Obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive medicine guidelines

Obesity, eating disorders

Guidelines, reviews, statements, recommendations, standards

 

Anorexia nervosa

• Australia
  • Department of Health Australia
    • Anorexia nervosa: Australian treatment guide for consumers and carers [2005]
• Brazil
  • Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira
    • Zinc supplementation in the treatment of anorexia nervosa [2013]
• Canada
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • Anorexia nervosa requiring admission in adolescents [2019]
  • Canadian Paediatric Society
    • Family-based treatment of children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa: Guidelines for the community physician [2018]
    • Determining treatment goal weights for children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa [2018]
  • Journal of Eating Disorders
    • Perspectives of Canadian fitness professionals on exercise and possible anorexia nervosa [2015]
• Europe
  • European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
    • ESCAP Expert Paper: New developments in the diagnosis and treatment of adolescent anorexia nervosa—a European perspective [2015]
• France
  • Haute Autorité de Santé
    • Anorexia Nervosa: management [2010]
• Germany
  • Journal of Clinical Medicine
    • Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa—New Evidence-Based Guidelines [2019]
• Japan
  • Biopsychosocial Medicine
    • Epidemiology of anorexia nervosa in Japanese adolescents [2015]
• United Kingdom
  • Royal College of Psychiatrists
    • MARSIPAN: Management of Really Sick Patients with Anorexia Nervosa (2nd edn) [2014]
    • Junior MARSIPAN: Management of Really Sick Patients under 18 with Anorexia Nervosa [2012]
• United Kingdom, Ireland
  • BMJ Open
    • Incidence of anorexia nervosa in young people in the UK and Ireland: a national surveillance study [2019]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Eating disorders
    • Amenorrhea

Binge eating

• Latin America
  • Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria
    • A review of Latin American studies on binge eating disorder [2011]
• Sweden
  • BMC Psychiatry
    • Treatment-seeking patients with binge-eating disorder in the Swedish national registers: clinical course and psychiatric comorbidity [2016]
  • Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care
    • Treatment for binge eating disorder [2016]
• United States of America
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Treating Binge-Eating Disorder [2016]
    • Management and Outcomes of Binge-Eating Disorder in Adults: Current State of the Evidence [2016]
    • Management and Outcomes of Binge-Eating Disorder [2015]
  • Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
    • Novel pharmacologic treatment in acute binge eating disorder – role of lisdexamfetamine [2016]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Eating disorders

Bulimia nervosa

• International
  • Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics
    • Bulimia nervosa in adolescents: prevalence and treatment challenges [2018]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Eating disorders

Eating disorders

• Asia
  • Journal of Eating Disorders
    • The rise of eating disorders in Asia: a review [2015]
• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Early detection of eating disorders in general practice [2017]
  • Department of Health Australia
    • What is an eating disorder? [2007]
  • Journal of Eating Disorders
    • Development of the “Recovery from Eating Disorders for Life” Food Guide (REAL Food Guide) - a food pyramid for adults with an eating disorder [2018]
    • Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of DSM-5 eating disorders in the Australian population [2015]
• Australia, New Zealand
  • Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists
    • Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of eating disorders [2014]
• Canada
  • CMAJ Open
    • Cost evaluation of out-of-country care for patients with eating disorders in Ontario: a population-based study [2016]
  • Journal of Eating Disorders
    • Canadian practice guidelines for the treatment of children and adolescents with eating disorders [2020]
• International
  • BMC Medicine
    • The classification of feeding and eating disorders in the ICD-11: results of a field study comparing proposed ICD-11 guidelines with existing ICD-10 guidelines [2019]
  • Current Opinion in Psychiatry
    • Evidence-based clinical guidelines for eating disorders: international comparison [2017]
  • Journal of Eating Disorders
    • Feeding and eating disorders in the DSM-5 era: a systematic review of prevalence rates in non-clinical male and female samples [2017]
  • World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry
    • World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for the Pharmacological Treatment of Eating Disorders [2011]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Eating Disorder Services [2018]
• Malta
  • Psychiatria Danubina
    • Dar Kenn Ghal Sahhtek'--an eating disorder and obesity service in Malta [2015]
    • Eating disorders in Malta [2013]
• New Zealand
  • Starship
    • Eating Disorders - management of [2019]
• Pakistan
  • Journal of Pakistan Medical Association
    • Detection of eating disorders in 16-20 year old female students - perspective from Islamabad, Pakistan [2014]
• United Kingdom
  • BMJ Open
    • Epidemiology of eating disorders in primary care in children and young people: a Clinical Practice Research Datalink study in England [2019]
  • Faculty of Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare
    • FSRH CEU Statement: Contraception for Women with Eating Disorders [2018]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Eating disorders: recognition and treatment [2020]
    • Eating disorders [2018]
    • Eating disorders (Topic)
  • NHS England
    • Adult Eating Disorders: Community, Inpatient and Intensive Day Patient Care – Guidance for commissioners and providers [2019]
  • Public Health England
    • PACAC inquiry into eating disorders: government response
• United States of America
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Identification and Management of Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents [2021]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Gynecologic Care for Adolescents and Young Women With Eating Disorders [2018]
  • American Family Physician
    • Initial Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa [2015]
  • American Psychiatric Association
    • Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with eating disorders [2012]
  • Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine
    • Addressing Nutritional Disorders in Adolescents [2018]
    • Position Paper of the Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine: Medical Management of Restrictive Eating Disorders in Adolescents and Young Adults [2015]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Bulimia nervosa
    • Binge eating
    • Anorexia nervosa
    • Amenorrhea

Obesity

• Africa
  • WHO Regional Office for Africa
    • Obesity
• Asia, Pacific
  • Tropical Medicine & International Health
    • Economic burden of underweight and overweight among adults in the Asia-Pacific region: a systematic review [2016]
• Australia
  • Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
    • Overweight and obesity: an interactive insight [2020]
    • Overweight & obesity
  • Department of Health Australia
    • Obesity Guidelines
  • National Health and Medical Research Council
    • Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults, Adolescents and Children in Australia (2013) [2013]
  • Pilot and Feasibility Studies
    • A collaborative process for developing a weight management toolkit for general practitioners in Australia—an intervention development study using the Knowledge To Action framework [2016]
• Brazil
  • Cadernos de Saúde Pública
    • Obesity and public policies: the Brazilian government’s definitions and strategies [2017]
• Canada
  • BCGuidelines
    • Overweight and obese adults - Diagnosis and management [2011]
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Weight management in Canada: an environmental scan of health services for adults with obesity [2014]
  • CMAJ
    • Obesity in adults: a clinical practice guideline [2020]
  • Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation
    • Cost analyses of obesity in Canada: scope, quality, and implications [2013]
  • Public Health Ontario
    • Obesity
• Caribbean and Pacific
  • Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
    • Regulatory measures to fight obesity in Small Island Developing States of the Caribbean and Pacific, 2015 – 2017 [2018]
• China
  • Frontiers of Medicine
    • Obesity in China: its characteristics, diagnostic criteria, and implications [2015]
• Europe
  • European Association for the Study of Obesity
    • The ABCD of Obesity: An EASO Position Statement on a Diagnostic Term with Clinical and Scientific Implications [2019]
    • European Guidelines for Obesity Management in Adults [2015]
    • Need for a Paradigm Shift in Adult Overweight and Obesity Management - an EASO Position Statement on a Pressing public Health, Clinical and Scientific Challenge in Europe [2014]
    • Beyond BMI - Phenotyping the Obesities [2014]
  • Obesity Facts
    • OBEDIS Core Variables Project: European Expert Guidelines on a Minimal Core Set of Variables to Include in Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trials of Obesity Interventions [2020]
    • European Practical and Patient-Centred Guidelines for Adult Obesity Management in Primary Care [2019]
    • Obesity Management in Europe: Current Status and Objectives for the Future [2016]
  • WHO Regional Office for Europe
    • The role of public health organizations in addressing public health problems in Europe: The case of obesity, alcohol and antimicrobial resistance (2018) [2018]
    • Weight bias and obesity stigma: considerations for the WHO European Region (2017) [2017]
    • Obesity and inequities. Guidance for addressing inequities in overweight and obesity (2014) [2014]
    • Challenge of obesity in the WHO European Region and the strategies for response [2007]
    • Obesity
• Germany
  • Obesity Facts
    • The Economic Burden of Obesity in Germany: Results from the Population-Based KORA Studies [2016]
• Hungary
  • BMC Family Practice
    • Primary care obesity management in Hungary: evaluation of the knowledge, practice and attitudes of family physicians [2013]
• International
  • World Gastroenterology Organisation
    • Obesity [2011]
• Italy
  • Eating and Weight Disorders
    • SIO management algorithm for patients with overweight or obesity: consensus statement of the Italian Society for Obesity (SIO) [2016]
• Malaysia
  • Medical Journal of Malaysia
    • A Review of Adult Obesity Research in Malaysia [2016]
• New Zealand
  • Ministry of Health New Zealand
    • Clinical Guidelines for Weight Management in New Zealand Adults [2017]
    • Implementing the Clinical Guidelines for Weight Management in New Zealand: 2010/11 [2010]
    • Obesity - information for health professionals
• Nigeria
  • Annals of African Medicine
    • Performance of waist circumference and proposed cutoff levels for defining overweight and obesity in Nigerians [2016]
  • Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice
    • Obesity: An emerging disease [2011]
• Pakistan
  • Journal of Pakistan Medical Association
    • Socio-economic, environmental and demographic determinants of rise in obesity among Pakistani women: A Systematic Review [2016]
• Republic of Korea
  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
    • Optimal Waist Circumference Cutoff Values for the Diagnosis of Abdominal Obesity in Korean Adults [2014]
    • 2014 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Overweight and Obesity in Korea [2014]
  • Healthcare Informatics Research
    • Development of a Smartphone Application for Clinical-Guideline-Based Obesity Management [2015]
  • Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome
    • 2018 Korean Society for the Study of Obesity Guideline for the Management of Obesity in Korea [2019]
• Singapore
  • Ministry of Health Singapore
    • Health Promotion Board–Ministry of Health Clinical Practice Guidelines: Obesity [2016]
• South Africa
  • Cardiovascular Journal of Africa
    • Socio-cultural, environmental and behavioural determinants of obesity in black South African women [2013]
• South-East Asia
  • PLoS ONE
    • Urban Environments and Obesity in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression [2014]
  • WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia
    • Obesity and overweight in SEARO
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • BMC Obesity
    • Complex association between rural/urban residence, household wealth and women’s overweight: evidence from 30 cross-sectional national household surveys in Africa [2017]
• Thailand
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Economic costs of obesity in Thailand: a retrospective cost-of-illness study [2014]
• United Kingdom
  • British Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Society
    • Commissioning guide: weight assessment and management clinics (tier 3) [2017]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Obesity: identification, assessment and management of overweight and obesity in children, young people and adults [2014]
    • Managing overweight and obesity in adults – lifestyle weight management services [2014]
    • Obesity
  • NHS Health Scotland
    • Public attitudes to reducing overweight and obesity in Scotland [2018]
  • Public Health England
    • Whole systems approach to obesity
    • Weight management: guidance for commissioners and providers
    • Obesity, weight management and people with learning disabilities
    • Adult obesity: applying All Our Health
  • UK Parliament
    • Tackling obesity in England: The ninth report of the Committee of Public Accounts [2002]
• United Arab Emirates
  • Obesity Facts
    • Clinical Practice Recommendations for the Management of Obesity in the United Arab Emirates [2018]
• United States of America
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Screening for and Management of Obesity and Overweight in Adults [2011]
  • American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
    • American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guidelines for Comprehensive Medical Care of Patients with Obesity [2016]
    • American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology Position Statement on the 2014 Advanced Framework for a New Diagnosis of Obesity as a Chronic Disease [2014]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Ethical Considerations for the Care of Patients With Obesity [2019]
    • Challenges for Overweight and Obese Women [2014]
  • American Heart Association
    • 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS Guideline for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults [2013]
    • Assessing adiposity: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association [2011]
  • American Journal of Preventive Medicine
    • U.S. Health Professionals’ Views on Obesity Care, Training, and Self-Efficacy [2015]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Overweight & Obesity
  • Endocrine Society
    • The Science of Obesity Management: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement [2018]
  • Michigan Quality Improvement Consortium
    • Management of Overweight and Obesity in the Adult [2019]
  • Obesity Reviews
    • Weight Loss and Black Women: A Systematic Review of the Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention Literature [2012]
• Western Pacific
  • WHO Western Pacific Region
    • Overweight and obesity in the Western Pacific Region : an equity perspective [2017]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Obesity and overweight: Fact sheet
    • Obesity
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Obesity: surgical treatment
    • Obesity: prevention, treatment
    • Obesity: pharmacologic treatment
    • Obesity: genetics
    • Obesity: epidemiology
    • Obesity: diet, nutrition, physical activity
    • Obesity in children and adolescents

Obesity in children and adolescents

• Asia
  • Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    • Childhood obesity in Asia: the value of accurate body composition methodology [2014]
• Australia
  • Public Health Research and Practice
    • Aboriginal childhood overweight and obesity: the need for Aboriginal designed and led initiatives [2019]
    • Codesign of the Population Health Information Management System to measure reach and practice change of childhood obesity programs [2018]
• Canada
  • Canadian Paediatric Society
    • Promoting Optimal Monitoring of Child Growth in Canada: Using the New WHO Growth Charts [2018]
  • Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care
    • Obesity in Children (2015) [2015]
  • Paediatrics & Child Health
    • Canadian Pediatric Endocrine Group extension to WHO growth charts: Why bother? [2013]
• China
  • PLoS ONE
    • Body Mass Index Is Better than Other Anthropometric Indices for Identifying Dyslipidemia in Chinese Children with Obesity [2016]
• Europe
  • European Association for the Study of Obesity
    • Childhood Obesity Is a Chronic Disease Demanding Specific Health Care - a Position Statement from the Childhood Obesity Task Force (COTF) of the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) [2015]
  • European Commission - Public Health
    • EU Action Plan on Childhood Obesity 2014-2020 [2014]
    • An EU-wide overview of community based initiatives (CBI's) to reduce childhood obesity [2012]
  • European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition
    • World Health Organization 2006 child growth standards and 2007 growth reference charts: A discussion paper by the committee on Nutrition of the ESPGHAN [2013]
  • WHO Regional Office for Europe
    • Mapping the health system response to childhood obesity in the WHO European Region. An overview and country perspectives (2019) [2019]
• India
  • Indian Academy of Pediatrics
    • Revised Indian Academy of Pediatrics 2015 growth charts for height, weight and body mass index for 5–18-year-old Indian children [2015]
• Italy
  • Italian Journal of Pediatrics
    • Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of pediatric obesity: consensus position statement of the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and the Italian Society of Pediatrics [2018]
• Mexico
  • Nutrición Hospitalaria
    • Accuracy of body mass index for age to diagnose obesity in Mexican schoolchildren [2015]
• Middle East, North Africa
  • Advances in Pediatric Research
    • A systematic review of childhood obesity in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: Health impact and management [2017]
  • BMC Pediatrics
    • Early childhood obesity: a survey of knowledge and practices of physicians from the Middle East and North Africa [2017]
• Netherlands
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Health care providers’ perceived barriers to and need for the implementation of a national integrated health care standard on childhood obesity in the Netherlands – a mixed methods approach [2016]
• New Zealand
  • Ministry of Health New Zealand
    • Clinical Guidelines for Weight Management in New Zealand Children and Young People [2016]
• Republic of Korea
  • Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
    • Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Obesity: Recommendations from the Committee on Pediatric Obesity of the Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition [2019]
• South-East Asia
  • WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia
    • The double burden of malnutrition: priority actions on ending childhood obesity [2020]
• United Kingdom
  • BMC Public Health
    • The views of young children in the UK about obesity, body size, shape and weight: a systematic review [2011]
  • Department of Health and Social Care
    • Childhood obesity: government response
    • Childhood obesity: a plan for action, chapter 2
    • Childhood obesity: a plan for action
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • The use of measures of obesity in childhood for predicting obesity and the development of obesity-related diseases in adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2015]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Managing overweight and obesity among children and young people: lifestyle weight management services [2013]
  • Public Health England
    • National child measurement programme
    • Child weight management: short conversations with families
    • Child weight management: commission and provide services
• United States of America
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Stigma Experienced by Children and Adolescents With Obesity [2017]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Obesity in Adolescents [2017]
  • American Heart Association
    • Severe Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Identification, Associated Health Risks, and Treatment Approaches [2013]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • CDC Grand Rounds: Childhood Obesity in the United States [2011]
    • Childhood Overweight and Obesity
  • Childhood Obesity
    • Children's Hospital Association Consensus Statements for Comorbidities of Childhood Obesity [2014]
  • Endocrine Society
    • Pediatric Obesity—Assessment, Treatment, and Prevention: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline [2017]
  • Frontiers in Pediatrics
    • Referrals and Management Strategies for Pediatric Obesity—DocStyles Survey 2017 [2018]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Report of the Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity: implementation plan: report by the Secretariat [2017]
    • Report of the Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity: implementation plan: executive summary [2017]
    • Report of the Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity [2016]
    • Consideration of the evidence on childhood obesity for the Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity: report of the ad hoc working group on science and evidence for ending childhood obesity, Geneva, Switzerland [2016]
    • Childhood overweight and obesity
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Obesity in children and adolescents: prevention, treatment
    • Obesity in children and adolescents: epidemiology
    • Obesity in children and adolescents: diet, nutrition, physical activity
    • Obesity

Obesity in children and adolescents: diet, nutrition, physical activity

• Australia
  • Department of Health Australia
    • Get Up & Grow: Healthy Eating and Physical Activity for Early Childhood - Staff/Carers Book [2013]
• Canada
  • Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
    • The effectiveness of voluntary policies and commitments in restricting unhealthy food marketing to Canadian children on food company websites [2018]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Proportion of preschool-aged children meeting the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and associations with adiposity: results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey [2017]
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • Calls for restricting the marketing of unhealthy foods to children ignored by policy makers [2014]
  • Canadian Paediatric Society
    • The role of dietary fibre and prebiotics in the paediatric diet [2020]
    • School nutrition: Support for providing healthy food and beverage choices in schools [2020]
    • A proposal to increase taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages in Canada [2020]
    • Dieting in adolescence [2018]
    • Energy and sports drinks in children and adolescents [2017]
    • Healthy active living: Physical activity guidelines for children and adolescents [2012]
  • Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology
    • Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years (0–4 years): An Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep [2017]
    • Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth: An Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep [2016]
    • Canadian Sedentary Behaviour Guidelines for the Early Years (aged 0–4 years) [2012]
    • Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines for the Early Years (aged 0–4 years) [2012]
    • Canadian Sedentary Behaviour Guidelines for Children and Youth [2011]
  • Health Canada
    • Children and Healthy Eating
  • International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
    • Changes to the school food and physical activity environment after guideline implementation in British Columbia, Canada [2014]
  • Paediatrics & Child Health
    • Increasing Canadian paediatricians’ awareness and use of the new Canadian Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Guidelines for ages 0 to 17 years [2017]
• China
  • Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    • Limitations of studies on school-based nutrition education interventions for obesity in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2016]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Physical activity, screen viewing time, and overweight/obesity among Chinese children and adolescents: an update from the 2017 physical activity and fitness in China—the youth study [2019]
  • British Journal of Sports Medicine
    • Physical activity and health in Chinese children and adolescents: expert consensus statement (2020) [2020]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Time Trends in Fast Food Consumption and Its Association with Obesity among Children in China [2016]
• Cuba
  • MEDICC Review
    • Fitness vs. obesity in Cuban children: battling the biases of gender and geography [2010]
• Czech Republic
  • Advances in Nutrition
    • From an Inactive and Obese to a Fit Child: How Long Is the Way? Czech Experiences [2011]
• Developed countries
  • Advances in Nutrition
    • Use of Dietary Indexes among Children in Developed Countries [2011]
• Europe
  • European Academy of Paediatrics
    • Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in Paediatric Age: A Position Paper of the European Academy of Paediatrics and the European Childhood Obesity Group [2019]
  • European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition
    • Role of Dietary Factors and Food Habits in the Development of Childhood Obesity: A Commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition [2011]
  • International Journal of Exercise Science
    • Physical Activity and Physical Fitness in Pediatric Obesity: What are the First Steps for Clinicians? Expert Conclusion from the 2016 ECOG Workshop [2017]
  • Nutrition Bulletin
    • Comprehensive mapping of national school food policies across the European Union plus Norway and Switzerland [2014]
  • Obesity Facts
    • Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Sleep Duration of Children Aged 6–9 Years in 25 Countries: An Analysis within the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) 2015–2017 [2020]
  • WHO Regional Office for Europe
    • Ending inappropriate promotion of commercially available complementary foods for infants and young children between 6 and 36 months in Europe (2019) [2019]
    • WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative: health-risk behaviours on nutrition and physical activity in 6–9-year-old schoolchildren [2015]
    • Marketing of foods high in fat, salt and sugar to children: update 2012-2013 [2013]
    • An analysis of national approaches to promoting physical activity and sports in children and adolescents [2009]
    • Addressing the socioeconomic determinants of healthy eating habits and physical activity levels among adolescents [2006]
    • Growing through adolescence : a training pack based on a Health Promoting School approach to healthy eating [2005]
• India
  • Indian Academy of Pediatrics
    • Indian Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines on the Fast and Junk Foods, Sugar Sweetened Beverages, Fruit Juices, and Energy Drinks [2019]
• International
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • A Review of Nutritional Guidelines and Menu Compositions for School Feeding Programs in 12 Countries [2015]
  • Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness
    • Policies for promotion of physical activity and prevention of obesity in adolescence [2016]
  • Nutrients
    • Current Recommendations for Nutritional Management of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Structured Framework [2019]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Correlates of Total Sedentary Time and Screen Time in 9–11 Year-Old Children around the World: The International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment [2015]
• Iran
  • Iranian Journal of Pediatrics
    • Regional Disparities in Sedentary Behaviors and Meal Frequency in Iranian Adolescents: The CASPIAN-III Study [2015]
• Latin America
  • BMC Pediatrics
    • Anthropometry, dietary intake, physical activity and sitting time patterns in adolescents aged 15-17 years: an international comparison in eight Latin American countries [2020]
  • Obesity Reviews
    • Nutrition status of children in Latin America [2017]
• Malta
  • BMC Public Health
    • Physical activity, screen time and obesity status in a nationally representative sample of Maltese youth with international comparisons [2014]
• Mexico
  • Nutrición Hospitalaria
    • Review of complementary feeding practices in Mexican children [2014]
  • Salud Pública de México
    • Interventions to increase physical activity and healthy eating among overweight and obese children in Mexico [2013]
• New Zealand
  • Ministry of Health New Zealand
    • Sit Less, Move More, Sleep Well: Active play guidelines for under-fives [2017]
    • Food and Nutrition Guidelines for Healthy Children and Young People (Aged 2–18 years): A background paper [2015]
• Peru
  • American Journal of Public Health
    • Impact of Food Assistance Programs on Obesity in Mothers and Children: A Prospective Cohort Study in Peru [2016]
• Poland
  • Archives of Medical Science : AMS
    • Assessment of selected nutrient intake by Polish preschool children compared to dietary recommendations: a meta-analysis [2020]
• Republic of Korea
  • Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    • Nutritional standards for energy-dense low-nutrient density foods for children in Korea [2014]
  • Nutrition Research and Practice
    • Relationship between adhering to dietary guidelines and the risk of obesity in Korean children [2014]
• South Asia
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Diet and Physical Activity Interventions to Prevent or Treat Obesity in South Asian Children and Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2015]
• Sweden
  • Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care
    • Dietary treatment of obesity [2013]
• Turkey
  • WHO Regional Office for Europe
    • Monitoring Food Marketing to Children in Turkey (2018) [2018]
• United Kingdom
  • International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
    • Characterisation of UK diets according to degree of food processing and associations with socio-demographics and obesity: cross-sectional analysis of UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2008–12) [2015]
  • Journal of Sport and Health Science
    • A critical review of national physical activity policies relating to children and young people in England [2020]
  • Public Health England
    • Childhood obesity: applying All Our Health
  • Scottish Government
    • Growing up in Scotland: overweight, obesity and activity [2012]
    • Healthy Eating in Schools: A Guide to Implementing the Nutritional Requirements for Food and Drink in Schools (Scotland) Regulations 2008 [2008]
• United States of America
  • Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
    • Pediatric Weight Management
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Physical Activity Assessment and Counseling in Pediatric Clinical Settings [2020]
    • The Use of Nonnutritive Sweeteners in Children [2019]
    • Public Policies to Reduce Sugary Drink Consumption in Children and Adolescents [2019]
    • Snacks, Sweetened Beverages, Added Sugars, and Schools [2015]
    • Sports Drinks and Energy Drinks for Children and Adolescents: Are They Appropriate? [2011]
  • American Heart Association
    • Promoting Physical Activity in Children and Youth: A Leadership Role for Schools [2006]
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    • Executive summary: evaluating the evidence base to support the inclusion of infants and children from birth to 24 mo of age in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans—“the B-24 Project” [2014]
  • American Journal of Public Health
    • Reducing Childhood Obesity by Eliminating 100% Fruit Juice [2012]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Dietary and Physical Activity Behaviors Among High School Students — Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2019 [2020]
    • School Health Guidelines to Promote Healthy Eating and Physical Activity [2011]
  • Childhood Obesity
    • iPhone App Adherence to Expert-Recommended Guidelines for Pediatric Obesity Prevention [2014]
    • States Lack Physical Activity Policies in Child Care That Are Consistent with National Recommendations [2014]
  • International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
    • Development of a national childhood obesogenic environment index in the United States: differences by region and rurality [2020]
  • Society of Behavioral Medicine
    • Society of Behavioral Medicine (SBM) position statement: SBM supports retaining healthy school lunch policies [2015]
• Western Pacific
  • WHO Western Pacific Region
    • Regional action framework on protecting children from the harmful impact of food marketing in the Western Pacific [2020]
    • Protecting children from the harmful impact of food marketing [2019]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Guideline: implementing effective actions for improving adolescent nutrition [2018]
    • Global nutrition targets 2025: childhood overweight policy brief [2014]
    • Nutrition in adolescence - Issues and Challenges for the Health Sector [2005]
    • Reducing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages to reduce the risk of childhood overweight and obesity
    • Limiting portion sizes to reduce the risk of childhood overweight and obesity
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Obesity: diet, nutrition, physical activity
    • Obesity in children and adolescents

Obesity in children and adolescents: epidemiology

• Africa
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Body mass index vs deuterium dilution method for establishing childhood obesity prevalence, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Namibia, Senegal, Tunisia and United Republic of Tanzania [2018]
• Arab countries
  • Nutrición Hospitalaria
    • Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents in eight Arab countries: comparison between two international standards (ARABEAT-2) [2016]
• Australia
  • Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
    • Overweight and obesity among Australian children and adolescents [2020]
  • BMJ Open
    • Body composition: population epidemiology and concordance in Australian children aged 11–12 years and their parents [2019]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Trends in the Prevalence of Morbid and Severe Obesity in Australian Children Aged 7-15 Years, 1985-2012 [2016]
• Bahrain
  • Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences
    • Overweight and Obesity among Children (10-13 years) in Bahrain:A comparison between Two International Standards [2014]
• Bangladesh
  • BMC Public Health
    • Obesity and overweight in Bangladeshi children and adolescents: a scoping review [2014]
• Brazil
  • International Journal of Pediatrics
    • Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents from the Age Range of 2 to 19 Years Old in Brazil [2014]
  • Sao Paulo Medical Journal
    • Prevalence of stunting and overweight/obesity among Brazilian children according to different epidemiological scenarios: systematic review and meta-analysis [2016]
• Cameroon
  • Journal of Obesity
    • Prevalence of Overweight, Obesity, and Thinness in Cameroon Urban Children and Adolescents [2013]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Prevalence and Risk Factors of Overweight and Obesity among Children Aged 6–59 Months in Cameroon: A Multistage, Stratified Cluster Sampling Nationwide Survey [2015]
• Canada
  • CMAJ
    • Recent trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Canadian children [2016]
  • Obesity
    • Body mass index trajectories from ages 1 to 20: Results from two nationally representative canadian longitudinal cohorts [2015]
  • Public Health Agency of Canada
    • Childhood overweight and obesity trends in Canada [2016]
  • Statistics Canada
    • Body mass index, overweight or obese, self reported, youth (12 to 17 years old) [2018]
• China
  • Biomedical and Environmental Sciences
    • Gender Differences in the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity, Associated Behaviors, and Weight-related Perceptions in a National Survey of Primary School Children in China [2018]
    • A Scan of Obesogenic Environments and a Spatial Inference of Obesity Prevalence in Chinese Children and Adolescents: Based on the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey 2011 Data [2018]
  • BMJ Open
    • 25-year trends in gender disparity for obesity and overweight by using WHO and IOTF definitions among Chinese school-aged children: a multiple cross-sectional study [2016]
  • Chinese Medical Journal
    • Epidemics of overweight and obesity among growing childhood in China between 1997 and 2009: Impact of Family Income, Dietary Intake, and Physical Activity Dynamics [2015]
  • Food & Nutrition Research
    • Prevalence of obesity among students aged 6 to 12 in China: a meta-analysis [2015]
  • Obesity
    • Secular trends of obesity prevalence in Chinese children from 1985 to 2010: Urban–rural disparity [2014]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Secular Trends of Obesity Prevalence in Urban Chinese Children from 1985 to 2010: Gender Disparity [2013]
  • Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management
    • Obesity detection rate among primary school students in the People’s Republic of China: a meta-analysis [2013]
• Cuba
  • MEDICC Review
    • Excess weight and adiposity in children and adolescents in Havana, Cuba: prevalence and trends, 1972 to 2005 [2010]
• Cyprus
  • Hormones
    • A systematic review and meta-analysis of weight status among adolescents in Cyprus: scrutinizing the data for the years 2000-2010 [2014]
• Czech Republic
  • BMC Public Health
    • Trends and correlates of overweight/obesity in Czech adolescents in relation to family socioeconomic status over a 12-year study period (2002–2014) [2018]
  • Central European Journal of Public Health
    • Trends in Overweight and Obesity in Czech Schoolchildren from 1998 to 2014 [2017]
  • European Journal of Public Health
    • Trends of overweight and obesity, physical activity and sedentary behaviour in Czech schoolchildren: HBSC study [2014]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Temporal Trends in Overweight and Obesity, Physical Activity and Screen Time among Czech Adolescents from 2002 to 2014: A National Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Study [2015]
• Denmark
  • PLoS ONE
    • Trends in Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Danish Infants, Children and Adolescents – Are We Still on a Plateau? [2013]
• Developed countries
  • BMC Medicine
    • Unexpected plateauing of childhood obesity rates in developed countries [2014]
• Developing countries
  • Endocrine Reviews
    • Childhood Obesity in Developing Countries: Epidemiology, Determinants, and Prevention [2012]
• Europe
  • WHO Regional Office for Europe
    • Fact sheet - Severe obesity among children aged 6-9 years [2019]
    • WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative: overweight and obesity among 6–9-year-old children. Report of the third round of data collection 2012–2013 (2018) [2018]
    • Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) Factsheet. Highlights 2015-17 (2018) [2018]
    • 9th Meeting of the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). Meeting Report (2016) [2016]
    • Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents [2009]
• Europe, North America
  • European Journal of Public Health
    • Trends in overweight prevalence among 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds in 25 countries in Europe, Canada and USA from 2002 to 2010 [2015]
• Germany
  • BMC Public Health
    • Updated prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in 11- to 17-year-old adolescents in Germany. Results from the telephone-based KiGGS Wave 1 after correction for bias in self-reports [2015]
  • Obesity Facts
    • Changing Characteristics of Obese Children and Adolescents Entering Pediatric Lifestyle Intervention Programs in Germany over the Last 11 Years: An Adiposity Patients Registry Multicenter Analysis of 65,453 Children and Adolescents [2017]
• Germany, Austria
  • Journal of Diabetes Research
    • Overweight and Obesity Based on Four Reference Systems in 18,382 Paediatric Patients with Type 1 Diabetes from Germany and Austria [2015]
• Ghana
  • Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism
    • Childhood Obesity and Overweight in Ghana: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2020]
• Greece
  • Hormones
    • Ten-year obesity and overweight prevalence in Greek children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 2001-2010 data [2013]
• India
  • Indian Journal of Medical Research
    • Epidemiology of childhood overweight & obesity in India: A systematic review [2016]
  • Indian Pediatrics
    • Overweight and Obesity among Adolescents, A Comparative Study Between Government and Private Schools [2015]
• Iran
  • Iranian Journal of Pediatrics
    • A Systematic Review on the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity, in Iranian Children and Adolescents [2016]
  • Journal of Tehran University Heart Center
    • Trends in Obesity among Iranian Children and Adolescents: 2000–2016 [2020]
  • Korean Journal of Pediatrics
    • Prevalence of Obesity and Overweight in Iranian Children under 5 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2019]
• Ireland
  • BMC Public Health
    • School sociodemographic characteristics and obesity in schoolchildren: does the obesity definition matter? [2018]
    • Trends and prevalence of overweight and obesity in primary school aged children in the Republic of Ireland from 2002-2012: a systematic review [2014]
• Italy
  • Public Health Nutrition
    • Trends in overweight and obesity prevalence in Tuscan schoolchildren (2002–2012) [2015]
• Jordan
  • BMC Public Health
    • Prevalence of short stature, underweight, overweight, and obesity among school children in Jordan [2016]
• Mauritius
  • Globalization and Health
    • Prevalence of overweight, obesity and thinness in 9-10 year old children in Mauritius [2012]
• Peru
  • BMC Obesity
    • Early rapid weight gain and subsequent overweight and obesity in middle childhood in Peru [2016]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Geographic differences in overweight and obesity prevalence in Peruvian children, 2010–2015 [2018]
  • Revista Española de Salud Pública
    • Prevalence of Childhood Obesity by Sex and Regions in Peru, 2015 [2016]
  • Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
    • Prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity and associated factors in Peru [2015]
• Puerto Rico
  • BMC Public Health
    • High prevalence of overweight and obesity among a representative sample of Puerto Rican children [2015]
• Republic of Korea
  • BMC Public Health
    • Trends in childhood obesity and central adiposity between 1998-2001 and 2010-2012 according to household income and urbanity in Korea [2016]
  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
    • Epidemiology of Childhood Obesity in Korea [2016]
  • Journal of Epidemiology
    • Trends in Measures of Childhood Obesity in Korea From 1998 to 2012 [2016]
• Romania
  • Obesity Facts
    • Overweight and Underweight Prevalence Trends in Children from Romania - Pooled Analysis of Cross-Sectional Studies between 2006 and 2015 [2016]
• Seychelles
  • BMC Public Health
    • Secular trends in height and weight among children and adolescents of the Seychelles, 1956-2006 [2008]
• South Africa
  • BMJ Open
    • Spatial-temporal trends and risk factors for undernutrition and obesity among children (<5 years) in South Africa, 2008-2017: findings from a nationally representative longitudinal panel survey [2020]
  • Pediatric Obesity
    • Sex differences in obesity incidence: 20-year prospective cohort in South Africa [2015]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Archives of Public Health
    • Prevalence, incidence, and trends of childhood overweight/obesity in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic scoping review [2020]
  • BMJ Open
    • Prevalence and differentials of overweight and obesity in preschool children in Sub-Saharan Africa [2015]
  • Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association
    • Socioeconomic inequalities in hidden hunger, undernutrition, and overweight among under-five children in 35 sub-Saharan Africa countries [2020]
• Switzerland
  • Swiss Medical Weekly
    • Excess weight among children and adolescents in Switzerland--prevalence and correlates for the early 2010s [2014]
• United Kingdom
  • Archives of Disease in Childhood
    • Childhood obesity trends from primary care electronic health records in England between 1994 and 2013: population-based cohort study [2015]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Trends in Socioeconomic Inequalities in Body Mass Index, Underweight and Obesity among English Children, 2007–2008 to 2011–2012 [2016]
• United States of America
  • American Journal of Public Health
    • Systematic Review of Prevalence of Young Child Overweight and Obesity in the United States—Affiliated Pacific Region Compared With the 48 Contiguous States: The Children's Healthy Living Program [2015]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • State-Specific Prevalence of Obesity Among Children Aged 2–4 Years Enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children — United States, 2010–2016 [2019]
    • Prevalence of Obesity Among Youths by Household Income and Education Level of Head of Household — United States 2011–2014 [2018]
    • Trends in Obesity Among Participants Aged 2–4 Years in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children — United States, 2000–2014 [2016]
    • Childhood Obesity Facts
  • International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS
    • Social Determinants of Overweight and Obesity Among Children in the United States [2020]
  • JAMA - The Journal of the American Medical Association
    • Trends in Obesity Prevalence Among Children and Adolescents in the United States, 1988-1994 Through 2013-2014 [2016]
  • New England Journal of Medicine
    • Incidence of Childhood Obesity in the United States [2014]
  • Preventing Chronic Disease: Public Health Research, Practice and Policy
    • US States’ Childhood Obesity Surveillance Practices and Recommendations for Improving Them, 2014–2015 [2016]
• Western Pacific
  • WHO Western Pacific Region
    • Informal Consultation on Childhood Obesity Surveillance in the Western Pacific Region, Tokyo, Japan, 21-22 March 2016 : meeting report [2016]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents, BMI>+2 standard deviation above the median, crude - Estimates by country, among children aged 5-19 years
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Obesity: epidemiology
    • Obesity in children and adolescents

Obesity in children and adolescents: prevention, treatment

• Africa
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Childhood Obesity Prevention in Africa: A Systematic Review of Intervention Effectiveness and Implementation [2019]
• Australia
  • BMC Public Health
    • Interventions to prevent or treat childhood obesity in Maori & Pacific Islanders: a systematic review [2020]
  • Health Research Policy and Systems
    • Does citation matter? Research citation in policy documents as an indicator of research impact – an Australian obesity policy case-study [2018]
• Canada
  • Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
    • A socioecological framework to understand weight-related issues in Aboriginal children in Canada [2012]
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Interventions for the Prevention or Management of Childhood Obesity: A Review of the Clinical Evidence [2013]
  • Canadian Paediatric Society
    • Psychosocial aspects of child and adolescent obesity [2012]
  • Registered Nurses Association of Ontario
    • Primary Prevention of Childhood Obesity [2014]
• China
  • PLoS ONE
    • Systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based obesity interventions in mainland China [2017]
• Colombia
  • Preventing Chronic Disease: Public Health Research, Practice and Policy
    • Individual, Family, and Community Predictors of Overweight and Obesity Among Colombian Children and Adolescents [2014]
• Europe
  • European Association for the Study of Obesity
    • The Ethics of Childhood Obesity Treatment - from the Childhood Obesity Task Force (COTF) of European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) [2014]
  • Nutrition Reviews
    • Effectiveness of social marketing strategies to reduce youth obesity in European school-based interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2016]
  • WHO Regional Office for Europe
    • Evidence for gender responsive actions to prevent and manage overweight and obesity [2011]
• Germany
  • Obesity Facts
    • Current Guidelines for Obesity Prevention in Childhood and Adolescence [2018]
• India
  • Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
    • Determinants, consequences and prevention of childhood overweight and obesity: An Indian context [2014]
  • Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine
    • Prevention of childhood obesity in India: Way forward [2015]
• International
  • Annali dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanità
    • Highly-integrated programs for the prevention of obesity and overweight in children and adolescents: results from a systematic review and meta-analysis [2018]
• Ireland
  • BMC Public Health
    • Barriers and facilitators to adoption, implementation and sustainment of obesity prevention interventions in schoolchildren– a DEDIPAC case study [2019]
• Lebanon
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Time to Act: Lessons Learnt from the First Pilot School-Based Intervention Study from Lebanon to Prevent and Reduce Childhood Obesity [2015]
• Mexico
  • Global Health Action
    • Obesity-promoting factors in Mexican children and adolescents: challenges and opportunities [2016]
• Netherlands
  • PLoS ONE
    • A set of pedagogical recommendations for improving the integrated approach to childhood overweight and obesity: A Delphi study [2020]
• New Zealand
  • Ministry of Health New Zealand
    • Children and Young People Living Well and Staying Well: New Zealand Childhood Obesity Programme Baseline Report 2016/17 [2017]
• Poland
  • WHO Regional Office for Europe
    • Reducing childhood obesity in Poland by effective policies (2017) [2017]
• Republic of Korea
  • Healthcare Informatics Research
    • Development of Child-Teen Obesity Treatment Service Platform [2016]
• Spain
  • Journal of Epidemiology
    • Cost-Effectiveness of the EdAl (Educació en Alimentació) Program: A Primary School-Based Study to Prevent Childhood Obesity [2018]
• United Kingdom
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • Systematic review to identify and appraise outcome measures used to evaluate childhood obesity treatment interventions (CoOR): evidence of purpose, application, validity, reliability and sensitivity [2014]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Obesity: prevention and lifestyle weight management in children and young people [2015]
  • NHS Health Scotland
    • Interventions to prevent childhood overweight and obesity within schools [2017]
  • Public Health England
    • Promoting healthy weight in children, young people and families
    • Healthier weight conversations: support for professionals
    • Family weight management: changing behaviour techniques
• United States of America
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Screening for Obesity and Interventions for Weight Management in Children and Adolescents [2017]
    • Effectiveness of Primary Care Interventions for Weight Management in Children and Adolescents [2010]
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Preventing Obesity and Eating Disorders in Adolescents [2016]
    • The Role of the Pediatrician in Primary Prevention of Obesity [2015]
    • Prevention of Pediatric Overweight and Obesity [2007]
    • Expert Committee Recommendations Regarding the Prevention, Assessment, and Treatment of Child and Adolescent Overweight and Obesity: Summary Report [2007]
  • American Heart Association
    • Approaches to the Prevention and Management of Childhood Obesity: The Role of Social Networks and the Use of Social Media and Related Electronic Technologies [2013]
    • Evaluating Parents and Adult Caregivers as “Agents of Change” for Treating Obese Children: Evidence for Parent Behavior Change Strategies and Research Gaps: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association [2012]
    • Overweight in Children and Adolescents: Pathophysiology, Consequences, Prevention, and Treatment [2005]
  • Endocrine Society
    • Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Obesity: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline Based on Expert Opinion [2008]
  • Hawai‘i Journal of Medicine & Public Health
    • The Childhood Obesity Prevention Task Force (ACT 269): recommendations for obesity prevention in Hawai'i [2013]
  • Michigan Quality Improvement Consortium
    • Treatment of Childhood Overweight and Obesity [2018]
    • Prevention and Identification of Childhood Overweight and Obesity [2018]
  • Nutrición Hospitalaria
    • Childhood overweight and obesity prevention interventions among Hispanic children in the United States: systematic review [2013]
  • Seminars in Pediatric Neurology
    • Adolescent Bariatric Surgery Program Characteristics: The Teen Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (Teen-LABS) Study Experience [2013]
  • Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine
    • Preventing and Treating Adolescent Obesity: A Position Paper of the Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine [2016]
  • U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
    • Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Screening [2017]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Assessing and managing children at primary health-care facilities to prevent overweight and obesity in the context of the double burden of malnutrition [2017]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Obesity in children and adolescents

Obesity: diet, nutrition, physical activity

• America
  • Pan American Health Organization
    • Pan American Health Organization Nutrient Profile Model [2016]
• Arab countries
  • Nutrición Hospitalaria
    • The Food Dome: dietary guidelines for Arab countries [2012]
• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • The 2013 Australian dietary guidelines and recommendations for older Australians [2015]
    • Overweight and obesity – use of portion control in management [2010]
  • Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
    • Poor diet [2019]
  • National Health and Medical Research Council
    • Australian Dietary Guidelines (2013) [2013]
  • Nutrients
    • Compliance with Dietary Guidelines Varies by Weight Status: A Cross-Sectional Study of Australian Adults [2018]
    • Interpreting the Australian Dietary Guideline to “Limit” into Practical and Personalised Advice [2015]
  • Nutrition Australia
    • Nutrition Australia
  • Scientific Reports
    • Typical food portion sizes consumed by Australian adults: results from the 2011–12 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey [2016]
• Austria
  • Wiener klinische Wochenschrift
    • Evaluation of a meal replacement-based weight management program in primary care settings according to the actual European Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Obesity in Adults [2014]
• Barbados
  • International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
    • Assessing the impact of the Barbados sugar-sweetened beverage tax on beverage sales: an observational study [2019]
• Canada
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • Canada’s new Healthy Eating Strategy [2019]
  • Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology
    • New Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines [2011]
  • Health Canada
    • Canada’s food guide stakeholder toolkit [2019]
    • Health Canada's healthy eating strategy
    • Canada’s dietary guidelines
    • Canada's Food Guide
  • Nutrients
    • Assessment of Packaged Foods and Beverages Carrying Nutrition Marketing against Canada’s Food Guide Recommendations [2019]
  • Nutrition Journal
    • Association of breakfast consumption with body mass index and prevalence of overweight/obesity in a nationally-representative survey of Canadian adults [2016]
  • Public Health Agency of Canada
    • Healthy food procurement and nutrition standards in public facilities: evidence synthesis and consensus policy recommendations [2018]
  • Statistics Canada
    • An examination of the associations between walkable neighbourhoods and obesity and self-rated health in Canadians [2019]
• Caribbean
  • Pan American Health Organization
    • Recommended Nutrient Intakes and Population Nutrient Intake Goals for the Caribbean [2020]
• China
  • BMC Public Health
    • Is economic environment associated with the physical activity levels and obesity in Chinese adults? A cross-sectional study of 30 regions in China [2017]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Modeling the Effect of Physical Activity on Obesity in China: Evidence from the Longitudinal China Health and Nutrition Study 1989–2011 [2017]
    • A Review of the Growth of the Fast Food Industry in China and Its Potential Impact on Obesity [2016]
  • Nutrients
    • The Development of a Chinese Healthy Eating Index and Its Application in the General Population [2017]
  • Obesity Reviews
    • The emergence of cardiometabolic disease risk in Chinese children and adults: consequences of changes in diet, physical activity, and obesity [2014]
    • Synthesis and Implications: China’s Nutrition Transition in the Context of Changes Across other Low and Middle Income Countries [2014]
    • Dynamics of the Chinese Diet and the Role of Urbanicity, 1991–2011 [2014]
    • China in the period of transition from scarcity and extensive undernutrition to emerging nutrition-related noncommunicable diseases, 1949–1992 [2014]
• Eastern Mediterranean
  • WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean
    • Summary report on the Regional meeting on tackling obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region with more focus on healthy diet [2019]
    • Promoting a healthy diet for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: user-friendly guide [2012]
• Eastern Mediterranean, Middle East
  • Nutrients
    • Food-Based Dietary Guidelines around the World: Eastern Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Countries [2019]
• Estonia
  • WHO Regional Office for Europe
    • Evidence brief for policy. Reducing the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and their negative health impact in Estonia (2016) [2016]
• Europe
  • WHO Regional Office for Europe
    • Improving dietary intake and achieving food product improvement: Policy opportunities and challenges for the WHO European Region in reducing salt and sugar in the diet (2020) [2020]
    • What is the evidence on the policy specifications, development processes and effectiveness of existing front-of-pack food labelling policies in the WHO European Region? (2018) [2018]
    • Better food and nutrition in Europe – Progress report (2018) [2018]
    • European Food and Nutrition Action Plan 2015–2020 [2015]
    • Country profiles on nutrition, physical activity and obesity in the 53 WHO European Region Member States. Methodology and summary [2013]
    • Country profiles on nutrition, physical activity and obesity in the 28 European Union Member States of the WHO European Region. Methodology and summary [2013]
    • Overview of implementation of statutory and self-regulatory codes in the area of marketing foods and beverages to children in European Union Member States [2010]
    • WHO European action plan for food and nutrition policy 2007-2012 [2008]
• France
  • Nutrients
    • French Recommendations for Sugar Intake in Adults: A Novel Approach Chosen by ANSES [2018]
  • PLoS Medicine
    • Ultra-processed food intake in association with BMI change and risk of overweight and obesity: A prospective analysis of the French NutriNet-Santé cohort [2020]
    • Adherence to the 2017 French dietary guidelines and adult weight gain: A cohort study [2019]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Dietary Quality and 6-Year Anthropometric Changes in a Sample of French Middle-Aged Overweight and Obese Adults [2014]
• Germany
  • BMC Public Health
    • Taxing sugar-sweetened beverages: impact on overweight and obesity in Germany [2017]
• Ibero-America
  • Nutrients
    • Ibero–American Consensus on Low- and No-Calorie Sweeteners: Safety, Nutritional Aspects and Benefits in Food and Beverages [2018]
• India
  • Indian Council of Medical Research
    • Dietary Guidelines for Indians [2011]
  • Nutrients
    • Sugar Intake, Obesity, and Diabetes in India [2014]
• Indonesia
  • Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    • Taking the Indonesian nutrition history to leap into betterment of the future generation: development of the Indonesian Nutrition Guidelines [2011]
    • Do Indonesians follow its Dietary Guidelines? - evidence related to food consumption, healthy lifestyle, and nutritional status within the period 2000-2010 [2011]
• International
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Textual analysis of sugar industry influence on the World Health Organization’s 2015 sugars intake guideline [2016]
    • The effect of fiscal policy on diet, obesity and chronic disease: a systematic review [2010]
  • Current Obesity Reports
    • Food Policy Approaches to Obesity Prevention: An International Perspective [2014]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Progress Evaluation for Transnational Restaurant Chains to Reformulate Products and Standardize Portions to Meet Healthy Dietary Guidelines and Reduce Obesity and Non-Communicable Disease Risks, 2000–2018: A Scoping and Systematic Review to Inform Policy [2019]
  • International Journal of Obesity
    • International Study of Objectively-measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Body Mass Index and Obesity: IPEN Adult Study [2015]
  • Lancet Planetary Health
    • Health and nutritional aspects of sustainable diet strategies and their association with environmental impacts: a global modelling analysis with country-level detail [2018]
  • PLoS Medicine
    • Artificially Sweetened Beverages and the Response to the Global Obesity Crisis [2017]
• Italy
  • Epidemiologia e Prevenzione
    • From surveillance to development of nutritional guidelines [2015]
• Latin America
  • Cadernos de Saúde Pública
    • Trends in dietary patterns of Latin American populations [2003]
  • Pan American Health Organization
    • Ultra-processed food and drink products in Latin America: Sales, sources, nutrient profiles, and policy implications [2019]
    • Ultra-processed food and drink products in Latin America: Trends, impact on obesity, policy implications [2015]
• Lebanon
  • BMC Public Health
    • Diet, physical activity and socio-economic disparities of obesity in Lebanese adults: findings from a national study [2015]
• Malawi
  • FANTA (Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance III Project)
    • Malawi’s National Guidelines on Nutrition Care, Support, and Treatment for Adolescents and Adults [2014]
• Malaysia
  • Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    • Intake of added sugar in Malaysia: a review [2016]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Physical activity and overweight/obesity among Malaysian adults: findings from the 2015 National Health and morbidity survey (NHMS) [2017]
  • NutriWeb Malaysia
    • NutriWeb Malaysia
• Mexico
  • Pan American Health Organization
    • Taxes on Sugar-sweetened Beverages as a Public Health Strategy: The Experience of Mexico [2015]
• Middle-income countries
  • PLoS ONE
    • Taxes on Sugar-Sweetened Beverages to Reduce Overweight and Obesity in Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review [2016]
• Netherlands
  • Nutrients
    • Total, Free, and Added Sugar Consumption and Adherence to Guidelines: The Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007–2010 [2016]
• New Zealand
  • Ministry of Health New Zealand
    • Eating and Activity Guidelines for New Zealand Adults [2020]
    • How We Eat – Reviews of the evidence on food and eating behaviours related to diet and body size [2017]
    • Evaluation of the Food and Nutrition Guidelines Series [2014]
    • Guidelines on Physical Activity for Older People (aged 65 years and over) [2013]
    • Food and Nutrition Guidelines for Healthy Older People: A background paper [2013]
  • Nutrients
    • Exploring the Dietary Patterns of Young New Zealand Women and Associations with BMI and Body Fat [2016]
• Philippines
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Development of a sweetened beverage tax, Philippines [2019]
• Poland
  • Przeglad Menopauzalny = Menopause Review
    • Guidelines for dietary management of menopausal women with simple obesity [2015]
• Republic of Korea
  • PLoS ONE
    • Associations between Physical Activity and Obesity Defined by Waist-To-Height Ratio and Body Mass Index in the Korean Population [2016]
• Romania
  • WHO Regional Office for Europe
    • Linear programming to build food-based dietary guidelines: Romanian food baskets (2016) [2016]
• Samoa
  • American Journal of Human Biology
    • Long-term trends in food availability, food prices, and obesity in Samoa [2012]
• Singapore
  • Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    • Dietary guidelines in Singapore [2011]
• South Africa
  • BMC Public Health
    • Evidence to support a food-based dietary guideline on sugar consumption in South Africa [2012]
• Spain
  • Nutrición Hospitalaria
    • The Spanish diet: an update [2013]
    • Associated factors of obesity in Spanish representative samples [2013]
    • Evidence-based nutritional recommendations for the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults (FESNAD-SEEDO consensus document): The role of diet in obesity treatment (III/III) [2012]
    • Evidence-based nutritional recommendations for the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults (FESNAD-SEEDO consensus document): The role of diet in obesity prevention (II/III) [2012]
    • Evidence-based nutritional recommendations for the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults (FESNAD-SEEDO consensus document): Methodology and executive summary (I/III) [2012]
• Switzerland
  • Nutrients
    • The Importance of Sweet Beverage Definitions When Targeting Health Policies—The Case of Switzerland [2020]
    • The Contribution of Diet Quality to Socioeconomic Inequalities in Obesity: A Population-based Study of Swiss Adults [2019]
• Thailand
  • Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    • Food based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) development and promotion in Thailand [2011]
• United Kingdom
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Labelling changes in response to a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland [2019]
  • Department of Health and Social Care
    • Healthy eating
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • Systematic reviews of and integrated report on the quantitative, qualitative and economic evidence base for the management of obesity in men [2014]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Maintaining a healthy weight and preventing excess weight gain among adults and children [2015]
    • Diet - NICE Pathways [2011]
  • Public Health England
    • The Eatwell Guide
    • Healthy weight environments: using the planning system
    • Healthy eating
    • Health matters: obesity and the food environment
  • Royal College of General Practitioners
    • Nutrition
  • Scottish Government
    • Healthy weight communities: programme evaluation [2011]
    • Healthy Eating, Active Living: An action plan to improve diet, increase physical activity and tackle obesity (2008-2011) [2008]
• United States of America
  • Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
    • Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Interventions for the Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults [2016]
    • Adult weight management
  • Advances in Nutrition
    • What Do Government Agencies Consider in the Debate Over Added Sugars? [2013]
  • American Heart Association
    • Implementing American Heart Association Pediatric and Adult Nutrition Guidelines [2009]
    • Dietary Recommendations for Children and Adolescents: A Guide for Practitioners [2006]
    • Diet and Lifestyle Recommendations Revision 2006: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee [2006]
    • Dietary Recommendations for Children and Adolescents: A Guide for Practitioners: Consensus Statement From the American Heart Association [2005]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Prevalence of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake Among Adults — 23 States and the District of Columbia, 2013 [2016]
    • Nutrition
    • Healthy Food Service Guidelines
    • Exercise or Physical Activity
  • International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
    • Calorie menu labeling on quick-service restaurant menus: an updated systematic review of the literature [2011]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Variations in Obesity Rates between US Counties: Impacts of Activity Access, Food Environments, and Settlement Patterns [2017]
  • JAMA - The Journal of the American Medical Association
    • Behavioral Treatment of Obesity in Patients Encountered in Primary Care Settings: A Systematic Review [2014]
  • Journal of Nutrition
    • The Healthy Eating Index-2010 Is a Valid and Reliable Measure of Diet Quality According to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans [2014]
  • Journal of Obesity
    • A Study of the Relationship between Food Group Recommendations and Perceived Stress: Findings from Black Women in the Deep South [2015]
    • Weight Loss Maintenance in African American Women: A Systematic Review of the Behavioral Lifestyle Intervention Literature [2013]
  • Mayo Clinic Proceedings
    • The Inadmissibility of ‘What We Eat In America’ (WWEIA) and NHANES Dietary Data in Nutrition & Obesity Research and the Scientific Formulation of National Dietary Guidelines [2015]
  • National Academies Press
    • Physical Activity: Moving Toward Obesity Solutions: Workshop Summary [2015]
  • Nutrients
    • A Diet for Healthy Weight: Why Reaching a Consensus Seems Difficult [2020]
  • Nutrition Journal
    • Whole grain consumption trends and associations with body weight measures in the United States: results from the cross sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2012 [2016]
    • Are restrictive guidelines for added sugars science based? [2015]
  • Nutrition.gov
    • Nutrition.gov
  • Preventing Chronic Disease: Public Health Research, Practice and Policy
    • The State of Evaluation Research on Food Policies to Reduce Obesity and Diabetes Among Adults in the United States, 2000–2011 [2015]
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
    • Dietary Guidelines
• Vietnam
  • Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    • Food based dietary guidelines in Vietnam: progress and lessons learned [2011]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour [2020]
    • WHO Guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour: Web Annex Evidence profiles [2020]
    • Sustainable healthy diets: guiding principles [2019]
    • Strengthening nutrition action: a resource guide for countries based on the policy recommendations of the Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2) [2018]
    • Sugars intake for adults and children [2015]
    • Global recommendations on physical activity for health [2010]
    • Reducing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages to reduce the risk of unhealthy weight gain in adults
    • Physical Activity
    • Nutrition
    • Healthy diet: Fact sheet
    • Diet
    • Controlling the global obesity epidemic
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Obesity in children and adolescents: diet, nutrition, physical activity
    • Obesity

Obesity: epidemiology

• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • BMI of Australian general practice patients [2006]
  • Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
    • Overweight and obesity in Australia: an updated birth cohort analysis [2020]
    • A framework for monitoring overweight and obesity in Australia [2020]
    • Data sources for monitoring overweight and obesity in Australia [2019]
    • Overweight and obesity rates across Australia 2014–15 [2018]
    • Overweight and obesity in Australia: a birth cohort analysis [2017]
    • An interactive insight into overweight and obesity in Australia, How many people are overweight or obese? [2017]
    • A picture of overweight and obesity in Australia [2017]
  • Nutrients
    • The Australian Paradox: A Substantial Decline in Sugars Intake over the Same Timeframe that Overweight and Obesity Have Increased [2011]
• Bangladesh
  • BMJ Open
    • Differences in prevalence and associated factors of underweight and overweight/obesity according to rural–urban residence strata among women of reproductive age in Bangladesh: evidence from a cross-sectional national survey [2020]
• Brazil
  • Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
    • Obesity Epidemic in Brazil and Argentina: A Public Health Concern [2014]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Gender, time use and overweight and obesity in adults: Results of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) [2018]
• Canada
  • BMJ Open
    • Prevalence of age-specific and sex-specific overweight and obesity in Ontario and Quebec, Canada: a cross-sectional study using direct measures of height and weight [2018]
  • CMAJ Open
    • Current and predicted prevalence of obesity in Canada: a trend analysis [2014]
  • Public Health Agency of Canada
    • Trends and projections of obesity among Canadians [2015]
    • Obesity in Canada [2011]
  • Statistics Canada
    • Body weight and obesity
• China
  • American Journal of Preventive Medicine
    • Prevalence and Secular Trends in Obesity Among Chinese Adults, 1991–2011 [2015]
  • American Journal of Public Health
    • Prevalence of Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity Among Reproductive-Age Women and Adolescent Girls in Rural China [2016]
  • BMC Public Health
    • The prevalence and increasing trends of overweight, general obesity, and abdominal obesity among Chinese adults: a repeated cross-sectional study [2019]
  • Obesity Reviews
    • Overweight Dynamics in Chinese Children and Adults [2014]
    • Secular trends in the prevalence of general and abdominal obesity among Chinese adults, 1993–2009 [2012]
• Cuba
  • MEDICC Review
    • Overweight, obesity, central adiposity and associated chronic diseases in Cuban adults [2009]
• Developing countries
  • Nutrition Reviews
    • The Global Nutrition Transition: The Pandemic of Obesity in Developing Countries [2012]
• Ecuador
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    • The double burden of undernutrition and excess body weight in Ecuador [2014]
• Europe
  • Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
    • Assessment of epidemiological obesity among adults in EU countries [2019]
  • Endocrine
    • Changes in prevalence of obesity and high waist circumference over four years across European regions: the European male ageing study (EMAS) [2016]
  • European Association for the Study of Obesity
    • Monitoring the Obesity Epidemic into the 21st Century - Weighing the Evidence [2013]
  • Obesity Facts
    • Forecasting Future Trends in Obesity across Europe: The Value of Improving Surveillance [2018]
  • SAGE Open Medicine
    • Getting to grips with the obesity epidemic in Europe [2016]
• Gambia
  • BMJ Open
    • The silent epidemic of obesity in The Gambia: evidence from a nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional health examination survey [2020]
• Germany
  • BMC Geriatrics
    • Prevalence and determinants of overweight and obesity in old age in Germany [2015]
  • Obesity Facts
    • Socioeconomic Inequalities in the Rise of Adult Obesity: A Time-Trend Analysis of National Examination Data from Germany, 1990–2011 [2019]
    • Changes in Waist Circumference among German Adults over Time - Compiling Results of Seven Prospective Cohort Studies [2016]
• Ghana
  • BMC Public Health
    • Overweight and obesity epidemic in Ghana—a systematic review and meta-analysis [2016]
    • Double burden of malnutrition: increasing overweight and obesity and stall underweight trends among Ghanaian women [2015]
• India
  • BMC Public Health
    • Do trends in the prevalence of overweight by socio-economic position differ between India’s most and least economically developed states? [2019]
  • BMJ Open
    • Trends in the socioeconomic patterning of overweight/obesity in India: a repeated cross-sectional study using nationally representative data [2018]
  • Indian Journal of Medical Research
    • Prevalence of generalized & abdominal obesity in urban & rural India- the ICMR - INDIAB Study (Phase-I) [ICMR - INDIAB-3] [2015]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Forecasting the prevalence of overweight and obesity in India to 2040 [2020]
• International
  • Demographic and Health Surveys
    • Nutrition
  • Lancet
    • Global, regional and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults 1980-2013: A systematic analysis [2014]
  • PharmacoEconomics
    • The Epidemiology of Obesity: A Big Picture [2015]
• Iran
  • Acta Medica Iranica
    • Investigation of the Prevalence of Obesity in Iran: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study [2015]
  • BMC Public Health
    • The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Iranian military personnel: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]
  • Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine
    • Changes in Obesity Odds Ratio among Iranian Adults, since 2000: Quadratic Inference Functions Method [2016]
  • Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases
    • Trends of Obesity in Iranian Adults from 1990s to late 2000s; a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2013]
• Japan
  • Journal of Epidemiology
    • Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and the Prevalence of Underweight, Overweight or Obesity in a General Japanese Population: NIPPON DATA2010 [2018]
  • Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology
    • Monitoring Obesity Trends in Health Japan 21 [2015]
  • Journal of Occupational Health
    • Five-year cumulative incidence of overweight and obesity, and longitudinal change in body mass index in Japanese workers: The Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study [2019]
• Kuwait
  • Journal of Obesity
    • A Review of Adult Obesity Prevalence, Trends, Risk Factors, and Epidemiologic Methods in Kuwait [2013]
• Latin America and the Caribbean
  • Lancet Global Health
    • The shift of obesity burden by socioeconomic status between 1998 and 2017 in Latin America and the Caribbean: a cross-sectional series study [2019]
• Lebanon
  • BMC Public Health
    • Trends in overweight and obesity in Lebanon: evidence from two national cross-sectional surveys (1997 and 2009) [2012]
• Libya
  • Libyan Journal of Medicine
    • Obesity in Libya: a review [2012]
• Low and middle-income countries
  • Obesity Reviews
    • New dynamics in global obesity facing low- and middle-income countries [2013]
• Luxembourg
  • BMC Research Notes
    • Socioeconomic inequality and obesity prevalence trends in luxembourg, 1995-2007 [2012]
• Maldives
  • PLoS ONE
    • Prevalence and associated factors of underweight, overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age group in the Maldives: Evidence from a nationally representative study [2020]
• Mexico
  • BMC Public Health
    • Time trends and sex differences in associations between socioeconomic status indicators and overweight-obesity in Mexico (2006–2012) [2015]
  • Global Health Action
    • Regional-level estimation of expected years of life lost attributable to overweight and obesity among Mexican adults [2016]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Educational Inequalities in Obesity among Mexican Women: Time-Trends from 1988 to 2012 [2014]
• Netherlands
  • Geospatial Health
    • Geographic clustering and region-specific determinants of obesity in the Netherlands [2020]
• New Zealand
  • Ministry of Health New Zealand
    • Understanding Excess Body Weight: New Zealand Health Survey [2015]
• Pakistan
  • Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad
    • Obesity, An Emerging Epidemic in Pakistan - A Review of Evidence [2016]
• Panama
  • BMC Public Health
    • Prevalence of obesity in Panama: some risk factors and associated diseases [2015]
• Peru
  • Preventing Chronic Disease: Public Health Research, Practice and Policy
    • Parity and Overweight/Obesity in Peruvian Women [2017]
• Poland
  • European Journal of Public Health
    • Secular trends in BMI and the prevalence of obesity in young Polish males from 1965 to 2010 [2014]
• Portugal
  • BMC Public Health
    • Prevalence of general and abdominal obesity in Portugal: comprehensive results from the National Food, nutrition and physical activity survey 2015–2016 [2018]
    • Differing trends in the association between obesity and self-reported health in Portugal and Switzerland. Data from national health surveys 1992-2007 [2012]
• Republic of Korea
  • PLoS ONE
    • Sex-specific role of education on the associations of socioeconomic status indicators with obesity risk: A population-based study in South Korea [2018]
  • World Journal of Men's Health
    • Obesity in Korean Men: Results from the Fourth through Sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2007~2014) [2016]
• Russia
  • Obesity Reviews
    • Overweight and Obesity in the Russian Population: Prevalence in Adults and Association with Socioeconomic Parameters and Cardiovascular Risk Factors [2019]
• Saudi Arabia
  • Preventing Chronic Disease: Public Health Research, Practice and Policy
    • Obesity and Associated Factors — Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2013 [2014]
• South Africa
  • BMC Obesity
    • Obesity trends and risk factors in the South African adult population [2015]
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Transitions between body mass index categories, South Africa [2020]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Socioeconomic Inequalities in Adult Obesity Prevalence in South Africa: A Decomposition Analysis [2014]
• South Asia
  • Nutrients
    • Obesity and Dyslipidemia in South Asians [2013]
• Southern Cone
  • PLoS ONE
    • Prevalence, Distributions and Determinants of Obesity and Central Obesity in the Southern Cone of America [2016]
• Spain
  • International Journal for Equity in Health
    • Unconditional quantile regressions to determine the social gradient of obesity in Spain 1993–2014 [2016]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • BMC Public Health
    • Overweight and obesity among women: analysis of demographic and health survey data from 32 Sub-Saharan African Countries [2016]
• Switzerland
  • Obesity Facts
    • From Undernutrition to Overnutrition: The Evolution of Overweight and Obesity among Young Men in Switzerland since the 19th Century [2016]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Socioeconomic, Temporal and Regional Variation in Body Mass Index among 188,537 Swiss Male Conscripts Born between 1986 and 1992 [2014]
• Syria
  • Vascular Health and Risk Management
    • CVD and obesity in transitional Syria: a perspective from the Middle East [2012]
• Tunisia
  • Population Health Metrics
    • Abdominal vs. overall obesity among women in a nutrition transition context: geographic and socio-economic patterns of abdominal-only obesity in Tunisia [2015]
• Uganda
  • BMC Obesity
    • Prevalence and correlates of abdominal obesity among adults in Uganda: findings from a national cross-sectional, population based survey 2014 [2018]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Spatial Distribution of Underweight, Overweight and Obesity among Women and Children: Results from the 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey [2013]
  • Obesity Science & Practice
    • Trend in overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age in Uganda: 1995–2016 [2019]
• United Kingdom
  • BMC Public Health
    • Unevenly distributed: A systematic review of the health literature about socioeconomic inequalities in adult obesity in the United Kingdom [2012]
  • British Journal of General Practice
    • Epidemiology of adult overweight recording and management by UK GPs: a systematic review [2017]
  • NHS Digital
    • Statistics on Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet
  • PLoS Medicine
    • How Has the Age-Related Process of Overweight or Obesity Development Changed over Time? Co-ordinated Analyses of Individual Participant Data from Five United Kingdom Birth Cohorts [2015]
  • Scottish Government
    • Obesity Indicators: Monitoring Progress for the Prevention of Obesity Route Map - December 2016 report [2016]
• United Arab Emirates
  • Journal of Obesity
    • The Epidemiology and Economic Burden of Obesity and Related Cardiometabolic Disorders in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review and Qualitative Synthesis [2018]
• Uruguay
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    • Double burden of undernutrition and obesity in Uruguay [2014]
• United States of America
  • American Journal of Preventive Medicine
    • Prevalence and Trends in Lifetime Obesity in the U.S., 1988–2014 [2017]
    • Obesity Among U.S.- and Foreign-Born Blacks by Region of Birth [2015]
  • American Society for Nutrition
    • Can a small-changes approach help address the obesity epidemic? A report of the Joint Task Force of the American Society for Nutrition, Institute of Food Technologists, and International Food Information Council [2009]
  • BMC Obesity
    • Obesity trends by industry of employment in the United States, 2004 to 2011 [2016]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Obesity Prevalence Among Adults Living in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Counties — United States, 2016 [2018]
    • Prevalence of Obesity Among Adults, by Household Income and Education — United States, 2011–2014 [2017]
    • Overweight Prevalence
    • Data & Statistics | Overweight & Obesity
    • Adult Obesity Facts
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • The Prevalence of Overfat Adults and Children in the US [2017]
  • Gastroenterology Clinics of North America
    • Obesity epidemiology trends by race/ethnicity, gender, and education: National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2012 [2016]
  • New England Journal of Medicine
    • Simulation of Growth Trajectories of Childhood Obesity into Adulthood [2017]
  • Obesity
    • Regional Disparities in Obesity Prevalence in the United States: A Spatial Regime Analysis [2014]
  • Obesity Reviews
    • Obesity and Mortality: Are the Risks Declining? Evidence from Multiple Prospective Studies in the U.S [2014]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Redrawing the US Obesity Landscape: Bias-Corrected Estimates of State-Specific Adult Obesity Prevalence [2016]
    • Change in Obesity Prevalence across the United States Is Influenced by Recreational and Healthcare Contexts, Food Environments, and Hispanic Populations [2016]
  • Population Health Metrics
    • Measuring and tracking obesity inequality in the United States: evidence from NHANES, 1971-2014 [2016]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Body Mass Index (BMI)
• Zimbabwe
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Trends in Prevalence and Related Risk Factors of Overweight and Obesity among Women of Reproductive Age in Zimbabwe, 2005–2015 [2019]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Obesity in children and adolescents: epidemiology
    • Obesity

Obesity: genetics

• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Genetics of obesity [2017]
• Europe
  • BMC Medical Genomics
    • FTO haplotyping underlines high obesity risk for European populations [2019]
• High-income countries
  • SAGE Open Medicine
    • The obesity epidemic – Nature via nurture: A narrative review of high-income countries [2020]
• India
  • Journal of Genetics
    • Genetics of obesity and its measures in India [2018]
• International
  • Obesity
    • Genetics of Obesity in Consanguineous Populations: Toward Precision Medicine and the Discovery of Novel Obesity Genes [2018]
• United Kingdom
  • Scientific Reports
    • Sex-specific moderation by lifestyle and psychosocial factors on the genetic contributions to adiposity in 112,151 individuals from UK Biobank [2019]
• United States of America
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Behavior, environment, and genetic factors all have a role in causing people to be overweight and obese
  • Endocrine Society
    • Obesity Pathogenesis: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement [2017]
  • Journal of Obesity
    • Genetics of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in African Americans [2013]
  • National Academies Press
    • Examining a Developmental Approach to Childhood Obesity [2015]
  • Obesity
    • NIH working group report—using genomic information to guide weight management: From universal to precision treatment [2015]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Obesity

Obesity: pharmacologic treatment

• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Pharmacotherapy for obesity [2017]
• Europe
  • European Association for the Study of Obesity
    • 2014 EASO Position Statement on the Use of Anti-Obesity Drugs [2015]
  • European Medicines Agency
    • Guideline on clinical evaluation of medicinal products used in weight management [2016]
• India
  • Association of Physicians of India
    • Pharmacotherapy of Obesity [2017]
• International
  • BMC Medicine
    • Post-marketing withdrawal of anti-obesity medicinal products because of adverse drug reactions: a systematic review [2016]
• Saudi Arabia
  • Scientific World Journal
    • Safety Evaluation of Local Weight-Gain Formulas in the Saudi Arabian Markets [2015]
• United Kingdom
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Liraglutide for managing overweight and obesity [2020]
    • Obese, overweight with risk factors: liraglutide (Saxenda) [2017]
    • Naltrexone–bupropion for managing overweight and obesity [2017]
• United States of America
  • Endocrine Society
    • Pharmacological management of obesity: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline [2015]
  • Obesity
    • Treatment of obesity: Pharmacotherapy trends in the United States from 1999 to 2010 [2015]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Obesity

Obesity: prevention, treatment

• Asia
  • Medicine
    • Acupuncture and weight loss in Asians: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]
• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Obesity and weight management at menopause [2017]
    • Obesity – recommendations for management in general practice and beyond [2013]
  • Health Promotion International
    • A snapshot of the scope of obesity prevention practice in Australia [2015]
• Australia, New Zealand
  • Royal Australasian College of Physicians
    • RACP Position Statement on Obesity [2018]
    • RACP Evidence review on obesity [2018]
• Canada
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • Family physicians and obese patients [2017]
  • Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care
    • Obesity in Adults (2015) [2015]
• China
  • Obesity Reviews
    • Program and Policy Options for Preventing Obesity in China [2013]
• Eastern Mediterranean
  • WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean
    • Summary report on Developing an action plan for preventing obesity and diabetes in the Eastern Mediterranean Region Geneva, Switzerland 31 May–1 June 2016 [2017]
    • Proposed policy priorities for preventing obesity and diabetes in the Eastern Mediterranean Region [2017]
• Europe
  • European Association for the Study of Obesity
    • An EASO Position Statement on Multidisciplinary Obesity Management in Adults [2014]
  • WHO Regional Office for Europe
    • Good practice appraisal tool for obesity prevention programmes, projects, initiatives and interventions [2011]
• Fiji
  • BioMed Research International
    • Perspectives of Fijian Policymakers on the Obesity Prevention Policy Landscape [2015]
• Germany
  • Deutsches Ärzteblatt International
    • The Prevention and Treatment of Obesity [2014]
• International
  • Cadernos de Saúde Pública
    • Quality assessment of clinical guidelines for the treatment of obesity in adults: application of the AGREE II instrument [2018]
• Iran
  • Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran
    • Health technology assessment of non-invasive interventions for weight loss and body shape in Iran [2016]
• Mexico
  • Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy
    • Lifestyle intervention for obesity: a call to transform the clinical care delivery system in Mexico [2019]
• Netherlands
  • Family Practice
    • An integrated health care standard for the management and prevention of obesity in The Netherlands [2012]
• Saudi Arabia
  • Saudi Medical Journal
    • The Saudi clinical practice guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults [2016]
• Switzerland
  • Obesity Facts
    • Measuring Success in Obesity Prevention: A Synthesis of Health Promotion Switzerland's Long-Term Monitoring and Evaluation Strategy [2015]
• United Kingdom
  • BMC Public Health
    • Analysis of the UK recommendations on obesity based on a proposed implementation framework [2010]
  • Department of Health and Social Care
    • Best practice guidance for weight management services
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Swallowable gastric balloon capsule for weight loss [2020]
    • Obesity: working with local communities [2017]
    • Obesity: clinical assessment and management [2016]
    • Obesity in adults: prevention and lifestyle weight management programmes [2016]
  • NIHR Journals Library
    • How effective are interventions at reducing socioeconomic inequalities in obesity among children and adults? Two systematic reviews [2015]
  • Public Health England
    • Weight management interventions: standard evaluation framework
• United States of America
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Behavioral and Pharmacotherapy Weight Loss Interventions to Prevent Obesity-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Adults: An Updated Systematic Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force [2018]
    • Methods for Evaluating Natural Experiments in Obesity: Systematic Evidence Review [2017]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Strategies to Prevent Obesity
  • International Journal of Obesity
    • Managing Obesity in Primary Care Practice: An Overview and Perspective from the POWER-UP Study [2013]
  • Journal of General Internal Medicine
    • Treatment of Obesity in Primary Care Practice in the United States: A Systematic Review [2009]
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
    • Managing Overweight and Obesity in Adults: Systematic Evidence Review from the Obesity Expert Panel [2013]
  • Preventing Chronic Disease: Public Health Research, Practice and Policy
    • Supporting Obesity Prevention in Statewide Quality Rating and Improvement Systems: A Review of State Standards [2017]
    • Tools for Identifying and Prioritizing Evidence-Based Obesity Prevention Strategies, Colorado [2013]
  • Society of Behavioral Medicine
    • An Evidence-based Guide for Obesity Treatment in Primary Care [2016]
  • U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
    • Management of Adult Overweight and Obesity (OBE) (2020) - VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guidelines [2020]
  • U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
    • Weight Loss to Prevent Obesity-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Adults: Behavioral Interventions [2018]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Obesity

Obesity: surgical treatment

• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Management of bariatric patients beyond the scalpel [2017]
    • Bariatric–metabolic surgery: A guide for the primary care physician [2017]
    • The bariatric surgery patient – nutrition considerations [2013]
  • Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
    • Weight loss surgery in Australia 2014–15: Australian hospital statistics [2017]
  • Medical Services Advisory Committee
    • Endoscopic placement and removal of an intra-gastric balloon (IGB) for the management of overweight and obesity in a high-risk patient [2019]
• Brazil
  • Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões
    • The recommendations of the Brazilian College of Surgeons and the Brazilian Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Societies on the return of bariatric and metabolic operations in geographic regions of the country where the procedures have been allowed by local policies, in the period of COVID-19 pandemic [2020]
• Canada
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Bariatric Surgery for the Long-Term Treatment of Obesity: A Review of the Clinical Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness [2016]
    • Obstetric, Neonatal, and Child Outcomes for Women with Previous Bariatric Surgery: A Review of the Clinical Evidence [2014]
    • Bariatric Surgical Procedures for Obese and Morbidly Obese Patients: A Review of Comparative Clinical and Cost-Effectiveness, and Guidelines [2014]
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • Medication management and pharmacokinetic changes after bariatric surgery [2020]
• Denmark
  • Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Pregnancy after bariatric surgery [2017]
• Europe
  • European Association for Endoscopic Surgery
    • Clinical practice guidelines of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) on bariatric surgery: update 2020 endorsed by IFSO-EC, EASO and ESPCOP [2020]
  • European Association for the Study of Obesity
    • Practical Recommendations of the Obesity Management Task Force of the European Association for the Study of Obesity for the Post-Bariatric Surgery Medical Management [2017]
    • Interdisciplinary European Guidelines on Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery [2013]
  • European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition
    • Indications and limitations of bariatric intervention in severely obese children and adolescents with and without nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: ESPGHAN Hepatology committee position statement [2015]
  • Obesity Surgery
    • Clinical Indications, Utilization, and Funding of Bariatric Surgery in Europe [2014]
  • WHO Regional Office for Europe
    • Do surgical interventions to treat obesity in children and adolescents have long- versus short-term advantages and are they cost-effective? [2012]
• France
  • Société Française et Francophone de Chirurgie de l'Obésité et des Maladies Métaboliques
    • SOFFCO-MM guidelines for the resumption of bariatric and metabolic surgery during and after the Covid-19 pandemic [2020]
• International
  • Enhanced Recovery After Surgery
    • Guidelines for Perioperative Care in Bariatric Surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations [2016]
  • International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders
    • Recommendations for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic from IFSO [2020]
• Italy
  • Updates in Surgery
    • Bariatric surgery and the COVID-19 pandemic: SICOB recommendations on how to perform surgery during the outbreak and when to resume the activities in phase 2 of lockdown [2020]
• Japan
  • Journal of Gastroenterology
    • Current status of bariatric surgery in Japan and effectiveness in obesity and diabetes [2014]
• Netherlands
  • Netherlands Journal of Medicine
    • Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for morbid obesity [2013]
• Poland
  • Polish Journal of Surgery
    • Recommendations for the standards of equipping of the Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Center [2018]
• Republic of Korea
  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
    • Metabolic Surgery in Korea: What to Consider before Surgery [2017]
    • Current Status of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery in Korea [2016]
  • Obesity Surgery
    • Nationwide Survey on Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery in Korea: 2003–2013 Results [2016]
• Spain
  • Cirugía Española (English Edition)
    • Quality Criteria in Bariatric Surgery: Consensus Review and Recommendations of the Spanish Association of Surgeons and the Spanish Society of Bariatric Surgery [2017]
• United Kingdom
  • British Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Society
    • Bariatric Infrastructure Survey [2015]
    • BOMSS Guidelines on perioperative and postoperative biochemical monitoring and micronutrient replacement for patients undergoing bariatric surgery [2014]
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • Bariatric surgery, lifestyle interventions and orlistat for severe obesity: the REBALANCE mixed-methods systematic review and economic evaluation [2018]
  • JRSM Open
    • Eligibility for bariatric surgery among adults in England: analysis of a national cross-sectional survey [2014]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy for treating morbid obesity [2016]
    • Laparoscopic gastric plication for the treatment of severe obesity [2012]
  • NHS England
    • Specialised and complex obesity surgery for children [2017]
    • Obesity surgery for children with severe complex obesity [2017]
    • Complex and Specialised Obesity Surgery [2013]
  • NIHR Journals Library
    • Costs and outcomes of increasing access to bariatric surgery for obesity: cohort study and cost-effectiveness analysis using electronic health records [2016]
  • PLoS Medicine
    • Bariatric Surgery in the United Kingdom: A Cohort Study of Weight Loss and Clinical Outcomes in Routine Clinical Care [2015]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Bariatric Surgery in the Management of Female Fertility, The Role of [2015]
  • Welsh Health Specialised Services Committee
    • Bariatric Surgery [2018]
• United States of America
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Short- and Long-Term Outcomes After Bariatric Surgery in the Medicare Population [2018]
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Pediatric Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: Evidence, Barriers, and Best Practices [2019]
    • Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery for Pediatric Patients With Severe Obesity [2019]
  • Endocrine Society
    • Endocrine and Nutritional Management of the Post-Bariatric Surgery Patient: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline [2010]
  • Implementation Science
    • Bariatric surgery implementation trends in the USA from 2002 to 2012 [2016]
  • Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology
    • Beyond BMI: the need for new guidelines governing the use of bariatric and metabolic surgery [2014]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Obesity