates in sub-Saharan Africa since the 2012 London Summit on Family Planning: results from repeated cross-sectional surveys [2019]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Women empowerment as an enabling factor of contraceptive use in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel analysis of cross-sectional surveys of 32 countries [2018]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Multinomial multilevel analysis of factors affecting the use of modern contraceptives in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from 2015 to 2023 Demographic Health Survey [2025]
• Tanzania
  • BMC Public Health
    • Application of variance components to the identification of determinants of modern contraceptive use in the Tanzania demographic and health survey data [2022]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Trends and predictors of changes in modern contraceptive use among women aged 15–49 years in Tanzania from 2004–2016: Evidence from Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys [2020]
• Uganda
  • BMC Public Health
    • Multilevel mixed effects analysis of individual and community level factors associated with modern contraceptive use among married women in Uganda [2021]
• United Kingdom
  • BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health
    • Time trends in contraceptive prescribing in UK primary care 2000-2018: a repeated cross-sectional study [2022]
• United States
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Contraceptive Methods Women Have Ever Used: United States, 2015-2019 [2023]
    • Current Contraceptive Status Among Women Aged 15–49: United States, 2017–2019 [2020]
    • Contraceptive Use Among Women at Risk for Unintended Pregnancy in the Context of Public Health Emergencies — United States, 2016 [2018]
    • Current Contraceptive Use and Variation by Selected Characteristics Among Women Aged 15-44: United States, 2011-2013 [2015]
    • Contraceptive Use
  • Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
    • Changing US trends in contraceptive choices [2021]
  • Contraception
    • Pandemic changes in U.S. contraceptive use: National survey estimates reveal significant differences by demographic subgroups [2025]
    • Immigration policy climate and contraceptive use among Mexican-origin women in the United States: Support for the "spill-over" hypothesis [2025]
  • JAMA Network Open
    • Contraception Usage and Workforce Trends Through 2022 [2024]
  • Journal of Health Communication
    • mHealth Interventions for Contraceptive Behavior Change in the United States: A Systematic Review [2022]
  • Journal of Hypertension
    • Hypertension and contraceptive use among women of child-bearing age in the United States from 2001 to 2018 [2022]
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Office of Population Affairs
    • Family Planning Annual Report
• Vietnam
  • Global Health Action
    • Use of modern contraceptives among married women in Vietnam: a multilevel analysis using the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (2011) and the Vietnam Population and Housing Census (2009) [2016]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Expanding contraceptive choice [2017]
• Yemen
  • BMJ Open
    • Prevalence and factors associated with the utilisation of modern contraceptive methods among married women of childbearing age in Yemen: a secondary analysis of national survey data [2023]
• Zambia
  • BMC Women's Health
    • A cross-sectional study of women's autonomy and modern contraception use in Zambia [2022]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Inequality in modern contraceptive use and unmet need for contraception among women of reproductive age in Zambia. A trend and decomposition analysis 2007-2018 [2024]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Family planning, contraception
    • Family planning services

Contraceptive implants

• Argentina
  • Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters
    • Acceptability and continuation of use of the subdermal contraceptive implant among adolescents and young women in Argentina: a retrospective cohort study [2023]
• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Implanon NXT: Expert tips for best-practice insertion and removal [2017]
• Brazil
  • Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
    • The brief life of Norplant® in Brazil: controversies and reassemblages between science, society and State [2017]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Etonogestrel-releasing subdermal contraceptive implant: Budget impact analysis based on the Brazilian private healthcare system [2024]
• Canada
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Pharmacoeconomic Report: Etonogestrel Extended-Release Subdermal Implant (Nexplanon) [2020]
    • Clinical Review Report: Etonogestrel Extended-Release Subdermal Implant (Nexplanon) [2020]
    • CADTH Canadian Drug Expert Committee Recommendation: Etonogestrel Extended-Release Subdermal Implant (Nexplanon — Merck Canada Inc.) [2020]
• Ethiopia
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Factors Associated With Delayed Contraceptive Implant Removal in Ethiopia [2020]
  • SAGE Open Medicine
    • Prevalence of contraceptive implant discontinuation among women who used implant in Ethiopia: Systemic review and meta-analysis [2022]
• International
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Extended Effectiveness of the Etonogestrel-Releasing Contraceptive Implant and the 20 µg Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System for 2 Years Beyond U.S. Food and Drug Administration Product Labeling [2017]
  • Human Reproduction
    • Extended use up to 5 years of the etonogestrel-releasing subdermal contraceptive implant: comparison to levonorgestrel-releasing subdermal implant [2016]
  • International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
    • Systematic review of efficacy with extending contraceptive implant duration [2019]
  • Pharmaceuticals
    • Safety and Benefits of Contraceptives Implants: A Systematic Review [2021]
  • Reproductive Health
    • A systematic review on clinical effectiveness, side-effect profile and meta-analysis on continuation rate of etonogestrel contraceptive implant [2021]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • AJOG Global Reports
    • Facility readiness to remove subdermal contraceptive implants in 6 sub-Saharan African countries [2022]
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Liftoff: The Blossoming of Contraceptive Implant Use in Africa [2018]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Leveraging long acting reversible contraceptives to achieve FP2020 commitments in sub-Saharan Africa: The potential of implants [2018]
• United Kingdom
  • Faculty of Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare
    • Progestogen-only Implants
  • Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
    • Nexplanon (etonogestrel) contraceptive implants: new insertion site to reduce rare risk of neurovascular injury and implant migration [2020]
    • Nexplanon (etonogestrel) contraceptive implants: reports of device in vasculature and lung [2016]
• United States
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Implants
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO statement on Progestogen-only implants [2015]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Hormonal contraception
    • Family planning, contraception

Emergency contraception

• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Ulipristal acetate: An update for Australian GPs [2017]
    • Emergency contraception: Oral and intrauterine options [2017]
  • National Health and Medical Research Council
    • Provision of emergency contraception: a consensus statement [2020]
• Bangladesh
  • BMJ Open
    • Role of community-level emergency contraceptive pills awareness and possibilities of long-acting reversible or permanent methods in reducing unwanted births in Bangladesh: evidence from a nationwide cross-sectional survey [2023]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Emergency contraceptive pill awareness in Bangladesh: missed opportunities in antenatal care and family welfare assistant visits [2024]
• Brazil
  • Frontiers in Pharmacology
    • Availability of emergency contraception in large Brazilian municipalities: a guaranteed right? [2023]
• Canada
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Emergency contraception subsidy in Canada: a comparative policy analysis [2022]
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Ulipristal versus Levonorgestrel for Emergency Contraception: A Review of Comparative Cost-Effectiveness [2019]
    • Ulipristal versus Levonorgestrel for Emergency Contraception: A Review of Comparative Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines [2018]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Canadian Contraception Consensus Chapter 3 Emergency Contraception [2015]
  • Therapeutics Letter
    • Emergency contraceptives: Which pill will you recommend? [2024]
• Ethiopia
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Emergency contraceptive knowledge and associated factors among abortion experienced reproductive age women in Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis using EDHS 2016 data [2023]
  • Frontiers in Global Women's Health
    • Less than one in five teenage women in Ethiopia know about emergency contraception [2024]
• Europe
  • European Consortium for Emergency Contraception
    • Publications
  • European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
    • Emergency contraception. Widely available and effective but disappointing as a public health intervention: a review [2015]
• Fiji
  • Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
    • Emergency contraception access in Fijian community pharmacies: A descriptive study [2024]
• High-income countries
  • BMJ Open
    • Over-the-counter provision of emergency contraceptive pills: a systematic review [2022]
• India
  • Health Policy and Planning
    • Do Indian women know about and use the emergency contraceptive pill? An analysis of nationally representative data from 2005-06 and 2019-21 [2023]
• International
  • Contraception
    • Effect of BMI and body weight on pregnancy rates with LNG as emergency contraception: analysis of four WHO HRP studies [2016]
  • International Planned Parenthood Federation
    • IMAP Statement on emergency contraception [2018]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Acceptability of an on-demand pericoital oral contraceptive pill: a systematic scoping review [2024]
• Italy
  • Frontiers in Global Women's Health
    • Over-the-counter emergency contraception in Italy: ethical reflections and medico-legal issues [2023]
• Japan
  • Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
    • Descriptive Study on a Nationwide Exploratory Questionnaire Survey of Emergency Contraceptive Pills and Their Sexual History and Knowledge in Japan [2023]
• Low and middle income countries
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Workforce interventions to improve access to emergency contraception pills: a systematic review of current evidence in low- and middle-income countries and recommendations for improving performance [2015]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Improving Access to Emergency Contraception Pills through Strengthening Service Delivery and Demand Generation: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence in Low and Middle-Income Countries [2014]
• Nepal
  • Reproductive Health
    • A new wave in the quiet revolution in contraceptive use in Nepal: the rise of emergency contraception [2016]
• Nordic countries
  • Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
    • Emergency contraceptive pill use among women in Denmark, Norway and Sweden: Population-based survey [2020]
• Republic of Korea
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • The current status of emergency contraception use in reproductive-aged Korean women: a population-based internet survey [2023]
• Saudi Arabia
  • Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
    • Knowledge of married Saudi women about emergency contraception: A cross-sectional study [2025]
• Spain
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Prevalence of emergency contraceptive pill use among Spanish adolescent girls and their family and psychological profiles [2018]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • BMC Public Health
    • Trends in emergency contraception awareness among women and girls in 28 sub-Saharan countries [2021]
  • Contraception and Reproductive Medicine
    • Use and awareness of emergency contraceptives among women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review [2022]
• Syria
  • Cureus
    • Emergency Contraception Knowledge, Attitudes, and Barriers Among Men: A Cross-Sectional Study [2024]
• Tanzania
  • Cureus
    • Trends in Utilization of Emergency Contraceptives in Tanzania: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study From 2018 to 2023 [2024]
• United Kingdom
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Trends in the use of emergency contraception in Britain: evidence from the second and third National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles [2016]
  • BMJ Open
    • Use of path analysis to predict changes to community pharmacy and GP emergency hormonal contraception (EHC) provision in England [2022]
  • Faculty of Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare
    • Emergency Contraception
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • Provision of the progestogen-only pill by community pharmacies as bridging contraception for women receiving emergency contraception: the Bridge-it RCT [2021]
  • Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
    • Levonorgestrel-containing emergency hormonal contraception: advice on interactions with hepatic enzyme inducers and contraceptive efficacy [2016]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Quality statement 2: Emergency contraception [2016]
  • Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters
    • Emergency contraception in the UK: stigma as a key ingredient of a fundamental women’s healthcare product [2019]
• United States
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Emergency Contraception [2019]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Access to Emergency Contraception [2017]
    • Emergency Contraception [2015]
  • American Society for Emergency Contraception
    • Projects
  • Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses
    • Emergency Contraception [2017]
  • BMJ
    • Retail demand for emergency contraception in United States following New Year holiday: time series study [2023]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Emergency Contraception
  • Contraception
    • Emergency Contraception: A multi-specialty survey of clinician knowledge and practices [2015]
  • Guttmacher Institute
    • Emergency Contraception [2023]
  • Integrated Pharmacy Research & Practice
    • Role of the community pharmacist in emergency contraception counseling and delivery in the United States: current trends and future prospects [2017]
  • JAMA Network Open
    • Trends in Encounters for Emergency Contraception in US Emergency Departments, 2006-2020 [2024]
    • Contraception Use and Pregnancy Risk Among Adolescents in Pediatric Emergency Departments [2024]
  • Journal of General Internal Medicine
    • Oral Emergency Contraception Provision in the Veterans Health Administration: a Retrospective Cohort Study [2022]
  • Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine
    • Emergency Contraception for Adolescents and Young Adults: Guidance for Health Care Professionals [2016]
  • Society of Family Planning
    • Society of Family Planning Clinical Recommendation: Emergency contraception [2023]
  • StatPearls
    • Postcoital Contraception
    • Levonorgestrel
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO recommendations on self-care interventions: making over-the-counter emergency contraceptive pills available without a prescription [2024]
    • Fact sheet on the safety of levonorgestrel-alone emergency contraceptive pills (LNG ECPs) [2010]
    • Emergency contraception: Fact sheet
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Oral contraceptives
    • Hormonal contraception
    • Family planning, contraception
    • Adolescent contraception

Family planning services

• Afghanistan
  • United Nations Population Fund
    • UNFPA Afghanistan | Family Planning
• Africa
  • PLoS ONE
    • Factors Determining Quality of Care in Family Planning Services in Africa: A Systematic Review of Mixed Evidence [2016]
  • WHO African Region
    • A Guide to Identifying and Documenting Best Practices in Family Planning Programmes [2017]
• Benin
  • International Health
    • Unmet need for contraception among women in Benin: a cross-sectional analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey [2024]
• Bhutan
  • Ministry of Health Bhutan
    • National Family Planning Standards [2018]
• Brazil
  • Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
    • Contraceptive counseling during the pandemic: practical guidelines [2021]
• Burkina Faso
  • Journal of Global Health
    • Does abolishing user fees for family planning increase contraception use? An impact evaluation of the national policy in Burkina Faso [2022]
• Canada
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Coercion Free Contraceptive Care [2021]
    • Canadian Contraception Consensus Chapter 2 Contraceptive Care and Access [2015]
• Democratic Republic of Congo
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Availability and Quality of Family Planning Services in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: High Potential for Improvement [2017]
    • Family Planning Policy Environment in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Levers of Positive Change and Prospects for Sustainability [2015]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Prevalence and factors associated with unmet need for family planning among women of reproductive age (15-49) in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A multilevel mixed-effects analysis [2022]
• Developing countries
  • World Health Organization
    • Accelerating uptake of voluntary, rights-based family planning in developing countries [2017]
• East Africa
  • PLoS ONE
    • Informed choice of modern Contraceptive Methods and determinant factors among reproductive age women in Eastern Africa countries: A multilevel analysis of demographic and health survey [2025]
• Egypt
  • World Health Organization
    • Impact of provider incentive payments on reproductive health services in Egypt : policy brief [2009]
• Eswatini
  • Ministry of Health Eswatini
    • Strategic assessment on unintended pregnancies, contraception and post abortion care [2023]
• Ethiopia
  • Archives of Public Health
    • Predictors of unmet need for family planning in Ethiopia 2019: a systematic review and meta analysis [2020]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Spatial variation and associated factors of unmet need for family planning among reproductive age women in Ethiopia, insights from 2021 PMA-Ethiopia data: multilevel logistic regression analysis [2025]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Prevalence and associated factors of client satisfaction with family planning service among family planning users in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
  • Global Health Action
    • A multilevel analysis on the predictors of client satisfaction with family planning services in Ethiopia: evidence from the Ethiopian service provision assessment (ESPA) 2021/22 [2025]
  • International Journal for Equity in Health
    • Paving the way for universal family planning coverage in Ethiopia: an analysis of wealth related inequality [2015]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Effective Coverage of Modern Contraceptive Use in Ethiopia: An Ecological Linking Analysis of Service Provision Assessment and National Health Equity Surveys [2024]
    • Structural Quality of Services and Use of Family Planning Services in Primary Health Care Facilities in Ethiopia. How Do Public and Private Facilities Compare? [2020]
  • Ministry of Health Ethiopia
    • National Family Planning Communication Guideline [2021]
    • Family Planning Service Integration National Implementation Guideline [2021]
    • National Guideline for Family Planning Services In Ethiopia [2020]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Magnitude and associated factors of unmet need for family planning among reproductive-aged women in Ethiopia: An umbrella review [2024]
    • Trends and predictors of change of unmet need for family planning among reproductive age women in Ethiopia, based on Ethiopian demographic and health surveys from 2005-2016: Multivariable decomposition analysis [2022]
    • Trend and determinants of quality of family planning counseling in Ethiopia: Evidence from repeated PMA cross-sectional surveys, (2014-2019) [2022]
    • Quality of Family Planning Counseling in Ethiopia: Trends and determinants of information received by female modern contraceptive users, evidence from national survey data, (2014- 2018) [2020]
    • Client and facility level determinants of quality of care in family planning services in Ethiopia: Multilevel modelling [2017]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Integration of family planning into the primary health care in Ethiopia: results from national assessment [2024]
    • Two decades of family planning in Ethiopia and the way forward to sustain hard-fought gains! [2022]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Prevalence and determinants of unintended pregnancy among rural reproductive age women in Ethiopia [2025]
  • Social Science & Medicine
    • Providing universal access to modern contraceptive methods: An extended cost-effectiveness analysis of meeting the demand for modern contraception in Ethiopia [2021]
• Europe
  • European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
    • Variations in sexual and reproductive health services for the provision of comprehensive contraceptive and abortion services across Europe: A questionnaire-based study commissioned by the European Board and College of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (EBCOG) and European Society of Contraception (ESC) [2024]
• France
  • Contraception
    • Low-income women and use of prescribed contraceptives in the context of full health insurance coverage in France, 2019 [2023]
• Ghana
  • BMC Public Health
    • Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods in Ghana: trends and inequalities (2013-2022) [2025]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Spatial distribution and factors associated with unmet need for contraception among women in Ghana [2025]
• High-income countries
  • BMC Public Health
    • Contraceptive access and use among women with migratory experience living in high-income countries: a scoping review [2024]
• India
  • Global Public Health
    • The impact of accredited social health activists in India on uptake of modern contraception: A nationally representative multilevel modelling study [2024]
  • Indian Journal of Medical Research
    • Cost of providing family planning services & management of pregnancy outcomes at public health facilities in India [2022]
    • Priority strategies for India's family planning programme [2014]
  • Ministry of Health and Family Welfare India
    • Guidelines for provision of Family Planning services during and post COVID-19 Pandemic [2021]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Trends in prevalence of unmet need for family planning in India: patterns of change across 36 States and Union Territories, 1993-2021 [2024]
• India, Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Trends in and Correlates of Short-Acting Contraceptive Stock-Outs: Multicountry Analysis of Performance Monitoring for Action Agile Platform Data [2024]
• Indonesia
  • BMC Public Health
    • The role of structural and process quality of family planning Care in Modern Contraceptive use in Indonesia: a multilevel analysis [2021]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • The use of Method Information Index (MII) to monitor the amount of information given to women users of modern contraceptives in Indonesia: results from an analysis of the 2007, 2012 and 2017 demographic and health surveys [2022]
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Health insurance and contraceptive use, Indonesian Family Planning Census 2021 [2023]
  • Gates Open Research
    • National health insurance contribution to family planning program funding in Indonesia: A fund flow analysis [2024]
  • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
    • Role of Information and Communication Technology and Women’s Empowerment in Contraceptive Discontinuation in Indonesia [2020]
• International
  • BioMed Research International
    • Getting Up to Date with What Works: A Systematic Review on the Effectiveness and Safety of Task Sharing of Modern Methods in Family Planning Services [2023]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Implementation strategies, facilitators, and barriers to scaling up and sustaining demand generation in family planning, a mixed-methods systematic review [2023]
  • BMJ Global Health
    • Aligning health worker education and learning approaches with population health needs: WHO's Family Planning and Comprehensive Abortion Care Toolkit for the primary healthcare workforce - PubMed [2023]
  • BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health
    • Strengthening contraceptive counselling: gaps in knowledge and implementation research [2022]
    • Defining counselling in contraceptive information and services: outcomes from an expert think tank [2022]
    • A systematic review of the effectiveness of counselling strategies for modern contraceptive methods: what works and what doesn't? [2020]
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Expanding equity measurements of family planning beyond wealth status and contraceptive use [2021]
  • Contraception
    • Contraceptive values and preferences of pregnant women, postpartum women, women seeking emergency contraceptives, and women seeking abortion services: A systematic review [2022]
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Provider Bias in Family Planning Services: A Review of Its Meaning and Manifestations [2019]
  • International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    • The impact of cascade training-A FIGO and WHO Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research collaboration to improve access to quality family planning globally [2024]
    • FIGO-ICM Joint statement on contraception [2024]
    • FIGO and ICM joint statement on contraception: 2024 [2024]
    • COVID-19 Contraception and Family Planning [2020]
  • International Planned Parenthood Federation
    • IMAP statement on expanding access and contraceptive choice through integrated sexual and reproductive health services [2019]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Participatory approaches involving community and healthcare providers in family planning/contraceptive information and service provision: a scoping review [2016]
  • United Nations
    • Family Planning and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development [2019]
  • United Nations Population Fund
    • Human Rights-based Approach to Family Planning: Support Tool [2023]
    • Global Sexual and Reproductive Health Package for Men and Adolescent Boys [2017]
• Iran
  • Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research
    • The impact of an educational program based on BASNEF model on the selection of a contraceptive method in women [2015]
• Jordan
  • Women's Health
    • Family planning interventions in Jordan: A scoping review [2023]
• Kenya
  • Contraception
    • Provider barriers to family planning access in urban Kenya [2015]
  • Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
    • Evaluating the impact of social franchising on family planning use in Kenya [2016]
  • Ministry of Health Kenya
    • National Family Planning Standard for Health Care Facilities [2021]
    • National Family Planning Guidelines for Service Providers [2018]
    • National Guidelines for Quantification, Procurement and Pipeline Monitoring for Family Planning Commodities in Kenya [2016]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Demand satisfied by modern contraceptive among married women of reproductive age in Kenya [2021]
    • Community Dialogue to Shift Social Norms and Enable Family Planning: An Evaluation of the Family Planning Results Initiative in Kenya [2016]
• Laos
  • Global Health Action
    • Quality of family planning services for women of reproductive age in Lao PDR [2020]
• Low and middle income countries
  • BMC Public Health
    • Community based reproductive health interventions for young married couples in resource-constrained settings: a systematic review [2015]
  • BMJ Open
    • Incidence of unintended pregnancy among female sex workers in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2018]
  • European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care
    • Contraception supply chain challenges: a review of evidence from low- and middle-income countries [2017]
  • Frontiers in Global Women's Health
    • Urban Family Planning in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Critical Scoping Review [2021]
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Policies for expanding family planning coverage: lessons from five successful countries [2024]
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • National Policy Influences of Contraceptive Prevalence and Method Mix Strategy: A Longitudinal Analysis of 59 Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2010-2021 [2024]
    • Inequities in Family Planning in Low- and Middle-Income Countries [2023]
    • Where Women Access Contraception in 36 Low- and Middle-Income Countries and Why It Matters [2022]
    • Routine Family Planning Data in the Low- and Middle-Income Country Context: A Synthesis of Findings From 17 Small Research Grants [2020]
  • International Journal for Equity in Health
    • Family planning for urban slums in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of interventions/service delivery models and their impact [2021]
  • Journal of Global Health
    • Quality adjusted coverage of family planning services in low- and middle-income countries: Analysis of 33 countries using Demographic and Health Survey data [2024]
    • Magnitude, determinants, and adverse outcomes of unintended pregnancy among pregnant mothers in low- and middle-income countries: An umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
    • Time trends in demand for family planning satisfied: analysis of 73 countries using national health surveys over a 24-year period [2019]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Economic Evaluation of Family Planning Interventions in Low and Middle Income Countries; A Systematic Review [2016]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Does women’s age matter in the SDGs era: coverage of demand for family planning satisfied with modern methods and institutional delivery in 91 low- and middle-income countries [2020]
    • Optimizing the delivery of contraceptives in low- and middle-income countries through task shifting: a systematic review of effectiveness and safety [2015]
  • Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters
    • Impacts of COVID-19 on contraceptive and abortion services in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review [2022]
• Maldives
  • Ministry of Health Maldives
    • National Standards for Family Planning Services [2021]
• Mali
  • Reproductive Health
    • Women's healthcare decision-making and unmet need for contraception in Mali [2022]
• Mexico
  • Reproductive Health
    • Client, provider, and visit factors associated with quality in contraceptive counseling in Mexico: an exploratory cross-sectional analysis [2021]
• Myanmar
  • Ministry of Health and Sports
    • Family Planning Guideline For Service Providers [2018]
• Nepal
  • Center for Research on Environment Health and Population Activities
    • Adding It Up: Costs and Benefits of Meeting the Contraceptive and Maternal and Newborn Health Needs of Women in Nepal [2019]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Unmet need for family planning and associated factors among currently married women in Nepal: A further analysis of Nepal Demographic and Health Survey-2022 [2024]
• Nigeria
  • BMC Women's Health
    • A narrative review of evidence to support increased domestic resource mobilization for family planning in Nigeria [2023]
  • Sociology of Health & Illness
    • Family planning policy and gender in Nigeria: A thematic analysis of the government's health policy perspective [2025]
• Nigeria, Pakistan
  • BMJ Open
    • Strengthening contraceptive counselling services to empower clients and meet their needs: protocol for a two-stage, multiphase complex intervention in Pakistan and Nigeria [2024]
• Pacific Islands
  • PLoS ONE
    • Family planning in Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs): A scoping review [2021]
• Pakistan
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Access and knowledge of contraceptives and unmet need for family planning in Pakistan [2024]
    • Demand- and supply-side factors associated with the use of contraceptive methods in Pakistan: a comparative study of demographic and health surveys, 1990–2018 [2020]
  • Frontiers in Global Women's Health
    • Utilization of social franchising in family planning services: a Pakistan perspective [2024]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Engaging with community-based public and private mid-level providers for promoting the use of modern contraceptive methods in rural Pakistan: results from two innovative birth spacing interventions [2016]
    • National program for family planning and primary health care Pakistan: a SWOT analysis [2013]
  • Rural and Remote Health
    • Fertility patterns in Pakistan: a comparative analysis of family planning trends across different geographic regions [2024]
• Papua New Guinea
  • Reproductive Health
    • Unmet need for contraception and its associated factors among women in Papua New Guinea: analysis from the demographic and health survey [2022]
• Philippines
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Legal changes and evidence on unmet need for contraception, Philippines [2024]
  • World Health Organization
    • Performance-based grants for reproductive health in the Philippines: policy brief [2011]
• Rwanda
  • Ministry of Health Rwanda
    • National Family Planning Guidelines and Standards [2022]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Family planning demand generation in Rwanda: Government efforts at the national and community level impact interpersonal communication and family norms [2022]
• Saudi Arabia
  • Ministry of Health Saudi Arabia
    • Family Planning National Guidelines for Health Providers [2023]
• Senegal
  • Contraception
    • The Senegal urban reproductive health initiative: a longitudinal program impact evaluation [2018]
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Strengthening Government Leadership in Family Planning Programming in Senegal: From Proof of Concept to Proof of Implementation in 2 Districts [2016]
• Sierra Leone
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Determinants of quality contraceptive counselling information among young women in Sierra Leone: insights from the 2019 Sierra Leone demographic health survey [2023]
• Somalia
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Improving the uptake of contraception, Somalia [2024]
• South Asia
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Effective strategies for increasing the uptake of modern methods of family planning in South Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
• South-East Asia
  • BMJ Open
    • Understanding the association between family planning and fertility reduction in Southeast Asia: a scoping review [2024]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Pooled prevalence and determinants of informed choice of contraceptive methods among reproductive age women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel analysis [2022]
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Assessment of Family Planning Service Availability and Readiness in 10 African Countries [2018]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Factors associated with unmet need for family planning in sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel multinomial logistic regression analysis [2022]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Design and initial implementation of the WHO FP umbrella project- to strengthen contraceptive services in the sub Saharan Africa [2017]
  • Science Advances
    • U.S. global health aid policy and family planning in sub-Saharan Africa [2023]
• Tajikistan
  • Central Asian Journal of Global Health
    • Family Planning in the Republic of Tajikistan: A narrative review from Soviet times to 2017 [2020]
• Tanzania
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Trends and Drivers of Unmet Need for Family Planning in Currently Married Tanzanian Women between 1999 and 2016 [2023]
  • Ministry of Health Tanzania
    • National Family Planning Guidelines and Standards [2013]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Client satisfaction with family planning services in the area of high unmet need: evidence from Tanzania Service Provision Assessment Survey, 2014-2015 [2018]
• Tanzania, Uganda
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Adaptation of the Training Resource Package to Strengthen Preservice Family Planning Training for Nurses and Midwives in Tanzania and Uganda [2018]
• Uganda
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Exploring the association between unintended pregnancies and unmet contraceptive needs among Ugandan women of reproductive age: an analysis of the 2016 Uganda demographic and health survey [2024]
  • Contraception and Reproductive Medicine
    • Cost-effectiveness of increased contraceptive coverage using family planning benefits cards compared with the standard of care for young women in Uganda [2023]
  • Frontiers in Global Women's Health
    • What does your partner want? Using a gender equality lens to assess partner support and involvement in family planning in Uganda [2024]
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Partnerships for Policy Development: A Case Study From Uganda’s Costed Implementation Plan for Family Planning [2016]
  • Guttmacher Institute
    • Contraception and Unintended Pregnancy in Uganda [2013]
  • Ministry of Health Uganda
    • National Family Planning Advocacy Strategy & Costed Implementation Plan 2020/21 – 2024/25 [2021]
    • The Family Planning Research and Learning Agenda for Uganda 2021–2025 [2020]
• United Kingdom
  • BMC Public Health
    • Enabling women to access preferred methods of contraception: a rapid review and behavioural analysis [2021]
  • BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health
    • Influences on ethnic minority women's experiences and access to contraception in the UK: a systematic qualitative evidence synthesis [2025]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Contraceptive services for under 25s [2014]
  • NHS Digital
    • Sexual and Reproductive Health Services (Contraception)
  • Public Health England
    • Contraceptive services: estimating the return on investment
• United States
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Patient-Centered Contraceptive Counseling [2022]
  • American Journal of Public Health
    • Telehealth for Contraceptive Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a 2021 National Survey [2022]
    • Projecting the Unmet Need and Costs for Contraception Services After the Affordable Care Act [2016]
  • Annals of Internal Medicine
    • Effectiveness and Harms of Contraceptive Counseling and Provision Interventions for Women : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2022]
  • Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses
    • Insurance Coverage for Contraceptives [2016]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Receipt of Family Planning Services in the United States: 2022-2023 [2024]
    • Need for Contraceptive Services Among Women of Reproductive Age — 45 Jurisdictions, United States, 2017–2019 [2021]
    • Update: Providing Quality Family Planning Services — Recommendations from CDC and the U.S. Office of Population Affairs, 2017 [2017]
  • Contraception
    • Where do female contraceptive users get their methods, and does this differ by insurance coverage? A state-level examination [2025]
  • JAMA
    • Decreasing Unintended Pregnancy: Opportunities Created by the Affordable Care Act [2016]
  • Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • Effects of the Affordable Care Act on Contraception, Pregnancy, and Pregnancy Termination Rates [2025]
  • Preventive Medicine
    • COVID-19 and family planning service delivery: Findings from a survey of U.S. physicians [2021]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Relationship between experiencing a challenge or delay accessing contraception and contraceptive self-efficacy: Data from a 2022 nationally representative online survey [2025]
  • Society of Family Planning
    • Society of Family Planning Clinical Recommendations: Contraceptive Care in the Context of Pandemic Response [2022]
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Office of Population Affairs
    • Providing Quality Family Planning Services in the United States: Recommendations of the U.S. Office of Population Affairs (Revised 2024) [2024]
    • Equity in Providing Quality Family Planning Services in the United States: Recommendations of the U.S. Office of Population Affairs (Revised 2024) [2024]
• Vanuatu
  • Reproductive Health
    • The case for investing in family planning in the Pacific: costs and benefits of reducing unmet need for contraception in Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands [2013]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Providing Family Planning Services During an Epidemic [2021]
    • WHO concise guide to implementing & scaling up family planning service improvements [2018]
    • Ensuring adequate financing of family planning commodities and services [2018]
    • Task sharing to improve access to Family Planning/Contraception [2017]
    • Quality of care in contraceptive information and services, based on human rights standards [2017]
    • Partnering with the private sector to strengthen provision of contraception [2017]
    • Monitoring human rights in contraceptive services and programmes [2017]
    • Improving family planning service delivery in humanitarian crises [2017]
    • Ensuring contraceptive security through effective supply chains [2017]
    • Ensuring human rights within contraceptive service delivery [2015]
    • Framework for ensuring human rights in the provision of contraceptive information [2014]
    • Ensuring human rights within contraceptive programmes [2014]
    • Ensuring human rights in the provision of contraceptive information and services [2014]
    • Task shifting to improve access to contraceptive methods: improve access to key maternal and newborn health interventions [2013]
    • A guide to family planning for community health workers and their clients [2012]
    • Scaling up health service delivery: from pilot innovations to policies and programmes [2007]
    • Access to quality family planning services
• WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
  • Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal
    • A review of family planning policies and services in WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region Member States [2019]
  • WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
    • Summary report on the training workshop on strengthening family planning services through evidence-based guidelines and best practices, Tunis, Tunisia 13–16 November 2016 [2016]
• WHO South-East Asia Region
  • WHO South-East Asia Region
    • A Compendium of Decision-making Tools for Family Planning Clients and Providers [2023]
• WHO Western Pacific Region
  • WHO Western Pacific Region
    • Preventing unplanned pregnancies: implementation review and planning guide: outpatient family planning services [2024]
• Zambia
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Unmet need for family planning among married women in Zambia: lessons from the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey [2022]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Family planning, contraception
    • Contraception use, contraceptive prevalence

Family planning, contraception

• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • The management of irregular bleeding in women using contraception [2017]
    • Perimenopausal contraception: A practice-based approach [2017]
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • Contraception for women over 40: A comprehensive guide [2024]
• Australia, New Zealand
  • Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Contraception Clinical Guideline [2024]
• Austria, Germany, Switzerland
  • Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
    • S2k-Guideline Non-hormonal Contraception, Part 2: Intrauterine Devices and Sterilization: Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry No. 015 - 095, January 2024) [2024]
    • S2k-Guideline Non-hormonal Contraception, Part 1: Natural Family Planning, Lactational Amenorrhea, Barrier Methods, Coitus Interruptus: Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry No. 015 - 095, January 2024) [2024]
• Canada
  • Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada
    • Contraception in Canada: A Nod to the Past and Look Into the Future [2019]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Canadian Contraception Consensus (Part 2 of 4) Abstract and Summary Statement [2015]
    • Canadian Contraception Consensus (Part 1 of 4) Abstract and Summary Statement [2015]
• China
  • BMJ Open
    • Maternal depression and loss of children under the one-child family planning policy in China: a cross-sectional study of 300 000 women [2021]
• Ethiopia, Senegal
  • Health Research Policy and Systems
    • Dissemination and use of WHO family planning guidance and tools: a qualitative assessment [2018]
• Europe, United States
  • European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations
    • Science-Based Approach to Harmonize Contraception Recommendations in Clinical Trials and Pharmaceutical Labels [2023]
• France
  • Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human Reproduction
    • Clinical practice guidelines for contraception by the French National College of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (CNGOF) [2019]
• India
  • Ministry of Health and Family Welfare India
    • Family Planning Guidance Booklet for Community Health Officers (CHOs) [2023]
    • Family Planning Guidelines
    • Family Planning
• International
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Reclassifying contraceptives as over-the-counter medicines to improve access [2022]
  • Contraception
    • Values and preferences for contraception: A global systematic review [2022]
    • Research gaps identified during the 2014 update of the WHO medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use and selected practice recommendations for contraceptive use [2015]
  • Family Medicine and Community Health
    • Priorities for research on family planning impact: recommendations of a WHO Think Tank meeting [2023]
  • SBCC Implementation Kits
    • Healthy Timing and Spacing of Pregnancies – Addressing Advanced Maternal Age and High Parity in Family Planning Programs Implementation Kit
  • Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare
    • Description of the methodology for developing and validating the WHO's family planning and comprehensive abortion care competencies for the primary health care workforce [2024]
  • United Nations Population Fund
    • Seeing the Unseen: The case for action in the neglected crisis of unintended pregnancy [2022]
• Italy
  • Journal of Nephrology
    • Contraception in chronic kidney disease: a best practice position statement by the Kidney and Pregnancy Group of the Italian Society of Nephrology [2020]
• Low and middle income countries
  • Studies in Family Planning
    • Barriers and Enablers Influencing Women's Adoption and Continuation of Vaginally Inserted Contraceptive Methods: A Literature Review [2022]
• New Zealand
  • Ministry of Health New Zealand
    • New Zealand Aotearoa’s guidance on contraception [2020]
• Republic of Korea
  • Obstetrics & Gynecology Science
    • Contraception in the COVID-19 pandemic: recommendations from the Korean society of contraception and reproductive health [2022]
• South Africa
  • National Department of Health South Africa
    • National contraception clinical guidelines 2019 [2019]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Use of the World Health Organization’s Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use Guidance in sub-Saharan African Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study [2016]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Towards achieving the family planning targets in the African region: a rapid review of task sharing policies [2021]
• Tunisia
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Revisiting fertility regulation and family ties in Tunisia [2023]
• United Kingdom
  • Faculty of Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare
    • UK Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use (UKMEC)
    • Quick Starting Contraception
    • Management of SRH Issues
    • Contraception for Specific Populations
    • Clinical Standards
    • Association of Contraception with Medical Conditions
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Contraception (Quality standard) [2016]
    • Contraception
• United States
  • American College of Cardiology
    • Contraception and Reproductive Planning for Women With Cardiovascular Disease: JACC Focus Seminar 5/5 [2021]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Opposition to Coercive Contraception Practices and Policies [2019]
    • Access to Contraception [2015]
  • American Journal of Nursing
    • An Evidence-Based Update on Contraception [2020]
  • American Society for Reproductive Medicine
    • Contraception
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • U.S. Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use, 2024 [2024]
    • U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2024 [2024]
  • Endotext
    • Contraception
  • Guttmacher Institute
    • United States Contraception
  • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
    • Contraception and Birth Control
  • Society of Family Planning
    • Society of Family Planning Committee Statement: Contraceptive considerations for individuals with cancer and cancer survivors part 1 - Key considerations for clinical care Joint with the Society of Gynecologic Oncology [2025]
    • Society of Family Planning Committee Statement: Contraception and body weight [2025]
    • Society of Family Planning Clinical Recommendation: Contraceptive considerations for individuals with cancer and cancer survivors part 3 - Skin, blood, gastrointestinal, liver, lung, central nervous system, and other cancers: Joint with the Society of Gynecologic Oncology [2025]
    • Society of Family Planning Clinical Recommendation: Contraceptive considerations for individuals with cancer and cancer survivors part 2 - Breast, ovarian, uterine, and cervical cancer: Joint with the Society of Gynecologic Oncology [2025]
    • Society of family planning clinical recommendations: Contraception and abortion care for persons who use substances [2022]
    • Cancer and contraception [2012]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Family planning and comprehensive abortion care toolkit for the primary health care workforce: volume 2 [2022]
    • Family planning and comprehensive abortion care toolkit for the primary health care workforce: volume 1 [2022]
    • Family Planning: A Global Handbook for Providers (2022 update) [2022]
    • Digital Adaptation Kit for Family Planning: Operational requirements for implementing WHO recommendations in digital systems [2021]
    • Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Contraception and family planning [2020]
    • Contraception: Evidence brief [2019]
    • Implementation Guide for the Medical Eligibility Criteria and Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use Guidelines [2018]
    • Family planning: A Global Handbook for Providers: 2018 revision [2018]
    • WHO medical eligibility criteria update [2016]
    • Selected practice recommendations for contraceptive use - Third edition 2016 [2016]
    • Moving towards the goals of FP2020 — classifying contraceptives [2016]
    • Medical eligibility criteria wheel for contraceptive use [2015]
    • Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use [2015]
    • Family planning versus contraception: what's in a name? [2014]
    • The effects of contraception on obstetric outcomes [2004]
    • Family planning/contraception methods: Fact sheet
    • Family Planning/Contraception
    • Contraception
• Zimbabwe
  • United Nations Population Fund
    • Family Planning Guidelines for Zimbabwe [2018]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Sterilization
    • Postpartum and postabortion contraception
    • Oral contraceptives
    • Natural family planning
    • Male contraception, men and family planning
    • Long-acting reversible contraception
    • Intrauterine device (IUD)
    • Injectable contraceptives
    • Induced abortion
    • Hormonal contraception
    • Family planning services
    • Emergency contraception
    • Contraceptive implants
    • Contraception use, contraceptive prevalence
    • Barrier contraceptive methods
    • Adolescent pregnancy
    • Adolescent contraception

Female sterilization, tubal ligation

• Bolivia
  • Health and Human Rights Journal
    • Gendered Power Relations and Informed Consent: The I.V. v. Bolivia Case [2018]
• Brazil
  • Social Sciences
    • Profile of Female Sterilization in Brazil [2019]
• Canada
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • Forced and coerced sterilization of Indigenous women [2021]
  • Ontario Health
    • Hysteroscopic tubal sterilization: an evidence-based analysis [2013]
    • Hysteroscopic tubal sterilization: a health economic literature review [2013]
• High-income countries
  • Reproductive Health
    • Comparing options for females seeking permanent contraception in high resource countries: a systematic review [2021]
• India
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Sterilization incentives and associated regret among ever married women in India, NFHS, 2015-16 [2022]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Examining the access to benefits and quality sterilization services among Muslim women in India : Evidence from the fifth round of the national family health survey (2019-2021) [2024]
    • The trends of female sterilization in India: an age period cohort analysis approach [2022]
    • Pattern and correlates of out-of-pocket payment (OOP) on female sterilization in India, 1990–2014 [2020]
  • International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research
    • Female sterilization failure: Review over a decade and its clinicopathological correlation [2014]
  • Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of India
    • A Study on the Reversal of Sterilisation in Women Over Two Decades [2012]
  • Ministry of Health and Family Welfare India
    • Reference manual for female sterilization [2014]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Factors explaining the dominion status of female sterilization in India over the past two decades (1992-2016): A multilevel study [2021]
    • Quality of care in sterilization services at the public health facilities in India: A multilevel analysis [2020]
  • Studies in Family Planning
    • Unwanted Family Planning Including Unwanted Sterilization: Preliminary Prevalence Estimates for India [2024]
• International
  • International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
    • Informed consent and ethical issues pertaining to female sterilization-Scoping review [2025]
  • Public Health Reviews
    • Forced sterilization of women as discrimination [2017]
• Netherlands
  • Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology
    • Dutch Nationwide Multicenter Prospective Cohort of Essure-Related Symptomatology After Removal Surgery [2025]
• Rwanda
  • BMC Public Health
    • Prevalence and factors associated with female sterilization in Rwanda: evidence from the demographic and health survey data (2019-2020) [2023]
• South Africa
  • South African Medical Journal
    • Obtaining informed consent for a sterilisation in the light of recent case law [2018]
• Uganda
  • Contraception and Reproductive Medicine
    • Determinants of female sterilization method uptake among women of reproductive age group in Uganda [2020]
• United Kingdom
  • British Journal of Cancer
    • Tubal ligation and incidence of 26 site-specific cancers in the Million Women Study [2016]
  • Journal of Medical Ethics
    • Why-UD? Assessing the requirement to trial an intrauterine device as a condition for elective sterilisation in female patients [2024]
  • Right Decisions
    • Female sterilisation for contraception request
• United States
  • AMA Journal of Ethics
    • How Should a Physician Respond to Discovering Her Patient Has Been Forcibly Sterilized? [2021]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Permanent Contraception: Ethical Issues and Considerations [2024]
    • Access to Postpartum Sterilization [2021]
  • American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • Trends in permanent contraceptive procedural volume in the United States between 2019 and 2020 [2023]
  • American Journal of Perinatology
    • Racial Disparities in Sterilization Procedure Performed at Time of Cesarean Section [2024]
  • American Journal of Public Health
    • Sterilization in US Immigration and Customs Enforcement's (ICE's) Detention: Ethical Failures and Systemic Injustice [2021]
  • Contraception
    • Variation in the interpretation and application of the Medicaid sterilization consent form among Medicaid officials [2022]
    • Variation by state in Medicaid sterilization policies for physician reimbursement [2021]
    • COVID-19 highlights the policy barriers and complexities of postpartum sterilization [2021]
  • Journal of Women's Health
    • Tubal Sterilization and Cervical Cancer Underscreening in the United States [2024]
  • Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • Medicaid and Fulfillment of Postpartum Permanent Contraception Requests [2023]
    • Association Among Race, Ethnicity, Insurance Type, and Postpartum Permanent Contraception Fulfillment [2023]
    • Website Review of Variation in Individual State Medicaid Sterilization Policies [2021]
    • Obstetrician-Gynecologists' Practices in Postpartum Sterilization Without a Valid Medicaid Consent Form [2021]
    • Female Sterilization and Cognitive Disability in the United States, 2011–2015 [2018]
  • Open Access Journal of Contraception
    • Efficacy of Tubal Surgery for Permanent Contraception: Considerations for the Clinician [2023]
  • Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health
    • Changing Educational Differentials in Female Sterilization [2020]
  • Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology
    • What happened to quinacrine non-surgical female sterilization? [2021]
  • StatPearls
    • Tubal Sterilization
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • The safety of quinacrine when used as a method of non-surgical sterilization in women : interim statement [2009]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Sterilization

Hormonal contraception

• Australia
  • NSW Health
    • NSW pharmacist practice standards for the continuation of hormonal contraception
  • Queensland Health
    • Hormonal contraception - Clinical practice guideline
• Austria, Germany, Switzerland
  • Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
    • Hormonal Contraception. Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S3 Level, AWMF Registry Number 015/015, January 2020) [2021]
• Canada
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Changes in Canadian contraceptive choices: results of a national survey on hormonal contraceptive use [2025]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Menstrual Suppression in Special Circumstances [2019]
    • Canadian Contraception Consensus Part 4 of 4 Chapter 9: Combined Hormonal Contraception [2017]
    • Canadian Contraception Consensus (Part 3 of 4): Chapter 8 – Progestin-Only Contraception [2016]
• Canada, United Kingdom, United States
  • CMAJ Open
    • Regulatory approval time for hormonal contraception in Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom, 2000-2015: a retrospective data analysis [2016]
• Denmark
  • BMJ
    • Stroke and myocardial infarction with contemporary hormonal contraception: real-world, nationwide, prospective cohort study [2025]
    • Venous thromboembolism with use of hormonal contraception and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: nationwide cohort study [2023]
• Ethiopia
  • BMJ Open
    • Assessing the effect of concerns about contraceptive-induced fertility impairment on hormonal contraceptive use by parity and residence: evidence from PMA Ethiopia 2020 cross-sectional survey [2024]
• Europe
  • European Medicines Agency
    • Combined hormonal contraceptives
  • Journal of Headache and Pain
    • Effect of exogenous estrogens and progestogens on the course of migraine during reproductive age: a consensus statement by the European Headache Federation (EHF) and the European Society of Contraception and Reproductive Health (ESCRH) [2018]
    • Hormonal contraceptives and risk of ischemic stroke in women with migraine: a consensus statement from the European Headache Federation (EHF) and the European Society of Contraception and Reproductive Health (ESC) [2017]
• Finland
  • BMJ Open
    • Associations between use of psychotropic medications and use of hormonal contraception among girls and women aged 15-49 years in Finland: a nationwide, register-based, matched case-control study [2022]
• Ghana
  • Contraception
    • Hormonal contraceptive use in Ghana: The role of method attributes and side effects in method choice and continuation [2021]
• International
  • Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
    • Common myths and misconceptions surrounding hormonal contraception [2025]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Assessing the impact of contraceptive use on mental health among women of reproductive age - a systematic review [2024]
  • Clinical Oral Investigations
    • Oral manifestations in women using hormonal contraceptive methods: a systematic review [2024]
  • Contraception
    • Combined hormonal contraceptive use among women with known dyslipidemias: a systematic review of critical safety outcomes [2015]
  • European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care
    • Assessing the impact of hormonal contraceptive use on menstrual health among women of reproductive age - a systematic review [2024]
  • Frontiers in Global Women's Health
    • Acceptability and Satisfaction of Contraceptive Vaginal Rings in Clinical Studies: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis [2021]
  • Pharmaceuticals
    • Hormonal Contraception and Bone Metabolism: Emerging Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Studies on Post-Pubertal and Reproductive-Age Women [2025]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Hormonal contraceptive use and the risk of sexually transmitted infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
• Ireland
  • British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
    • Hormonal contraceptive use in Ireland: trends and co-prescribing practices [2015]
• Low and middle income countries
  • PLoS ONE
    • Vaginal ring acceptability and related preferences among women in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and narrative synthesis [2019]
• Netherlands
  • Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis
    • Hormonal contraceptive use after a first venous thrombotic event and the risk of recurrence in premenopausal women [2024]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • BMC Research Notes
    • Hormonal contraceptive use among women living with hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: insights from 12 countries [2024]
• United Kingdom
  • Faculty of Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare
    • Combined Hormonal Contraception
• United States
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • General Approaches to Medical Management of Menstrual Suppression [2022]
    • Over-the-Counter Access to Hormonal Contraception [2019]
  • American Family Physician
    • Initiating Hormonal Contraception [2021]
  • American Society for Reproductive Medicine
    • Combined hormonal contraception and the risk of venous thromboembolism: a guideline [2017]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Combined Hormonal Contraceptives
  • Food and Drug Administration
    • Labeling for Combined Hormonal Contraceptives Guidance for Industry
  • JAMA Health Forum
    • Twelve-Month Contraceptive Supply Policies and Medicaid Contraceptive Dispensing [2024]
• Western countries
  • Social Science & Medicine
    • Reasons for rejecting hormonal contraception in Western countries: A systematic review [2021]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO statement on hormonal contraception and bone health [2005]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Oral contraceptives
    • Male contraception, men and family planning
    • Intrauterine device (IUD)
    • Injectable contraceptives
    • Family planning, contraception
    • Emergency contraception
    • Contraceptive implants

Induced abortion

• Africa
  • WHO African Region
    • WHO African Region's Countries Abortion Health Profiles [2020]
• Argentina, Nigeria, South-East Asia
  • JAMA Network Open
    • Medication Abortion Safety and Effectiveness With Misoprostol Alone [2023]
• Australia
  • International Journal of Epidemiology
    • Time trends and characteristics associated with abortion method used by young Australian women [2025]
  • National Health and Medical Research Council
    • Evidence-based practice and policy recommendations regarding early medical abortion: a consensus statement [2020]
  • Queensland Health
    • Termination of pregnancy
  • SA Health
    • Termination of Pregnancy in the First Trimester
    • Termination of Pregnancy and Intrauterine Fetal Death in the Second Trimester
  • WA Health
    • Western Australian Abortion Care Clinical Guidelines
• Australia, New Zealand
  • Journal of Advanced Nursing
    • Exploring Emotional Well-Being and Support of Midwives Who Provide Termination of Pregnancy Care: An International Survey [2025]
  • Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • The use of misoprostol in obstetrics and gynaecology [2024]
    • Clinical Guideline for Abortion Care
• Bangladesh
  • BMC Research Notes
    • Socioeconomic inequalities of pregnancy termination among reproductive age women in Bangladesh: a decomposition analysis using demographic and health survey [2024]
  • Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Bangladesh
    • Bangladesh National Comprehensive Menstrual Regulation (MR) and Post-Abortion Care (PAC) Services Guidelines [2021]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Cost of goods sold analysis and recommendations to reduce costs of co-packaged mifepristone–misoprostol for medical abortion [2020]
• Brazil
  • Cadernos de Saúde Pública
    • Estimation of induced abortions in Brazil: review of the indirect method calculation based on hospital admissions due to abortion complications [2025]
    • Abortion-related complications in Brazil: results from the World Health Organization Multi-country Survey on Abortion (MCS-A) [2025]
  • Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
    • National Abortion Survey - Brazil, 2021 [2023]
    • Abortion and race in Brazil, National Abortion Surveys 2016 to 2021 [2023]
    • The use of misoprostol in the termination of pregnancy: a review of studies carried [2022]
• Burkina Faso
  • Anthropologies of Global Maternal and Reproductive Health
    • The Domestication of Misoprostol for Abortion in Burkina Faso: Interactions Between Caregivers, Drug Vendors and Women [2022]
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Postabortion care service availability, readiness, and access in Burkina Faso: results from linked female-facility cross-sectional data [2024]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Induced abortion incidence and safety in Burkina Faso in 2020: Results from a population-based survey using direct and social network-based estimation approaches [2022]
  • Studies in Family Planning
    • Social Network-Based Induced Abortion Incidence Estimation in Burkina Faso: Examining the Impact of the Network Generating Question [2022]
• Cambodia
  • BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health
    • A prospective, comparative study of clinical outcomes following clinic-based versus self-use of medical abortion [2023]
• Canada
  • BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health
    • Nurse practitioner medication abortion providers in Canada: results from a national survey [2025]
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • First-trimester surgical abortion practice in Canada in 2012 [2023]
    • Abortion remains absent from family medicine training in Canada [2018]
    • First-trimester medical abortion practices in Canada: National survey [2016]
    • Abortion health services in Canada: Results of a 2012 national survey [2016]
  • CMAJ Open
    • Abortion services and providers in Canada in 2019: results of a national survey [2022]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Induced Abortion: Surgical Abortion and Second Trimester Medical Methods [2018]
    • Medical Abortion [2016]
    • Abortion
• Canada, United States
  • PLoS ONE
    • First trimester medication abortion practice in the United States and Canada [2017]
• China
  • Advances in Therapy
    • Post Abortion Care and Management After Induced Abortion During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Chinese Expert Consensus [2021]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Recent trend and correlates of induced abortion in China: evidence from the 2017 China Fertility Survey [2022]
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Prevalence of induced abortion among Chinese women aged 18-49 years: Findings from three cross-sectional studies [2022]
  • Nursing Open
    • Psychosocial intervention programme based on the needs of women undergoing termination of pregnancy for foetal anomalies: A modified Delphi study [2024]
• Democratic Republic of Congo
  • Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters
    • Estimating induced abortion incidence and the use of non-recommended abortion methods and sources in two provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kinshasa and Kongo Central) in 2021: results from population-based, cross-sectional surveys of reproductive-aged women [2023]
• Denmark
  • American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • Medication and procedural abortions before 13 weeks gestation and risk of psychiatric disorders [2024]
  • Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada
    • Lifetime Induced Abortions and Live Births: A 40-Year Historical Cohort Study [2024]
• Denmark, Finland, Netherlands
  • Birth Defects Research
    • The quality and the accuracy of codes for terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomalies recorded in hospital databases in three countries in northern Europe [2023]
• East Africa
  • PLoS ONE
    • Pooled prevalence and associated factors of pregnancy termination among youth aged 15-24 year women in East Africa: Multilevel level analysis [2023]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Employing machine learning models to predict pregnancy termination among adolescent and young women aged 15-24 years in East Africa [2024]
• Estonia
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Abortion trends from 1996 to 2011 in Estonia: special emphasis on repeat abortion [2014]
• Ethiopia
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Client satisfaction with abortion care service and its associated factors among women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • BMJ Open
    • Prevalence and determinants of pregnancy termination in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • Heliyon
    • The level and deriving factors of repeat-induced abortion in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]
  • Ministry of Health Ethiopia
    • Technical and Procedural Guideline for Abortion Care Services in Ethiopia [2023]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Induced abortion among female students in higher education institutions in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
• Europe
  • European Journal of Public Health
    • Austerity and Abortion in the European Union [2016]
  • European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
    • Induced abortion [2017]
  • WHO European Region
    • Abortions per 1000 live births
• Finland
  • Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
    • Fear of childbirth after induced abortion in primiparous women: Population-based register study from Finland [2024]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Perinatal outcomes after induced termination of pregnancy by methods: A nationwide register-based study of first births in Finland 1996–2013 [2017]
  • Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare
    • Factors influencing the risk of repeat termination of pregnancy: A register-based study in Finland [2023]
• France
  • PLoS ONE
    • Medication abortion during the COVID-19 pandemic in France: A research based on the French national health insurance database [2024]
• Georgia
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • The impact of COVID-19-related restrictions on pregnancy and abortion rates in the Republic of Georgia [2023]
• Germany
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Assessment of relevance and actual implementation of person-centeredness in healthcare and social support services for women with unintended pregnancy in Germany (CarePreg): results of expert workshops [2024]
  • Deutsches Ärzteblatt International
    • Terminations of Pregnancy in the Pandemic Years 2020-2022 Compared to 2011-2019 [2024]
• Ghana
  • BMC Public Health
    • Individual and community-level factors associated with repeat induced abortion among women in Ghana: a multivariable complex sample logistic regression analysis of 2017 Ghana maternal health survey [2024]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Determinants of abortion among women of reproductive age in Ghana: multilevel analysis evidence from the 2022 Ghana demographic and health survey [2025]
  • Nursing Open
    • Assessment of socio demographic factors on termination of pregnancy in Ghana [2024]
• Honduras
  • International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
    • Changes in the use of manual vacuum aspiration for postabortion care within the public healthcare service network in Honduras [2014]
• India
  • BMJ Global Health
    • Incidence of treatment for postabortion complications in India, 2015 [2020]
  • Federation of Obstetric and Gynecological Societies of India
    • MTP Upto and Beyond 24 Weeks’ Gestation [2024]
  • Global Public Health
    • The transformative terrain: An in-depth analysis of trends in self-managed abortion in India using NFHS-5 national data [2025]
  • Ministry of Health and Family Welfare India
    • Comprehensive Abortion Care [2023]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Landscape assessment of the availability of medical abortion medicines in India [2024]
• Indonesia
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Pregnancy Termination Among Women of Reproductive Age: Evidence from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey [2025]
• International
  • Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Early medical abortion [2025]
  • BMJ Global Health
    • Measuring availability of and facility readiness to deliver comprehensive abortion care: experiences and lessons learnt from integrating abortion into WHO's health facility assessments [2024]
    • Inclusion of abortion-related care in national health benefit packages: results from a WHO global survey [2023]
    • Country-specific estimates of unintended pregnancy and abortion incidence: a global comparative analysis of levels in 2015–2019 [2022]
    • Beyond safety: the 2022 WHO abortion guidelines and the future of abortion safety measurement [2022]
    • Abortion metrics: a scoping review of abortion measures and indicators [2021]
  • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
    • Medical methods for first trimester abortion [2022]
    • Self-administered versus provider-administered medical abortion [2020]
  • Contraception
    • Standardizing abortion research outcomes (STAR): Results from an international consensus development study [2021]
  • European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
    • The tools used to assess psychological symptoms in women and their partners after termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly: A scoping review [2023]
  • International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    • FIGO Mifepristone & Misoprostol and Misoprostol Only Dosing Charts 2023 [2023]
    • Abortifacient Product Quality [2021]
    • Abortion Access and Safety with COVID-19 [2020]
    • FIGO Committee Statement: Ethical responsibilities in post-abortion care [2019]
  • International Planned Parenthood Federation
    • IMAP Statement Abortion Self-Care [2021]
    • IMAP statement on medical abortion [2018]
  • Ipas
    • Medical Abortion Reference Guide: Induced abortion and postabortion care at or after 13 weeks gestation (‘second trimester’) [2018]
    • Postabortion care
  • Journal of Family & Reproductive Health
    • The Economic Burden of Abortion and Its Complication Treatment Cares: A Systematic Review [2020]
  • Lancet
    • Global, regional, and subregional classification of abortions by safety, 2010–14: estimates from a Bayesian hierarchical model [2017]
  • Médecins Sans Frontières
    • Termination of pregnancy [2019]
  • Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health
    • Motivations for Abortion or Continuation of an Unwanted Pregnancy: A Scoping Review of the Global Literature [2025]
  • PLoS ONE
    • The economics of abortion and its links with stigma: A secondary analysis from a scoping review on the economics of abortion [2021]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Telemedicine for the provision of medication abortion to pregnant people at up to twelve weeks of pregnancy: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis [2024]
    • Measuring abortion-related mortality: challenges and opportunities [2015]
  • Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare
    • Midwifery care for late termination of pregnancy: Integrative review [2023]
  • Social Science & Medicine
    • Women's experiences of facility-based abortion care: A WHO qualitative evidence synthesis [2025]
  • Women's Health
    • Health providers' reasons for participating in abortion care: A scoping review [2024]
• Iran
  • PLoS ONE
    • Intentional abortion and its associated factors among female sex workers in Iran: Results from national bio-behavioral surveillance-2020 [2022]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Model of Care - Termination of Pregnancy Services [2023]
    • Investigation and Management of Complications of Early Termination of Pregnancy [2022]
• Israel
  • Ministry of Health Israel
    • Abortion Procedures
• Ivory Coast
  • PLoS ONE
    • Induced abortion incidence and safety in Côte d'Ivoire [2020]
• Kenya
  • BMC Public Health
    • Factors associated with repeat induced abortion in Kenya [2015]
  • Women's Health
    • Pregnancy termination and determinant factors among women of reproductive age in Kenya, evidence from Kenyan Demographic and Health Survey 2022: Multilevel analysis [2024]
• Kyrgyzstan
  • Contraception
    • Provision of medical abortion by midlevel healthcare providers in Kyrgyzstan: testing an intervention to expand safe abortion services to underserved rural and periurban areas [2018]
• Latin America
  • Cadernos de Saúde Pública
    • Abortion and the COVID-19 pandemic: insights for Latin America Abortion and the COVID-19 pandemic: insights for Latin America [2021]
• Latin America and the Caribbean
  • BMJ Global Health
    • Abortion-related morbidity in six Latin American and Caribbean countries: findings of the WHO/HRP multi-country survey on abortion (MCS-A) [2021]
• Latin America and the Caribbean, Sub-Saharan Africa
  • BMJ Global Health
    • What’s needed to improve safety and quality of abortion care: reflections from WHO/HRP Multi-Country Study on Abortion across the sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America and Caribbean regions [2021]
• Low and middle income countries
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Facility-based treatment for medical complications resulting from unsafe pregnancy termination in the developing world, 2012: a review of evidence from 26 countries [2016]
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • The cost of post-abortion care (PAC): a systematic review [2022]
  • Journal of Global Health
    • Assessing health systems' capacities to provide post-abortion care: insights from seven low- and middle-income countries [2025]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Availability of medical abortion medicines in eight countries: a descriptive analysis of key findings and opportunities [2023]
  • Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters
    • Men’s involvement in women’s abortion-related care: a scoping review of evidence from low- and middle-income countries [2022]
• Malawi
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Costs of postabortion care in public sector health facilities in Malawi: a cross-sectional survey [2015]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Maternal Mortality from Induced Abortion in Malawi: What Does the Latest Evidence Suggest? [2021]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Decrease in Use of Manual Vacuum Aspiration in Postabortion Care in Malawi: A Cross-Sectional Study from Three Public Hospitals, 2008–2012 [2014]
• Mexico
  • BMC Public Health
    • Public hospital-based care for abortive events in Mexico: complication rates and socio-demographic factors, 2018-2022 [2025]
• New Zealand
  • Ministry of Health New Zealand
    • Standard for Abortion Counselling Aotearoa New Zealand [2022]
    • New Zealand Aotearoa Abortion Clinical Guideline [2021]
    • Abortion annual reports
• Niger
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Postabortion care availability, readiness, and accessibility in Niger in 2022: results from linked facility-female cross-sectional data [2023]
• Nigeria
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Trends in and predictors of pregnancy termination among 15–24 year-old women in Nigeria: a multi-level analysis of demographic and health surveys 2003–2018 [2020]
  • BMJ Global Health
    • Inequities in the incidence and safety of abortion in Nigeria [2020]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Trends in misoprostol use and abortion complications: A cross-sectional study from nine referral hospitals in Nigeria [2018]
• Norway
  • International Journal of Epidemiology
    • Implementing medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol in Norway 1998–2013 [2016]
• Pakistan
  • BMJ Global Health
    • Abortion and unintended pregnancy in Pakistan: new evidence for 2023 and trends over the past decade [2025]
  • Guttmacher Institute
    • Postabortion Care in Pakistan: 2023 Assessment of the Health System’s Capacity to Provide Care [2024]
  • Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters
    • An assessment of facility readiness for comprehensive abortion care in 12 districts of Pakistan using the WHO Service Availability and Readiness Assessment tool [2023]
  • Studies in Family Planning
    • Induced Abortions and Unintended Pregnancies in Pakistan [2014]
• Sierra Leone
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Determinants of induced abortion among women of reproductive age: evidence from the 2013 and 2019 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey [2023]
• South Africa
  • World Health Organization
    • What health-care providers say on providing abortion care in Cape Town, South Africa: findings from a qualitative study: social science policy brief [2010]
• Sri Lanka
  • PLoS ONE
    • Factors associated with terminated pregnancies in Sri Lanka: A case study of the Sri Lankan Demographic and health survey (DHS) 2016 [2024]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • BMC Public Health
    • Health care providers’ perceptions of and attitudes towards induced abortions in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia: a systematic literature review of qualitative and quantitative data [2015]
  • BMJ Global Health
    • Understanding abortion-related complications in health facilities: results from WHO multicountry survey on abortion (MCS-A) across 11 sub-Saharan African countries [2021]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Induced abortion in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
    • Individual and contextual factors associated with abortion among reproductive age women in sub-Saharan Africa: Insights from 24 recent demographic and health surveys [2024]
  • Reproductive Health
    • A descriptive summary of the WHO availability assessments of medical abortion medicines in eight African countries [2024]
• Sweden
  • Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
    • Contraceptive use among women seeking an early induced abortion in Sweden [2023]
  • Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services
    • Home use of mifepristone for medical abortion: a systematic review [2024]
• Switzerland
  • Scientific Reports
    • First trimester abortion protocols by facility type in Switzerland and potential barriers to accessing the service [2023]
• Tanzania
  • BMC Public Health
    • Prevalence and determinants of pregnancy termination for childbearing women using the modified Poisson regression model: a cross-sectional study of the Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) 2022 [2025]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Incidence of Induced Abortion and Post-Abortion Care in Tanzania [2015]
• Thailand
  • Reproductive Health
    • A survey of manual vacuum aspiration’s experiences among the new medical graduates in Thailand [2013]
• Uganda
  • African Health Sciences
    • Application of a modified Poisson model in identifying factors associated with prevalence of pregnancy termination among women aged 15 - 49 years in Uganda [2022]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Estimating the Costs of Induced Abortion in Uganda: A Model-Based Analysis [2011]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Incidence of Induced Abortion in Uganda, 2013: New Estimates Since 2003 [2016]
• United Kingdom
  • Department of Health and Social Care
    • Abortion statistics: protocol for the release of personal data
    • Abortion statistics, England and Wales
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Abortion care [2025]
    • Abortion care (Quality standard) [2021]
    • Termination of pregnancy services
  • NHS England
    • Abortion care [2025]
    • Provision of NHS termination of pregnancy centres for patients presenting with medical complexity and/or significant co-morbidities requiring NHS treatment [2021]
  • Public Health Scotland
    • Termination of pregnancy statistics
  • Reproductive Sciences
    • Feticide Before Termination of Pregnancy in Singleton Pregnancy - Trends in England and Wales 2012-2020, a Cross-sectional Study [2024]
  • Right Decisions
    • Medical Termination of Pregnancy Protocol
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Best practice in telemedicine for abortion care [2022]
    • Best practice in post-abortion care [2022]
    • Best practice in abortion care [2022]
    • Clinical Guidelines for Early Medical Abortion at Home – England [2019]
  • Scottish Government
    • Telemedicine early medical abortion at home: evaluation [2023]
• United States
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Updated Mifepristone REMS Requirements [2023]
    • Medication Abortion Up to 70 Days of Gestation: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 225 [2020]
    • Abortion Training and Education [2014]
  • American Family Physician
    • Medical Methods for First-Trimester Abortion [2023]
  • American Journal of Public Health
    • Patient Acceptability of Telehealth Medication Abortion Care in the United States, 2021-2022: A Cohort Study [2024]
    • Population Group Abortion Rates and Lifetime Incidence of Abortion: United States, 2008-2014 [2022]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Abortion Surveillance — United States, 2022 [2024]
  • Contraception
    • Deception by obfuscation: Studnicki et al.'s retracted longitudinal cohort study of emergency room utilization following abortion [2024]
    • Characteristics of people obtaining medication vs procedural abortions in clinical settings in the United States: Findings from the 2021-2022 Abortion Patient Survey [2023]
    • Awareness of medication abortion among a nationally representative U.S. sample, 2021-2022 [2023]
  • JAMA Internal Medicine
    • Mail-Order Pharmacy Dispensing of Mifepristone for Medication Abortion After In-Person Screening [2024]
    • Workforce Providing Abortion Care and Management of Pregnancy Loss in the US [2022]
  • JAMA Network Open
    • Differences in Abortion Use by Sexual Orientation in 3 National Cohorts [2025]
    • Prevalence of Self-Managed Abortion Among Women of Reproductive Age in the United States [2020]
  • Journal of Primary Care & Community Health
    • Estimating the Period Prevalence of Publicly Funded Abortion to Space Live Births, 1999 to 2014 [2021]
  • National Abortion Federation
    • Quality/Standards
  • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
    • The Safety and Quality of Abortion Care in the United States [2018]
  • Nature Medicine
    • Effectiveness and safety of telehealth medication abortion in the USA [2024]
  • Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health
    • Abortion incidence and service availability in the United States, 2020 [2022]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Access experiences and attitudes toward abortion among youth experiencing homelessness in the United States: A systematic review [2021]
  • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine
    • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Special Statement: Maternal-fetal medicine subspecialist survey on abortion training and service provision [2021]
  • Society of Family Planning
    • Society of Family Planning Clinical Recommendation: Management of hemorrhage at the time of abortion [2024]
    • Society of Family Planning Clinical Recommendation: Induction of fetal asystole before abortion Jointly developed with the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine [2024]
    • Society of Family Planning Committee Statement: Abortion nomenclature [2023]
    • Society of Family Planning Clinical Recommendation: Medication abortion between 14 0/7 and 27 6/7 weeks of gestation: Jointly developed with the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine [2023]
    • Society of Family Planning clinical recommendations: Pain control in surgical abortion part 2 - Moderate sedation, deep sedation, and general anesthesia [2021]
    • Society of Family Planning clinical recommendations: Management of individuals with bleeding or thrombotic disorders undergoing abortion [2021]
    • Society of Family Planning clinical recommendations: Cervical preparation for dilation and evacuation at 20-24 weeks' gestation [2020]
    • Medication Abortion Up to 70 Days of Gestation [2020]
    • Society of Family Planning clinical guidelines: pain control in surgical abortion part 1 — local anesthesia and minimal sedation [2018]
    • Society of Family Planning clinical guidelines pain control in surgical abortion part 1 - local anesthesia and minimal sedation [2018]
    • Medical abortion reporting of efficacy: the MARE guidelines [2016]
    • Cervical dilation before first-trimester surgical abortion (<14 weeks' gestation) [2016]
    • Medical management of first-trimester abortion [2014]
    • Cervical preparation for second-trimester surgical abortion prior to 20 weeks' gestation [2014]
    • Surgical abortion prior to 7 weeks of gestation [2013]
    • Management of postabortion hemorrhage [2013]
    • Interruption of nonviable pregnancies of 24–28 weeks' gestation using medical methods [2013]
    • First-trimester abortion in women with medical conditions [2012]
    • Prevention of infection after induced abortion [2011]
    • Labor induction abortion in the second trimester [2011]
    • Induction of fetal demise before abortion [2010]
  • StatPearls
    • Misoprostol
    • Mifepristone
  • Women's Health Issues
    • Interest in and Support for Alternative Models of Medication Abortion Provision Among Patients Seeking Abortion in the United States [2024]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Clinical practice handbook for quality abortion care [2023]
    • WHO recommendations on self-care interventions: self-management of medical abortion, 2022 update [2022]
    • Abortion care guideline [2022]
    • Self-management of medical abortion [2020]
    • Preventing unsafe abortion: Evidence brief [2019]
    • Medical management of abortion [2018]
    • Expanding health worker roles for safe abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy [2016]
    • Health worker roles in providing safe abortion care and post-abortion contraception [2015]
    • Overview of abortion cases with severe maternal outcomes in the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health: a descriptive analysis [2014]
    • Clinical practice handbook for safe abortion [2014]
    • The World Health Organization’s Safe Abortion Guidance Document [2013]
    • Safe abortion: technical and policy guidance for health systems [2012]
    • Unsafe abortion: global and regional estimates of incidence of unsafe abortion and associated mortality in 2008 [2011]
    • Unsafe abortion - Global and regional estimates of the incidence of unsafe abortion and associated mortality in 2003 - 5th edition [2007]
    • Abortion: Fact sheet
    • Abortion (WHO Mortality Database)
    • Abortion
• WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
  • Reproductive Health
    • Access to mifepristone, misoprostol, and contraceptive medicines in eight countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: descriptive analyses of country-level assessments [2024]
• WHO South-East Asia Region
  • Reproductive Health
    • Strengthening regional commitment to ensuring access to medical abortion medicines in WHO's South-East Asia region: report of a participatory assessment and workshop [2024]
  • WHO South-East Asia Region
    • Comprehensive abortion care – Teacher’s Manual for medical undergraduates [2024]
    • Second Trimester Abortion: Pocket Book for Health-Care Providers [2023]
    • Comprehensive Abortion Care: A Health Facility Assessment Tool [2023]
    • First Trimester Abortion - Pocket Book for Health Care Providers [2022]
    • Access to medical abortion medicines in the South-East Asia Region - a status report [2021]
• Zambia
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Signal functions for measuring the ability of health facilities to provide abortion services: an illustrative analysis using a health facility census in Zambia [2016]
• Zimbabwe
  • BMJ Open
    • Severity and management of postabortion complications among women in Zimbabwe, 2016: a cross-sectional study [2018]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Postpartum and postabortion contraception
    • Family planning, contraception
    • Ethics, jurisprudence: sexual and reproductive health and rights
    • Ethics, jurisprudence: fetus, newborn
    • Adolescent pregnancy
    • Adolescent contraception
    • Abortion law

Injectable contraceptives

• Australia
  • WA Health
    • Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) Administration
• Burkina Faso
  • Frontiers in Global Women's Health
    • Determinants of DMPA-SC self-care/self-injectable contraceptive uptake among modern contraceptive users in Burkina Faso: findings from the 2021 demographic and health survey [2024]
• Ghana
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • What Distinguishes Women Who Choose to Self-Inject? A Prospective Cohort Study of Subcutaneous Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Users in Ghana [2022]
• Guatemala
  • World Health Organization
    • Community-based providers in rural Guatemala can provide the injectable contraceptive DMPA safely : Social science policy brief [2009]
• India
  • Ministry of Health and Family Welfare India
    • Reference manual for injectable contraceptive (MPA) [2016]
  • United Nations Population Fund
    • Frequently Asked Questions by ASHAs about DMPA: Depot Medroxy Progesterone Acetate [2018]
• International
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Self-administration of injectable contraceptives: a systematic review [2017]
  • BMJ Global Health
    • Self-administration of injectable contraception: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]
  • Contraception
    • The safety of subcutaneously administered depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (104mg/0.65mL): A systematic review [2016]
  • Systematic Reviews
    • Implementation strategies to scale up self-administered depot medroxyprogesterone acetate subcutaneous injectable contraception: a scoping review [2023]
• Kenya
  • Frontiers in Global Women's Health
    • Moving policy to practice: role of advocacy in enabling provision of injectable contraceptives by pharmacists in Kenya [2023]
  • Journal of Family & Reproductive Health
    • Multiple Logistic Regression Model for Determinants of Injectable Contraceptive Uptake Among Women of Reproductive Age in Kenya [2021]
• Kenya, Rwanda
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Policy and programmatic considerations for introducing a longer-acting injectable contraceptive: perspectives of stakeholders from Kenya and Rwanda [2014]
• Malawi
  • PLOS Global Public Health
    • Health care provider and client experiences of counselling on depot medroxyprogesterone acetate subcutaneous (DMPA-SC) for self-injection in Malawi [2023]
• Nigeria
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Scale-up of the DMPA-SC in Nigeria: Why policy matters [2022]
• Norway
  • Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
    • Decreasing trends in number of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate starters in Norway – a cross-sectional study [2018]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • BMJ Global Health
    • Self-injected contraceptives: does the investment reflect women's preferences? [2022]
  • FHI 360
    • Guidance for Monitoring and Evaluation of Community-Based Access to Injectable Contraception [2018]
  • Human Resources for Health
    • Provision of injectable contraceptives by community health workers in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of safety, acceptability and effectiveness [2022]
• Uganda
  • Journal of Adolescent Health
    • Adolescent and Youth Experiences With Contraceptive Self-Injection in Uganda: Results From the Uganda Self-Injection Best Practices Project [2023]
• United Kingdom
  • Faculty of Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare
    • Progestogen-only Injectables
• United States
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and Bone Effects [2014]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Update to U.S. Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use: Self-Administration of Subcutaneous Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate [2021]
    • Injectables
  • Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health
    • Evidence-Based Guidance for Self-Administration of Injectable Contraception [2021]
  • LactMed
    • Medroxyprogesterone Acetate
  • Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • The Role of Subcutaneous Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate in Equitable Contraceptive Care [2021]
  • Society of Family Planning
    • Society of Family Planning committee consensus on self-administration of subcutaneous depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-SC) [2022]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Self-administration of injectable contraception, 2022 update [2022]
    • Self-administration of injectable contraception [2020]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Hormonal contraception
    • Family planning, contraception

Intrauterine device (IUD)

• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • GPs’ perspectives on prescribing intrauterine contraceptive devices [2017]
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • Models of care for intrauterine device provision in Australian general practice [2023]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • The levonorgestrel intrauterine device in Australia: analysis of prescribing data 2008–2012 [2018]
  • Royal Australian College of General Practitioners
    • Intrauterine devices/systems – Resources for general practice
• Brazil
  • Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP
    • Women's knowledge about Intrauterine Device and user satisfaction in Brazil: a systematic review [2025]
• Canada
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Routine Pathology for Intrauterine Devices and Therapeutic Abortion: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness, and Guidelines [2019]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Statement on Intrauterine Devices, Counselling and Pain Management [2022]
    • Canadian Contraception Consensus (Part 3 of 4): Chapter 7 – Intrauterine Contraception [2016]
    • Best Practices to Minimize Risk of Infection With Intrauterine Device Insertion [2014]
• Denmark
  • JAMA
    • Ectopic Pregnancy Risk in Users of Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine Systems With 52, 19.5, and 13.5 mg of Hormone [2023]
  • Stroke
    • Risk of Stroke in Women Using Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine Device for Contraception [2024]
• Ethiopia
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Expanding Access to the Intrauterine Device in Public Health Facilities in Ethiopia: A Mixed-Methods Study [2016]
• Europe
  • Contraception
    • Risk of uterine perforation with levonorgestrel-releasing and copper intrauterine devices in the European Active Surveillance Study on Intrauterine Devices [2015]
• Finland
  • American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • Metabolomics profile of 5649 users and nonusers of hormonal intrauterine devices in Finland [2022]
• France
  • International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
    • Profiles of copper intrauterine devices and levonorgestrel intrauterine systems users in France in 2019: A national observational population-based study [2023]
  • JAMA
    • Association Between Doses of Levonorgestrel Intrauterine Systems and Subsequent Use of Psychotropic Drugs in France [2023]
• Germany
  • Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care
    • Contraception: Comparison of hormonal IUD and copper IUD [2023]
• International
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Discontinuation rates of intrauterine contraception due to unfavourable bleeding: a systematic review [2022]
  • BMJ Open
    • Systematic review of copper intrauterine contraception continuation in young nulliparous women based on intrauterine device type [2022]
  • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
    • Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine-device use [2022]
  • Contraception
    • Recap of the sixth international symposium on intrauterine devices and systems for women's health [2022]
    • Worldwide use of intrauterine contraception: a review [2014]
  • EClinicalMedicine
    • Contraception with levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system versus copper intrauterine device: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [2024]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Provider and lay perspectives on intra-uterine contraception: a global review [2017]
  • United Nations Population Fund
    • The TCu380A Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (IUD): Specification, Prequalification and Guidelines for Procurement, 2010 [2010]
  • Updates in Surgery
    • In-office hysteroscopic removal of retained or fragmented intrauterine device without anesthesia: a cross-sectional analysis of an international survey [2022]
• Iran
  • Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
    • Intrauterine device survival in Iranian women: systematic review and meta-analysis [2015]
• Kenya
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Expanding Access to a New, More Affordable Levonorgestrel Intrauterine System in Kenya: Service Delivery Costs Compared With Other Contraceptive Methods and Perspectives of Key Opinion Leaders [2016]
    • Introduction of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system in Kenya through mobile outreach: review of service statistics and provider perspectives [2014]
• Low and middle income countries
  • BMC Public Health
    • Expanding choice and access in contraception: an assessment of intrauterine contraception policies in low and middle-income countries [2019]
  • Contraception
    • The promotion of intrauterine contraception in low- and middle-income countries: a narrative review [2017]
• Nepal
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Knowledge and perceptions of the intrauterine device among family planning providers in Nepal: a cross-sectional analysis by cadre and sector [2015]
• Netherlands
  • BMC Primary Care
    • Regional variation in health care substitution for intrauterine device insertion: a retrospective cohort study [2024]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • What Have We Learned? Implementation of a Shared Learning Agenda and Access Strategy for the Hormonal Intrauterine Device [2022]
• Sweden
  • American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • Association of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device with gynecologic and breast cancers: a national cohort study in Sweden [2024]
  • Contraception
    • Characteristics and hormonal contraception use patterns of levonorgestrel 13.5 mg intrauterine device users in Sweden 2014-2016 [2024]
  • Public Understanding of Science
    • On the verge between the scientific and the alternative: Swedish women's claims about systemic side effects of the copper intrauterine device [2023]
• United Kingdom
  • Faculty of Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare
    • Intrauterine Contraception
  • Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
    • Intrauterine contraception: uterine perforation—updated information on risk factors [2015]
• United States
  • American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • Best practices for reducing pain associated with intrauterine device placement [2025]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Intrauterine Contraception
    • Classifications for Intrauterine Devices
  • Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy
    • Descriptive study of the real-world, long-term cost estimates and duration of use for hormonal and nonhormonal intrauterine devices using US commercial insurance claims [2023]
  • Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners
    • A clinical guideline for intrauterine device use in adolescents [2012]
  • Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
    • Practical Recommendations for Minimizing Pain and Anxiety with IUD Insertion [2024]
    • Evidence-Based Selection of Candidates for the Levonorgestrel Intrauterine Device (IUD) [2014]
  • Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • Risks of Uterine Perforation and Expulsion Associated With Intrauterine Devices [2023]
    • Demographic, Reproductive, and Medical Risk Factors for Intrauterine Device Expulsion [2022]
  • Patient preference and adherence
    • Understanding benefits and addressing misperceptions and barriers to intrauterine device access among populations in the United States [2014]
  • PLoS ONE
    • National assessment on the frequency of pain medication prescribed for intrauterine device insertion procedures within the Veterans Affairs Health Care System [2025]
  • Society of Family Planning
    • Society of Family Planning Committee statement on IUD nomenclature [2022]
    • Use of intrauterine devices in nulliparous women [2017]
    • Use of the Mirena LNG-IUS and Paragard CuT380A intrauterine devices in nulliparous women [2010]
  • StatPearls
    • Intrauterine Device Placement and Removal
  • Ultrasonography
    • Ultrasonography of intrauterine devices [2015]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO statement on levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device nomenclature [2021]
• Zambia
  • BMC Women's Health
    • What are the prospects for the hormonal IUD in the public sector? A mixed-method study of the user population in Zambia [2022]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Postpartum and postabortion contraception
    • Hormonal contraception
    • Family planning, contraception

Long-acting reversible contraception

• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • LARCs as first-line contraception – What can general practitioners advise young women? [2017]
    • Contraception: LARCs first? [2017]
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • Long-acting reversible contraceptives: New evidence to support clinical practice [2022]
  • Australian Prescriber
    • Choosing non-oral, long-acting reversible contraception [2016]
  • Journal of the National Cancer Institute
    • Long-acting, progestin-based contraceptives and risk of breast, gynecological, and other cancers [2025]
• Brazil
  • Clinics
    • The economic impact of Long-Acting Contraceptives (LARCs) on public health [2025]
  • Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
    • Long-Acting Reversible Contraception [2017]
• Cambodia
  • WHO Western Pacific Region
    • Cambodia: identifying actions for scaling up long-acting reversible contraceptives [2017]
• Canada
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • Extended duration of use of long-acting reversible contraceptives: Systematic review [2025]
• East Africa
  • PLoS ONE
    • Utilization of long-acting contraceptive methods and associated factor among women of reproductive age in East Africa: A multi-level analysis of recent Demographic and Health Surveys [2025]
• Ethiopia
  • BMJ Open
    • Trends and factors influencing long-acting contraceptive utilisation among contraceptive users in Ethiopia: repeated cross-sectional study [2021]
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Discontinuation of long acting reversible contraceptive use and its determinants among women in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
  • Geospatial Health
    • Geographic distribution and demographic factors associated with use of a long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) in Ethiopia [2025]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Long-acting reversible and permanent contraceptives utilization and its associated factors among married women who desire no more children in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis [2025]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Practice and Intention to use long acting and permanent contraceptive methods among married women in Ethiopia: Systematic meta-analysis [2016]
  • Systematic Reviews
    • Barriers and facilitators of acceptability and uptake of long-acting reversible contraceptives in Ethiopia: a systematic review using the COM-B model [2025]
• Ghana
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Women's sexual empowerment and utilization of long-acting reversible contraceptives in Ghana: evidence from the 2014 demographic and health survey [2023]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Evaluation of immediate and sustained effects of transitioning quality long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) services to public sector health facilities in Ghana: a pre-post intervention study [2025]
• India
  • Federation of Obstetric and Gynecological Societies of India
    • Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARC) [2024]
• Indonesia, Philippines
  • BMC Public Health
    • Barriers for multiparous women to using long-term contraceptive methods in Southeast Asia: case study in Philippines and Indonesia [2022]
• Latin America and the Caribbean
  • Lancet Global Health
    • Contraceptive use in Latin America and the Caribbean with a focus on long-acting reversible contraceptives: prevalence and inequalities in 23 countries [2019]
• Malaysia
  • Federation of Reproductive Health Associations, Malaysia
    • Long Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARC) Guidelines for Malaysia [2016]
• New Zealand
  • Ministry of Health New Zealand
    • Long-acting Reversible Contraception: Health Practitioner Training Principles and Standards [2022]
• Papua New Guinea
  • WHO Western Pacific Region
    • Papua New Guinea : actions for scaling up long-acting reversible contraception [2017]
• Senegal
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Mentoring, Task Sharing, and Community Outreach Through the TutoratPlus Approach: Increasing Use of Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives in Senegal [2016]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • BMC Public Health
    • Prevalence and factors associated with the use of long-acting reversible and permanent contraceptive methods among women who desire no more children in high fertility countries in sub-saharan Africa [2022]
  • International Health
    • Prevalence and predictors of long-acting reversible contraceptive use among sexually active women in 26 sub-Saharan African countries [2022]
• United Kingdom
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Long-acting reversible contraception [2019]
  • Prescriber
    • Choice and use of long-acting reversible contraceptives [2023]
• United States
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Increasing Access to Intrauterine Devices and Contraceptive Implants [2023]
    • Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Implants and Intrauterine Devices [2017]
    • Clinical Challenges of Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptive Methods [2016]
    • Long-Acting Reversible Contraception
  • Medical Surveillance Monthly Report
    • Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptive Use, Active Component Service Women, U.S. Armed Forces, 2016–2020 [2021]
  • Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • Contraceptive Method Switching and Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Removal in U.S. Safety Net Clinics, 2016-2021 [2023]
  • Open Access Journal of Contraception
    • Review of Publicly Available State Reimbursement Policies for Removal and Reinsertion of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception [2024]
  • Preventive Medicine
    • Counseling and provision of long-acting reversible contraception in the US: National survey of nurse practitioners [2013]
  • Preventive Medicine Reports
    • Employment Status in the United States and Use of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception or Moderately Effective Contraception before and after the Affordable Care Act: National Survey of Family Growth 2006-2010 and 2015-2017 [2023]
  • Society of Family Planning
    • Society of Family Planning clinical recommendation: Extended use of long-acting reversible contraception [2022]
  • Women's Health Issues
    • Mapping Long-acting Reversible Contraceptive Interventions to the Social Ecological Model: A Scoping Review [2023]
    • Are LARC Users Less Likely to Use Condoms? An Analysis of U.S. Women Initiating LARC in 2008-2018 [2022]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Postpartum and postabortion contraception
    • Family planning, contraception
    • Adolescent contraception

Male contraception, men and family planning

• Ethiopia
  • Contraception and Reproductive Medicine
    • Determinants of modern contraceptive use among sexually active men in Ethiopia; using EDHS 2016 national survey [2020]
  • Women's Health
    • Prevalence and determinants of the involvement of married men in family planning services in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
• Europe, United States
  • European Academy of Andrology
    • Practice and development of male contraception: European Academy of Andrology and American Society of Andrology guidelines [2024]
• France
  • Basic and Clinical Andrology
    • Hormonal, chemical and thermal inhibition of spermatogenesis: contribution of French teams to international data with the aim of developing male contraception in France [2017]
• Indonesia
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Reassessing the level and implications of male involvement in family planning in Indonesia [2023]
• International
  • Andrology
    • The role of the World Health Organization in male contraceptive development [2024]
    • Special Issue: Male Contraception Current Perspectives [2024]
  • Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Continuing the search for a hormonal male contraceptive [2020]
  • Contraception
    • The impact of male contraception on global sexual and reproductive health and rights [2025]
    • Development of a transdermal gel for reversible male contraception [2025]
  • Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity
    • Testosterone and male contraception [2024]
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • Hormonal Male Contraception: Getting to Market [2022]
  • Gynecological and Reproductive Endocrinology and Metabolism
    • Contraceptive methods for men: an unmet need [2023]
  • Journal of Clinical Medicine
    • Male Hormonal Contraception-Current Stage of Knowledge [2025]
  • Therapeutic Advances in Reproductive Health
    • Emerging concepts in male contraception: a narrative review of novel, hormonal and non-hormonal options [2023]
• Low and middle income countries
  • JMA Journal
    • Evaluating the Effectiveness of Educational Interventions in Family Planning for Men in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review [2024]
• Nepal
  • BMC Public Health
    • Association of men's contraceptive knowledge, attitude and behavior with modern contraceptive use: evidence from Nepal demographic health survey 2022 [2025]
• Nigeria
  • Pan African Medical Journal
    • Nigerian men and modern contraceptives: who are the non-users and what are their perceptions about family planning? [2023]
• Pakistan
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Role of husband’s attitude towards the usage of contraceptives for unmet need of family planning among married women of reproductive age in Pakistan [2021]
• South Africa
  • BMC Public Health
    • Socioeconomic determinants of male contraceptive use in South Africa: a secondary analysis of the 2016 SADHS data [2024]
• United Kingdom
  • Public Health
    • A comprehensive overview by region of condoms, natural family planning, and spermicide as a contraceptive method among men aged 13-54 years attending contraceptive services in England [2023]
• United States
  • American Journal of Public Health
    • National Needs of Family Planning Among US Men Aged 15 to 44 Years [2016]
  • Basic and Clinical Andrology
    • Male contraception: narrative review of ongoing research [2023]
  • Contraception
    • The demand for male contraception: Estimating the potential market for users of novel male contraceptive methods using United States National Survey of Family Growth data [2024]
  • Male Contraceptive Initiative
    • Nonhormonal Male Contraceptive Development-Strategies for Progress [2023]
    • Common ground: the opportunity of male contraceptives as MPTs [2023]
    • Catalyzing momentum in male contraceptive development [2022]
    • The role of team science in the future of male contraception [2020]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Male sterilization, vasectomy, vasectomy reversal
    • Hormonal contraception
    • Family planning, contraception

Male sterilization, vasectomy, vasectomy reversal

• Australasia
  • Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia
    • Semen analysis post vasectomy
• Australia
  • SA Health
    • Vasectomy
• Brazil
  • Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde
    • Temporal trend of vasectomies in Brazil and its regions by age group and race/skin color: a temporal analysis from 2013 to 2022 [2025]
• Canada
  • Canadian Urological Association
    • UPDATE - 2022 Canadian Urological Association best practice report: Vasectomy [2022]
    • CUA guideline: Vasectomy [2016]
• Canada, Europe, United States
  • Andrology
    • Comparative review of vasectomy guidelines and novel vasal occlusion techniques [2024]
• Chile
  • Cadernos de Saúde Pública
    • Trends in vasectomy and sexually transmitted diseases in Chile: findings from robust national databases [2024]
• China
  • Asian Journal of Andrology
    • Vasectomy reversal in China during the recent decade: insights from a multicenter retrospective investigation [2023]
• Europe
  • Andrology
    • European countries have different rates of sperm cryopreservation before vasectomy and at the time of reversal [2022]
• Ghana
  • BMC International Health and Human Rights
    • “If you do vasectomy and come back here weak, I will divorce you”: a qualitative study of community perceptions about vasectomy in Southern Ghana [2014]
• India
  • Contraception and Reproductive Medicine
    • Disappearing male sterilization in India: do we care? [2023]
  • Ministry of Health and Family Welfare India
    • Reference Manual for Male Sterilization [2013]
• International
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Down But Not Out: Vasectomy Is Faring Poorly Almost Everywhere-We Can Do Better To Make It A True Method Option [2023]
  • International Brazilian Journal of Urology
    • Risk of post-vasectomy infections in 133,044 vasectomies from four international vasectomy practices [2023]
• Low and middle income countries
  • Gates Open Research
    • Are evidence-based vasectomy surgical techniques performed in low-resource countries? [2019]
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • A Review of 10 Years of Vasectomy Programming and Research in Low-Resource Settings [2016]
• Timor-Leste
  • Culture, Health & Sexuality
    • 'If we take the engine out, how will the car go?': beliefs, understanding and access to vasectomy services in Timor-Leste [2024]
• United Kingdom
  • Central European Journal of Urology
    • The clinical impact of British guidelines on post-vasectomy semen analysis [2020]
  • Faculty of Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare
    • FSRH Service Standards for Vasectomy (April 2024) [2024]
  • NHS England
    • Interim Clinical Commissioning Policy – Vasectomy [2019]
• United States
  • American Journal of Men's Health
    • Vasectomy Knowledge and Interest Among U.S. Men Who Do Not Intend to Have More Children [2022]
  • American Society for Reproductive Medicine
    • Vasectomy
  • American Urological Association
    • Vasectomy: AUA guideline [2012]
  • Andrology
    • A new approach to postvasectomy semen analyses eliminates the need to evaluate a fresh specimen [2023]
    • Vasectomy utilization in men aged 18-45 declined between 2002 and 2017: Results from the United States National Survey for Family Growth data [2022]
  • Family Medicine
    • Vasectomy Training in Family Medicine Residency Programs: A National Survey of Residency Program Directors [2022]
  • Fertility and Sterility
    • United States vasectomy incidence rises after the reversal of Roe v. Wade in a national clinical and claims database [2023]
    • Vasectomy: a guidelines-based approach to male surgical contraception [2021]
  • Journal of Urology
    • Impact of the 2012 American Urological Association Vasectomy Guidelines on Post-Vasectomy Outcomes [2013]
  • Medical Surveillance Monthly Report
    • Vasectomy and Vasectomy Reversals, Active Component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2000–2017 [2019]
  • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
    • Vasectomy
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Sterilization
    • Male contraception, men and family planning

Natural family planning

• Canada
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Canadian Contraception Consensus Chapter 4 Natural Family Planning [2015]
• Developing countries
  • European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care
    • The role of the Standard Days Method in modern family planning services in developing countries [2012]
• Ethiopia
  • Open Access Journal of Contraception
    • Effectiveness of Lactational Amenorrhea Method in Ethiopia: A Multi-Center Prospective Cohort Study [2023]
• Ghana
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Use of Fertility Awareness-Based Methods for Pregnancy Prevention Among Ghanaian Women: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Survey [2021]
• Haiti
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Knowledge of the ovulatory cycle and its determinants among women of childbearing age in Haiti: a population-based study using the 2016/2017 Haitian Demographic Health Survey [2023]
• International
  • Contraception
    • Does the evidence support global promotion of the calendar-based Standard Days Method® of contraception? [2016]
  • Gynecological Endocrinology
    • Hormonal and natural contraceptives: a review on efficacy and risks of different methods for an informed choice [2023]
• Low and middle income countries
  • BMJ Global Health
    • Lactational amenorrhoea among adolescent girls in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review [2020]
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Implementation and Scale-Up of the Standard Days Method of Family Planning: A Landscape Analysis [2020]
  • mHealth
    • Market-testing a smartphone application for family planning: assessing potential of the CycleBeads app in seven countries through digital monitoring [2018]
• Poland
  • Ginekologia Polska
    • Evaluation of the effectiveness of selected natural fertility symptoms used for contraception: estimation of the Pearl index of Lady-Comp, Pearly and Daysy cycle computers based on 10 years of observation in the Polish market [2016]
• Rwanda
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Systems approach to monitoring and evaluation guides scale up of the Standard Days Method of family planning in Rwanda [2014]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Individual and community-level determinants of knowledge of ovulatory cycle among women of reproductive age in 29 African countries: a multilevel analysis [2022]
  • Heliyon
    • Individual and community-level determinants of knowledge about fertile periods among adolescent girls and young women (10-24 years) in Sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel mixed effect analysis of a recent demographic and health survey [2024]
• Sweden
  • BMJ Open
    • Typical use effectiveness of Natural Cycles: postmarket surveillance study investigating the impact of previous contraceptive choice on the risk of unintended pregnancy [2019]
• Uganda
  • BMJ Open
    • Knowledge and use of lactational amenorrhoea as a family planning method among adolescent mothers in Uganda: a secondary analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys between 2006 and 2016 [2022]
• United Kingdom
  • Faculty of Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare
    • Fertility Awareness Methods
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Natural Cycles for monitoring fertility [2021]
• United States
  • Breastfeeding Medicine
    • Understanding of Lactational Amenorrhea As a Contraceptive Method Among U.S. Pregnant Women [2023]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Classifications for Fertility Awareness-Based Methods
  • Food and Drug Administration
    • FDA allows marketing of first direct-to-consumer app for contraceptive use to prevent pregnancy [2018]
  • Frontiers in Medicine
    • Fertility Awareness-Based Methods for Women's Health and Family Planning [2022]
  • StatPearls
    • Natural Family Planning
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • How to procure CycleBeads: a visual tool for the Standard Days Method [2012]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Family planning, contraception

Oral contraceptives

• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Oral hormonal contraception in special circumstances [2017]
    • Risk of venous thromboembolism in women taking the combined oral contraceptive: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2016]
• Brazil
  • Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
    • Combined Oral Contraceptive Use and the Risk of Cervical Cancer: Literature Review [2023]
• Canada
  • CMAJ Open
    • Cancer incidence attributable to the use of oral contraceptives and hormone therapy in Alberta in 2012 [2016]
• France
  • PLoS ONE
    • Estimate of Venous Thromboembolism and Related-Deaths Attributable to the Use of Combined Oral Contraceptives in France [2014]
• India
  • Ministry of Health and Family Welfare India
    • Reference Manual for Oral Contraceptive Pills [2016]
• International
  • BMJ Global Health
    • Should oral contraceptive pills be available without a prescription? A systematic review of over-the-counter and pharmacy access availability [2019]
  • BMJ Open
    • Scoping review to map evidence on mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, effectiveness and side effects of centchroman as a contraceptive pill [2019]
  • Contraception
    • Effectiveness and efficacy rates of progestin-only pills: A comprehensive literature review [2023]
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • Combined Oral Contraceptives and Venous Thromboembolism: Review and Perspective to Mitigate the Risk [2021]
  • Hypertension
    • Oral Contraceptive Pills and Hypertension: A Review of Current Evidence and Recommendations [2023]
• Italy
  • Gynecological Endocrinology
    • Overcoming barriers to oral contraception in Italy an expert opinion to empower women [2023]
    • Attitudes of women and pharmacists on the opportunity to obtain a progestogen-only pill over the counter - Italian outcomes [2023]
• Latin America
  • Asociación Latinoamericana de Anticoncepción
    • Combined oral contraceptives: update recommendations of the Latin American contraceptive association [2023]
• Lebanon
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Oral contraceptive pills shortage in Lebanon amidst the economic collapse: a nationwide exploratory study [2023]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Gap in knowledge of health benefits and risks of combined oral contraceptives among Lebanese women [2024]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Prevalence of anxiety and depression among Lebanese women using oral contraceptives: a cross-sectional study [2024]
• Netherlands
  • International Journal of Epidemiology
    • Associations of periconceptional oral contraceptive use with pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes [2023]
• Nigeria
  • Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare
    • An assessment of the quality of advice provided by patent medicine vendors to users of oral contraceptive pills in urban Nigeria [2014]
• Norway
  • BMJ Open
    • Do Norwegian providers comply with national recommendations when prescribing combined oral contraceptives to starters? A cohort study [2019]
• Republic of Korea
  • Healthcare
    • Trends and Factors Associated with Oral Contraceptive Use among Korean Women [2021]
• United Kingdom
  • American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • The risk of venous thromboembolism in oral contraceptive users: the role of genetic factors-a prospective cohort study of 240,000 women in the UK Biobank [2024]
  • British Journal of General Practice
    • Prescribing the oral contraceptive pill: key considerations for primary care physicians [2021]
  • Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences
    • Population-based cohort study of oral contraceptive use and risk of depression [2023]
  • Faculty of Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare
    • FSRH Statement: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists and oral contraception [2025]
    • Progestogen-only Pills
  • International Journal of Women's Health
    • Offering extended use of the combined contraceptive pill: a survey of specialist family planning services [2013]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Combined oral contraception: nomegestrol/estradiol (Zoely) [2013]
• United States
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • First Over-the-Counter Daily Contraceptive Pill Released [2024]
    • Risk of Venous Thromboembolism Among Users of Drospirenone-Containing Oral Contraceptive Pills [2012]
  • Food and Drug Administration
    • Clinical Drug Interaction Studies With Combined Oral Contraceptives Guidance for Industry [2023]
  • Journal of Affective Disorders
    • Association of oral contraceptive pill use and depression among US women [2024]
  • National Cancer Institute
    • Oral Contraceptives and Cancer Risk
  • StatPearls
    • Oral Contraceptive Pills
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Hormonal contraception
    • Family planning, contraception
    • Emergency contraception

Postpartum and postabortion contraception

• Afghanistan
  • BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health
    • Scaling-up post-pregnancy family planning services: experiences and challenges from Afghanistan [2023]
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Integrating family planning into postpartum care through modern quality improvement: experience from Afghanistan [2014]
• Australia
  • BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health
    • Patterns in the provision of government-subsidised hormonal postpartum contraception in Queensland, Australia between 2012 and 2018: a population-based cohort study [2024]
  • Medical Journal of Australia
    • General practitioners' views and experiences of postpartum contraception counselling and provision: a qualitative-descriptive study [2024]
  • Midwifery
    • An exploration of the contraceptive counselling practices of midwives who provide postpartum care in Australia [2024]
• Bangladesh
  • Journal of Global Health
    • Postpartum family planning counselling during maternity care visits in Bangladesh and its effect on contraceptive initiation [2024]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Effects of maternal healthcare service utilization on modern postpartum family planning access in Bangladesh: insights from a National representative survey [2025]
• Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo
  • Open Access Journal of Contraception
    • Postpartum family-planning barriers and catalysts in Burkina Faso and the Democratic Republic of Congo: a multiperspective study [2018]
• Cambodia
  • JMIR mHealth and uHealth
    • A Mobile Phone–Based Support Intervention to Increase Use of Postabortion Family Planning in Cambodia: Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation [2020]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Mobile Technology for Improved Family Planning (MOTIF): the development of a mobile phone-based (mHealth) intervention to support post-abortion family planning (PAFP) in Cambodia [2016]
• Cameroon
  • Reproductive Health
    • Pregnancy risks and contraceptive use among postpartum mothers in Cameroon: implications for improving the coverage of postpartum family planning services [2023]
• Canada
  • Perinatal Services BC
    • Postpartum Contraception and Consent
• China
  • BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health
    • Characteristics and contraceptive practices among Chinese women seeking abortion: a multicentre, descriptive study from 2019 to 2021 [2024]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Effectiveness of post-abortion care services to protect women's fertility in China: A systematic review with meta-analysis [2024]
• Denmark
  • JAMA Network Open
    • Postpartum Hormonal Contraceptive Use and Risk of Depression [2025]
  • Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare
    • Postpartum hormonal contraceptive use in Denmark during 1997-2021 [2025]
• East Africa
  • Systematic Reviews
    • Post-abortion family planning use, method preference, and its determinant factors in Eastern Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]
• Ethiopia
  • BMJ Open
    • Does family planning counselling during health service contact improve postpartum modern contraceptive uptake in Ethiopia? A nationwide cross-sectional study [2022]
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Post-Abortion Contraceptive Utilization and Associated Factors in Ethiopia [2022]
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Strengthening Postabortion Family Planning Services in Ethiopia: Expanding Contraceptive Choice and Improving Access to Long-Acting Reversible Contraception [2016]
  • Heliyon
    • Uptake of postpartum modern family planning and its associated factors among postpartum women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Factors associated with modern contraceptives uptake during the first year after birth in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
    • Postpartum modern contraception utilization and its determinants in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Utilization and its factors of post abortion modern contraceptive in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]
    • Postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device use and its associated factors in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]
  • Scientific Reports
    • The effect of maternal educational status, antenatal care and resumption of menses on postpartum contraceptive use in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
    • Prevalence and predictors of post-abortion modern contraceptive utilization among reproductive age women in Ethiopia [2023]
• Finland
  • Contraception
    • Contraceptive plans and purchase after an induced abortion: A nationwide register study from Finland [2024]
• Ghana
  • BMC Public Health
    • Does the type of abortion provider influence contraceptive uptake after abortion? An analysis of longitudinal data from 64 health facilities in Ghana [2015]
  • Global Public Health
    • Post-abortion contraception choices of women in Ghana: A one-year review [2015]
• India
  • Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of India
    • Postpartum IUCD: Rediscovering a Languishing Innovation [2015]
  • Ministry of Health and Family Welfare India
    • Post Abortion Family Planning [2016]
    • Postpartum IUCD Reference Manual [2010]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Post-abortion contraceptive use among currently married women in India: New evidence from National Family Health Survey 2019-2021 (NFHS-5) [2025]
    • Examining the linkages between maternity services and postpartum modern contraceptive adoption among young women in India: Insights from the 2015-16 and 2019-21 National Family Health Survey [2023]
    • Role of maternal and child health services on the uptake of contraceptive use in India: A reproductive calendar approach [2022]
  • Reproductive Health
    • The state of postpartum contraceptive use in India: descriptive lessons from nationally representative survey data [2025]
    • Contraceptive behavior of women in India after induced abortion [2024]
    • Understanding the healthcare provider role on post abortion contraception adoption in India using National Family Household Survey-5 [2023]
  • Studies in Family Planning
    • Associations Between Abortion Services and Acceptance of Postabortion Contraception in Six Indian States [2015]
• Indonesia
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Levels, trends and correlates of unmet need for family planning among postpartum women in Indonesia: 2007–2015 [2017]
• International
  • American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • Expulsion of intrauterine devices after postpartum placement by timing of placement, delivery type, and IUD type: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Implementation strategies, facilitators, and barriers to scaling up and sustaining post pregnancy family planning, a mixed-methods systematic review [2023]
  • BMJ Global Health
    • Successful strategies that address gender-related barriers and promote bodily autonomy within efforts to scale up and sustain postpregnancy contraception: a scoping review [2025]
  • BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health
    • Utilisation, effectiveness, and safety of immediate postpartum intrauterine device insertion: a systematic literature review [2023]
  • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
    • Immediate versus delayed postpartum insertion of contraceptive implant and IUD for contraception [2022]
  • Contraception
    • Safety of the progesterone-releasing vaginal ring (PVR) among lactating women: A systematic review [2015]
    • Progestogen-only contraceptive use among breastfeeding women: a systematic review [2015]
    • Combined hormonal contraceptive use among breastfeeding women: an updated systematic review [2015]
  • Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Expanding access to postpartum contraception [2024]
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Postabortion Care: 20 Years of Strong Evidence on Emergency Treatment, Family Planning, and Other Programming Components [2016]
  • International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    • FIGO position statement on postpartum intrauterine devices (PPIUD) [2025]
    • Post-Abortion Contraception, including Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives [2021]
    • The negative impact of COVID-19 on contraception and sexual and reproductive health: Could immediate postpartum LARCs be the solution? [2020]
  • International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
    • Postpartum contraception: A matter of guidelines [2024]
  • Ipas
    • Postabortion contraception: When and what type
    • Postabortion IUD use: Safety and timing
  • PLoS ONE
    • Prevalence and factors associated with early resumption of sexual intercourse among postpartum women: Systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
• Ivory Coast, Nigeria
  • Studies in Family Planning
    • Contraceptive Use Before and After Abortion: A Cross-Sectional Study from Nigeria and Côte d'Ivoire [2022]
• Kenya
  • BMC Public Health
    • Missed opportunities for family planning counselling among postpartum women in eleven counties in Kenya [2022]
• Liberia
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Successful Proof of Concept of Family Planning and Immunization Integration in Liberia [2015]
• Low and middle income countries
  • Contraception
    • Missed opportunities for family planning: an analysis of pregnancy risk and contraceptive method use among postpartum women in 21 low- and middle-income countries [2015]
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Antenatal Care Interventions to Increase Contraceptive Use Following Birth in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis [2024]
  • PLOS Global Public Health
    • mHealth interventions for postpartum family planning in LMICs: A realist review [2024]
  • Reproductive Health
    • A systematic review and meta-analysis of postpartum contraceptive use among women in low- and middle-income countries [2019]
• Mexico
  • BMJ Open
    • Comparison of immediate postpartum contraception among women with a high versus low risk pregnancy in Mexico: a retrospective cohort study [2021]
• Nepal
  • BioMed Research International
    • Unmet Need for Family Planning in Nepal during the First Two Years Postpartum [2014]
  • JNMA: Journal of the Nepal Medical Association
    • Prevalence of Postpartum Family Planning Service Coverage in Selected Referral Facilities of Nepal [2020]
  • PLOS Global Public Health
    • Integrating postpartum IUD counselling and insertion into routine maternity care in Nepal: Assessing trends over time [2023]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Postabortion contraceptive use among women in Nepal: results from a longitudinal cohort study [2024]
    • Assessing knowledge, attitudes, and practice of health providers towards the provision of postpartum intrauterine devices in Nepal: a two-year follow-up [2021]
    • Prevalence and correlates of postabortion long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) use among young women (24 and below) in Nepal: Strategy in the search for improvements [2019]
• New Zealand
  • New Zealand College of Midwives
    • Consensus Statement: Long Acting Reversible Contraception [2018]
• Pakistan
  • Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
    • Acceptability, continuation and complication rate of postpartum insertion of intrauterine contraceptive device among Pakistani women [2023]
• Republic of Guinea
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Findings and Lessons Learned From Strengthening the Provision of Voluntary Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives With Postabortion Care in Guinea [2019]
• South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Global Public Health
    • What contraception do women use after abortion? An analysis of 319,385 cases from eight countries [2018]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Global Health Action
    • Patterns and trends of postpartum family planning in Ethiopia, Malawi, and Nigeria: evidence of missed opportunities for integration [2015]
  • International Journal of Reproductive Medicine
    • Postpartum Family Planning Use and Its Determinants among Women of the Reproductive Age Group in Low-Income Countries of Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - PMC [2021]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Postpartum long-acting reversible contraceptives use in sub-Saharan Africa. Evidence from recent demographic and health surveys data [2023]
  • Reproductive Health
    • The unmet needs for modern family planning methods among postpartum women in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of the literature [2021]
  • Women's Health
    • Determinants of early resumption of postpartum sexual intercourse in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • Women's Health Reports
    • Intention to Use Postpartum Contraceptive and Its Determinants in Sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2023]
• Sweden
  • Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
    • Provision of long-acting reversible contraception at surgical abortion-A cross-sectional nationwide register study [2022]
  • Contraception
    • Adherence to Swedish national recommendations for long acting reversible contraceptive provision at the time of medical abortion [2021]
• Tanzania
  • PLoS ONE
    • Initiation of postpartum modern contraceptive methods: Evidence from Tanzania demographic and health survey [2021]
  • Reproductive Health
    • A one-year cohort study of complications, continuation, and failure rates of postpartum TCu380A in Tanzania [2020]
• Togo
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Improving the Quality of Postabortion Care Services in Togo Increased Uptake of Contraception [2016]
• Turkey
  • Journal of Transcultural Nursing
    • Women's Attitudes toward Family Planning in the Postpartum Period and Affecting Factors: Turkiye Sample [2025]
• United Kingdom
  • Faculty of Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare
    • Contraception After Pregnancy
  • Right Decisions
    • Postpartum contraception
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Best practice in post-abortion contraception [2022]
  • Seminars in Reproductive Medicine
    • Improving Access to and Quality of Postpartum Contraception Provision [2022]
  • WISDOM
    • Post natal Contraception Guideline [2020]
• United States
  • Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine
    • ABM Clinical Protocol #13: Contraception During Breastfeeding, Revised 2015 [2015]
  • Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
    • Contraception and sterilization selection at delivery among pregnant patients with malignancy [2024]
  • Addiction Science & Clinical Practice
    • Buprenorphine and postpartum contraception utilization among people with opioid use disorder: a multi-state analysis [2025]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Access to Postabortion Contraception [2021]
    • Immediate Postpartum Long-Acting Reversible Contraception [2016]
  • Guttmacher Institute
    • Postabortion Contraception: Emerging Opportunities and Barriers [2017]
  • JAMA Health Forum
    • Medicaid Policy Change and Immediate Postpartum Long-Acting Reversible Contraception [2024]
  • JAMA Network Open
    • Postpartum Contraceptive Use Among US Medicaid Recipients [2022]
    • Immediate Postpartum Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptive Use Following State-Specific Changes in Hospital Medicaid Reimbursement [2022]
  • Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • National Postpartum Permanent Contraception Practices and Perceived Barriers [2024]
    • Contraception After Delivery and Short Interpregnancy Intervals Among Women in the United States [2015]
  • Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health
    • Delivery at Catholic hospitals and postpartum contraception use, five US states, 2015-2018 [2022]
  • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine
    • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) Consult Series #48: Immediate postpartum long-acting reversible contraception for women at high risk for medical complications [2019]
  • Society of Family Planning
    • Society of Family Planning clinical recommendations: contraception after surgical abortion [2019]
    • Society of Family Planning Guidelines: Postplacental insertion of intrauterine devices [2018]
• West and Central Africa
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Increasing Use of Postpartum Family Planning and the Postpartum IUD: Early Experiences in West and Central Africa [2016]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO recommendations on maternal and newborn care for a positive postnatal experience - Postpartum contraception [2022]
    • Self-management approaches for post-abortion contraception: Recommendations 51-54 (3.6.3) [2022]
    • Post-abortion contraception: Recommendations 41-47 (3.5.4) [2022]
    • Family Planning in Postabortion Care [2022]
    • Introducing the World Health Organization Postpartum Family Planning Compendium [2016]
    • It’s about time: WHO and partners release programming strategies for postpartum family planning [2014]
    • Programming strategies for postpartum family planning [2013]
    • Technical consultation on hormonal contraceptive use during lactation and effects on the newborn : summary report, Geneva, Switzerland, 22 October 2008 [2010]
    • Progestogen-only contraceptive use during lactation and its effects on the neonate [2009]
    • Postpartum Family Planning Compendium
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Postpartum (puerperium)
    • Long-acting reversible contraception
    • Intrauterine device (IUD)
    • Induced abortion
    • Family planning, contraception

Sterilization

• Canada
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Canadian Contraception Consensus Chapter 6 Permanent Contraception [2015]
• India
  • Ministry of Health and Family Welfare India
    • Standard Operating Procedures for Sterilization Services in Camps [2008]
• Netherlands
  • Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare
    • Male or female sterilization - the decision making process: Counselling and regret [2022]
• New Zealand
  • Ministry of Health New Zealand
    • Sterilisation services
• United Kingdom
  • Faculty of Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare
    • Male and Female Sterilisation
• United States
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Examining Permanent Contraception for Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Intellectual Developmental Disorder: Ethical, Legal, and Medical Considerations: Clinical Report [2024]
  • Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
    • Sterilization
  • Fertility and Sterility
    • Marital Status and Female and Male Contraceptive Sterilization in the United States [2015]
  • JAMA Health Forum
    • Changes in Permanent Contraception Procedures Among Young Adults Following the Dobbs Decision [2024]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Eliminating forced, coercive and otherwise involuntary sterilization [2014]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Male sterilization, vasectomy, vasectomy reversal
    • Female sterilization, tubal ligation
    • Family planning, contraception
    • Ethics, jurisprudence: sexual and reproductive health and rights