Obesity, eating disorders

Guidelines, reviews, epidemiology

Anorexia nervosa

• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • ‘Help us, she’s fading away’: How to manage the patient with anorexia nervosa [2014]
• Brazil
  • Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira
    • Zinc supplementation in the treatment of anorexia nervosa [2013]
• Canada
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • Anorexia nervosa requiring admission in adolescents [2019]
  • Canadian Paediatric Society
    • Determining treatment goal weights for children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa [2018]
  • JAMA Network Open
    • Trends in the Incidence of New-Onset Anorexia Nervosa and Atypical Anorexia Nervosa Among Youth During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Canada [2021]
  • Journal of Eating Disorders
    • Perspectives of Canadian fitness professionals on exercise and possible anorexia nervosa [2015]
• Canada, Europe, United States
  • Journal of Psychiatric Research
    • Can neuroimaging measures differentiate the disease course of anorexia nervosa? A systematic review [2023]
• Canada, United Kingdom, United States
  • Journal of Eating Disorders
    • "Work WITH us": a Delphi study about improving eating disorder treatment for autistic women with anorexia nervosa [2023]
• Denmark
  • International Journal of Eating Disorders
    • Increased risk of somatic diseases following anorexia nervosa in a controlled nationwide cohort study [2022]
    • Comorbid mental disorders during long-term course in a nationwide cohort of patients with anorexia nervosa [2021]
    • Time trends in treatment modes of anorexia nervosa in a nationwide cohort with free and equal access to treatment [2020]
  • Journal of Psychosomatic Research
    • Pharmacotherapy in anorexia nervosa: A Danish nation-wide register-based study [2023]
• Europe
  • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health
    • Increase in admission rates and symptom severity of childhood and adolescent anorexia nervosa in Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic: data from specialized eating disorder units in different European countries [2022]
  • European Eating Disorders Review
    • Optimising care pathways for adult anorexia nervosa. What is the evidence to guide the provision of high-quality, cost-effective services? [2021]
  • European Psychiatry
    • Quantifying the economic value of earlier and enhanced management of anorexia nervosa for adults in England, Germany and Spain: improving the care pathway [2024]
  • European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
    • ESCAP Expert Paper: New developments in the diagnosis and treatment of adolescent anorexia nervosa--a European perspective [2015]
• France
  • Haute Autorité de Santé
    • Anorexia Nervosa: management [2010]
  • Journal of Clinical Medicine
    • Hospitalizations for Anorexia Nervosa during the COVID-19 Pandemic in France: A Nationwide Population-Based Study [2022]
• Germany
  • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health
    • Reasons for admission and variance of body weight at referral in female inpatients with anorexia nervosa in Germany [2021]
  • European Psychiatry
    • The youngest are hit hardest: The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the hospitalization rate for children, adolescents, and young adults with anorexia nervosa in a large German representative sample [2022]
  • Journal of Clinical Medicine
    • Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa—New Evidence-Based Guidelines [2019]
  • Nutrients
    • Children in Need—Diagnostics, Epidemiology, Treatment and Outcome of Early Onset Anorexia Nervosa [2019]
• High-income countries
  • Eating and Weight Disorders
    • The transition from restrictive anorexia nervosa to binging and purging: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
  • Journal of Eating Disorders
    • The prevalence of substance use disorders and substance use in anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]
• International
  • Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science
    • Common Genetic Variation and Age of Onset of Anorexia Nervosa [2022]
  • International Journal of Eating Disorders
    • Steps of care for adolescents with anorexia nervosa—A Delphi study [2019]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Incidence of Anorexia Nervosa in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2020]
  • Journal of Eating Disorders
    • Early-onset anorexia nervosa: a scoping review and management guidelines [2024]
  • Nutrients
    • Anorexia Nervosa—What Has Changed in the State of Knowledge about Nutritional Rehabilitation for Patients over the Past 10 Years? A Review of Literature [2021]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Efficacy and tolerance of second-generation antipsychotics in anorexia nervosa: A systematic scoping review [2023]
  • World Neurosurgery
    • Effectiveness of Deep Brain Stimulation in Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa and Obesity: A Systematic Review [2022]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Anorexia Nervosa: The Management of the Paediatric Patient National Clinical Practice Guidance [2024]
• Ireland, United Kingdom
  • BMJ Open
    • Incidence of anorexia nervosa in young people in the UK and Ireland: a national surveillance study [2019]
• Japan
  • Biopsychosocial Medicine
    • Epidemiology of anorexia nervosa in Japanese adolescents [2015]
  • International Journal of Eating Disorders
    • Anorexia nervosa restricting type has increased in severity over three decades: Japanese clinical samples from 1988 to 2018 [2021]
  • Journal of Eating Disorders
    • Indications for involuntary hospitalization for refusal of treatment in severe anorexia nervosa: a survey of physicians and mental health care review board members in Japan [2022]
• Middle East, North Africa
  • Journal of Eating Disorders
    • Comparison of the burden of anorexia nervosa in the Middle East and North Africa region between 1990 and 2019 [2022]
• United Kingdom
  • BMJ Open
    • Survey on self-reported psychotropic drug prescribing practices of eating disorder psychiatrists for the treatment of young people with anorexia nervosa [2019]
  • Journal of Eating Disorders
    • Cost-effectiveness of specialist eating disorders services for children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa: a national surveillance study [2021]
  • Royal College of Psychiatrists
    • MARSIPAN: management of really sick patients with anorexia nervosa [2018]
• United States
  • Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association
    • Procedures and Protocols for Weight Assessment During Acute Illness in Individuals With Anorexia Nervosa: A National Survey [2018]
  • Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine
    • Refeeding Hypophosphatemia in Hospitalized Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa [2022]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Eating disorders
    • Amenorrhea, premature ovarian insufficiency

Binge eating

• Australia
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • Update on binge eating disorder: What general practitioners should know [2023]
  • BMJ Open
    • Cross-sectional comparison of health-related quality of life and other features in people with and without objective and subjective binge eating using a general population sample [2019]
• Australia, New Zealand
  • Australia & New Zealand Academy for Eating Disorders
    • Bringing binge eating disorder into focus: The sidelined eating disorder [2018]
• Bahrain
  • Journal of Eating Disorders
    • Prevalence and associated factors of binge eating disorder among Bahraini youth and young adults: a cross-sectional study in a self-selected convenience sample [2023]
• Brazil
  • Journal of Eating Disorders
    • Is work-family conflict a pathway between job strain components and binge eating? A cross-sectional analysis from the ELSA-Brasil study [2022]
• Canada
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • Binge eating disorder [2022]
  • Eating and Weight Disorders
    • A retrospective chart review study of symptom onset, diagnosis, comorbidities, and treatment in patients with binge eating disorder in Canadian clinical practice [2021]
• International
  • Nutrients
    • The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Binge Eating Disorder: A Systematic Review [2023]
• Kenya
  • BMC Psychiatry
    • The prevalance of binge eating disorder and associated psychiatric and substance use disorders in a student population in Kenya - towards a public health approach [2022]
• Latin America
  • Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria
    • A review of Latin American studies on binge eating disorder [2011]
• Slovenia
  • Slovenian Journal of Public Health
    • Binge Eating in a Slovenian Population-based Sample of Adults [2023]
• Sweden
  • BMC Psychiatry
    • Treatment-seeking patients with binge-eating disorder in the Swedish national registers: clinical course and psychiatric comorbidity [2016]
  • Clinical Nutrition ESPEN
    • Intake and adherence to energy and nutrient recommendations among women and men with binge-type eating disorders and healthy controls [2022]
• United Kingdom
  • International Journal of Eating Disorders
    • Risk and protective factors for new-onset binge eating, low weight, and self-harm symptoms in >35,000 individuals in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic [2023]
• United States
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Management and Outcomes of Binge-Eating Disorder in Adults: Current State of the Evidence [2016]
    • Management and Outcomes of Binge-Eating Disorder [2015]
  • Body Image
    • Prospective relationships between skin color satisfaction, body satisfaction, and binge eating in Black girls [2022]
  • International Journal of Eating Disorders
    • Binge Eating and Binge-Eating Disorder in Black Women: A Systematic Review [2020]
  • Journal of Eating Disorders
    • Association between binge eating and physical violence perpetration among U.S. college students [2022]
    • Adverse childhood experiences and binge-eating disorder in early adolescents [2022]
    • Prevalence and contributing factors to recurrent binge eating and obesity among black adults with food insufficiency: findings from a cross-sectional study from a nationally-representative sample [2021]
  • Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
    • Novel pharmacologic treatment in acute binge eating disorder – role of lisdexamfetamine [2016]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Eating disorders

Bulimia nervosa

• Australia
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Accessibility of Psychological Treatments for Bulimia Nervosa: A Review of Efficacy and Engagement in Online Self-Help Treatments [2022]
• Canada, Spain
  • Eating and Weight Disorders
    • Understanding the genetics and epigenetics of bulimia nervosa/bulimia spectrum disorder and comorbid borderline personality disorder (BN/BSD-BPD): a systematic review [2019]
• France
  • Haute Autorité de Santé
    • Bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder [2019]
• United States
  • Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics
    • Bulimia nervosa in adolescents: prevalence and treatment challenges [2018]
  • Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
    • Medical complications of bulimia nervosa [2021]
  • Clinical Therapeutics
    • State of the Art: The Therapeutic Approaches to Bulimia Nervosa [2021]
  • Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
    • Is the Pharmacological Management of Bulimia Nervosa Plausible? [2020]
  • StatPearls
    • Bulimia Nervosa
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Eating disorders

Eating disorders

• Arab countries
  • Journal of Eating Disorders
    • Eating disorders in the Arab world: a literature review [2020]
• Asia
  • Journal of Eating Disorders
    • The rise of eating disorders in Asia: a review [2015]
• Australia
  • Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
    • Prevalence and correlates of addictive eating behaviours in a large cohort of Australian adolescents [2023]
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Early detection of eating disorders in general practice [2017]
  • BMC Psychiatry
    • Prevalence of DSM-5 diagnostic threshold eating disorders and features amongst Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander peoples (First Australians) [2020]
  • BMJ Open
    • Gaining consensus on clinical quality outcomes for eating disorders: Framework for the development of an Australian national minimum dataset [2023]
  • Journal of Eating Disorders
    • Risk factors for eating disorders: findings from a rapid review [2023]
    • Prevention and early intervention in eating disorders: findings from a rapid review [2023]
    • Epidemiology of eating disorders: population, prevalence, disease burden and quality of life informing public policy in Australia-a rapid review [2023]
    • The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated public health response on people with eating disorder symptomatology: an Australian study [2022]
    • Management of eating disorders for people with higher weight: clinical practice guideline [2022]
    • Prevalence, features and health impacts of eating disorders amongst First-Australian Yiramarang (adolescents) and in comparison with other Australian adolescents [2020]
    • Eating disorders amongst Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: a scoping review [2020]
    • Development of the “Recovery from Eating Disorders for Life” Food Guide (REAL Food Guide) - a food pyramid for adults with an eating disorder [2018]
    • Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of DSM-5 eating disorders in the Australian population [2015]
  • National Eating Disorders Collaboration
    • Resources
  • Public Health Research and Practice
    • Universal healthcare reform for community treatment of eating disorders in Australia: report of the first 2 years of operation [2022]
  • Queensland Health
    • Assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with eating disorders in Queensland
• Australia, Europe, United States
  • Nutrients
    • Disgust and Self-Disgust in Eating Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2022]
• Australia, New Zealand
  • Australia & New Zealand Academy for Eating Disorders
    • Credentialing for eating disorder clinicians: a pathway for implementation of clinical practice standards [2020]
    • ANZAED practice and training standards for mental health professionals providing eating disorder treatment [2020]
    • ANZAED practice and training standards for dietitians providing eating disorder treatment [2020]
    • ANZAED eating disorder treatment principles and general clinical practice and training standards [2020]
• Austria, Germany
  • Frontiers in Psychology
    • Strengths and weaknesses of the German translation of the Inflexible Eating Questionnaire and of eating disorder assessment in general [2022]
• Brazil
  • Atención Primaria
    • Brazilian instrument for assessing of eating disorders in children and adolescents [2023]
• Canada
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Early Intervention Programs for Adolescents and Young Adults With Eating Disorders: Main Report [2023]
    • Considerations of Access and Inclusion in Adolescent Eating Disorder Care: A Custom Rapid Report [2023]
  • Canadian Paediatric Society
    • A guide to the community management of paediatric eating disorders [2024]
  • CMAJ Open
    • Cost evaluation of out-of-country care for patients with eating disorders in Ontario: a population-based study [2016]
  • Eating and Weight Disorders
    • "Bulking and cutting" among a national sample of Canadian adolescents and young adults [2022]
  • Journal of Eating Disorders
    • The COVID-19 pandemic and eating disorders in children, adolescents, and emerging adults: virtual care recommendations from the Canadian consensus panel during COVID-19 and beyond [2021]
    • Canadian practice guidelines for the treatment of children and adolescents with eating disorders [2020]
  • Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
    • Food for Thought: A Dissonance Between Healthcare Utilization Costs and Research Funding for Eating Disorders in Canada [2021]
  • Nutrients
    • Self-Reported Lifetime History of Eating Disorders and Mortality in the General Population: A Canadian Population Survey with Record Linkage [2021]
• Chile
  • Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría
    • Eating disorders in adolescents: role of the pediatrician. Recommendations of the Adolescence Branch of the Chilean Society of Pediatrics [2020]
• China
  • Frontiers in Psychiatry
    • Burden of Eating Disorders in China, 1990-2019: An Updated Systematic Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 [2021]
  • International Journal of Eating Disorders
    • Screen-detected disordered eating and related traits in a large population sample of females in mainland China: China Health and Nutrition Survey [2021]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • The Moderating Role of Family Resilience on the Relationship between COVID-19-Related Psychological Distress and Mental Health among Caregivers of Individuals with Eating Disorders in Post-Pandemic China [2023]
• Denmark
  • Psychiatry Research
    • Diagnosed eating disorders in Danish registers - incidence, prevalence, mortality, and polygenic risk [2024]
• Europe
  • European Academy of Paediatrics
    • Adolescents With Eating Disorders in Pediatric Practice - The European Academy of Paediatrics Recommendations [2022]
• High-income countries
  • BJPsych Open
    • Current eating disorder healthcare services – the perspectives and experiences of individuals with eating disorders, their families and health professionals: systematic review and thematic synthesis [2019]
  • Eating and Weight Disorders
    • A systematic review of the impact of carer interventions on outcomes for patients with eating disorders [2022]
  • European Eating Disorders Review
    • The association between sexual orientation and eating disorders-related eating behaviours in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
    • Day Programs for children and adolescents with eating disorders: A systematic review [2023]
  • Frontiers in Psychiatry
    • Adolescent Eating Disorder Day Programme Treatment Models and Outcomes: A Systematic Scoping Review [2021]
  • Journal of Eating Disorders
    • Feeding and eating disorders in the DSM-5 era: a systematic review of prevalence rates in non-clinical male and female samples [2017]
• International
  • Acta Biomedica
    • Factors associated with eating disorders in adolescents: a systematic review [2022]
  • BMC Medicine
    • The classification of feeding and eating disorders in the ICD-11: results of a field study comparing proposed ICD-11 guidelines with existing ICD-10 guidelines [2019]
  • Current Opinion in Psychiatry
    • Incidence, prevalence and mortality of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa [2021]
    • Review of the burden of eating disorders: mortality, disability, costs, quality of life, and family burden [2020]
    • Evidence-based clinical guidelines for eating disorders: international comparison [2017]
  • Eating and Weight Disorders
    • COVID-19-related changes in eating disorder pathology, emotional and binge eating and need for care: a systematic review with frequentist and Bayesian meta-analyses [2023]
    • The prevalence of feeding and eating disorders symptomology in medical students: an updated systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression [2022]
    • The prevalence and risk factors of screen-based disordered eating among university students: a global systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression [2022]
    • Disordered eating and the meat-avoidance spectrum: a systematic review and clinical implications [2022]
    • An update on the prevalence of eating disorders in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
    • Affective cognition in eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the performance on the "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" Test [2022]
    • A consensus document on definition and diagnostic criteria for orthorexia nervosa [2022]
  • Eating Behaviors
    • Experiences of inpatient eating disorder admissions: A systematic review and meta-synthesis [2023]
  • Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences
    • Trends in the prevalence and disability-adjusted life years of eating disorders from 1990 to 2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 [2020]
  • International Federation of Infantile and Juvenile Gynecology
    • FIGIJ and NASPAG Advocacy Statement: Recognize Eating Disorders Early and Intervene! [2025]
  • International Journal of Eating Disorders
    • The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating disorders: A systematic review [2023]
    • A mixed-studies systematic review of the experiences of body image, disordered eating, and eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic [2023]
    • Structural validity of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire: A systematic review [2022]
    • Identifying eating disorders in adolescents and adults with overweight or obesity: A systematic review of screening questionnaires [2022]
    • A systematic scoping review of research on COVID-19 impacts on eating disorders: A critical appraisal of the evidence and recommendations for the field [2022]
  • Journal of Eating Disorders
    • A systematic review of enteral feeding by nasogastric tube in young people with eating disorders [2021]
  • Journal of General Internal Medicine
    • Eating Disorder Screening: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Test Characteristics of the SCOFF [2020]
  • Lancet Psychiatry
    • The hidden burden of eating disorders: an extension of estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 [2021]
  • Nutrients
    • The Impact of the First and Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Eating Symptoms and Dysfunctional Eating Behaviours in the General Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2023]
    • Identifying Factors Which Influence Eating Disorder Risk during Behavioral Weight Management: A Consensus Study [2023]
    • Global Prevalence of Eating Disorders in Nutrition and Dietetic University Students: A Systematic Scoping Review [2023]
    • Stigmatization toward People with Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder: A Scoping Review [2021]
  • Trends in Molecular Medicine
    • Established and emerging treatments for eating disorders [2024]
  • World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry
    • World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines update 2023 on the pharmacological treatment of eating disorders [2023]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Eating Disorders in the Emergency Department [2023]
  • Journal of Clinical Medicine
    • Review of Ireland’s First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on People Affected by Eating Disorders: ‘Behind Every Screen There Was a Family Supporting a Person with an Eating Disorder’ [2021]
• Israel
  • Israel Journal of Health Policy Research
    • Disordered eating among Arab and Jewish youth in Israel: the role of eating dinner with the family [2020]
  • Nutrients
    • Differences in the Factor Structure of the Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26) in Different Cultures in Israel: Jews, Muslims, and Christians [2021]
• Italy
  • Eating and Weight Disorders
    • What do Italian healthcare professionals think about orthorexia nervosa? Results from a multicenter survey [2022]
    • Risk of eating disorders in a representative sample of Italian adolescents: prevalence and association with self-reported interpersonal factors [2022]
    • Risk and resilience factors for specific and general psychopathology worsening in people with Eating Disorders during COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective Italian multicentre study [2021]
    • Eating disorders during COVID-19 pandemic: the experience of Italian healthcare providers [2021]
• Jordan
  • Sports
    • The Prevalence of "at Risk" Eating Disorders among Athletes in Jordan [2022]
• Lebanon
  • Frontiers in Nutrition
    • Prevalence, correlates, and gender disparities related to eating disordered behaviors among health science students and healthcare practitioners in Lebanon: Findings of a national cross sectional study [2022]
• Low and middle income countries
  • Journal of Eating Disorders
    • Assessing eating disorder symptoms in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review of psychometric studies of commonly used instruments [2022]
• Malaysia
  • International Journal of Eating Disorders
    • Estimated prevalence of eating disorders in Malaysia based on a diagnostic screen [2022]
• Middle East
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Prevalence of High-Risk Disordered Eating Amongst Adolescents and Young Adults in the Middle East: A Scoping Review [2022]
• Netherlands
  • European Journal of Pediatrics
    • Adverse effect of lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic: increased incidence of pediatric crisis admissions due to eating disorders and adolescent intoxications [2023]
• New Zealand
  • Journal of Eating Disorders
    • Eating disorders, disordered eating, and body image research in New Zealand: a scoping review [2023]
  • Starship
    • Eating Disorders - management of
• Norway
  • JAMA Network Open
    • Eating Disorder Diagnoses in Children and Adolescents in Norway Before vs During the COVID-19 Pandemic [2022]
• Poland, Spain
  • Nutrients
    • Evaluation of Orthorexia Nervosa and Symptomatology Associated with Eating Disorders among European University Students: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study [2020]
• Republic of Korea
  • Journal of Eating Disorders
    • Economic burden of eating disorders in South Korea [2021]
• Saudi Arabia
  • Frontiers in Psychology
    • The Presentation of Eating Disorders in Saudi Arabia [2020]
  • Journal of Eating Disorders
    • Correlates of eating disorder pathology in Saudi Arabia: BMI and body dissatisfaction [2022]
• Singapore
  • International Journal of Eating Disorders
    • Estimated prevalence of eating disorders in Singapore [2021]
• Spain
  • Frontiers in Nutrition
    • Eating disorders risk assessment in men who practice team sports [2022]
  • Nutrients
    • A Scoping Review of the Prevalence of Eating Disorders in Spain [2024]
• Sweden
  • BMC Public Health
    • Body image perception, smoking, alcohol use, indoor tanning, and disordered eating in young and middle-aged adults: findings from a large population-based Swedish study [2021]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • An exploratory analysis of work engagement among women with and without disordered eating [2021]
  • International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research
    • Latent anxiety and depression dimensions differ amongst patients with eating disorders: A Swedish nationwide investigation [2023]
  • JAMA Network Open
    • Analysis of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Offspring of Mothers With Eating Disorders in Sweden [2022]
  • Journal of Psychiatric Research
    • Validity of eating disorder diagnoses in the Swedish national patient register [2022]
• United Kingdom
  • BJPsych Bulletin
    • Management of transitions to adult services for young people with eating disorders: survey of current practice in England [2023]
  • BJPsych Open
    • Clinical management and mortality risk in those with eating disorders and self-harm: e-cohort study using the SAIL databank [2021]
  • BMJ Open
    • Epidemiology of eating disorders in primary care in children and young people: a Clinical Practice Research Datalink study in England [2019]
  • British Journal of Clinical Psychology
    • Prevalence of probable eating disorders and associated risk factors: An analysis of the Northern Ireland Youth Wellbeing Survey using the SCOFF [2023]
  • British Journal of General Practice
    • Assessment and management of medical emergencies in eating disorders: guidance for GPs [2023]
  • British Psychological Society
    • Trainee clinical psychologists and qualified clinical psychologists working with people with eating disorders [2021]
  • Department of Health and Social Care
    • PACAC inquiry into eating disorders: government response
  • European Eating Disorders Review
    • Improving programme-led and focused interventions for eating disorders: An experts' consensus statement-A UK perspective [2023]
  • International Journal of Eating Disorders
    • The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on referral numbers, diagnostic mix, and symptom severity in Eating Disorder Early Intervention Services in England [2023]
    • How does the increase in eating difficulties according to the Development and Well-Being Assessment screening items relate to the population prevalence of eating disorders? An analysis of the 2017 Mental Health in Children and Young People survey [2022]
    • One size does not fit all. Genomics differentiates among anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder [2021]
  • Journal of Eating Disorders
    • Implementing service transformation for children and adolescents with eating disorders across England: the theory, politics, and pragmatics of large-scale service reform [2022]
    • Co-occurring psychotic and eating disorders in England: findings from the 2014 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey [2022]
  • Lancet Child & Adolescent Health
    • Temporal trends in eating disorder and self-harm incidence rates among adolescents and young adults in the UK in the 2 years since onset of the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based study [2023]
  • Lancet Psychiatry
    • Suicide in individuals with eating disorders who had sought mental health treatment in England: a national retrospective cohort study [2024]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • 2024 exceptional surveillance of eating disorders: recognition and treatment (NICE guideline NG69) [2024]
    • Eating disorders: recognition and treatment [2020]
    • Eating disorders [2018]
  • NHS England
    • Adult Eating Disorders: Community, Inpatient and Intensive Day Patient Care – Guidance for commissioners and providers [2019]
  • Postgraduate Medical Journal
    • Recognising and managing eating disorders in the emergency department [2023]
  • Royal College of Psychiatrists
    • Medical emergencies in eating disorders (MEED): Guidance on recognition and management [2023]
    • Managing transitions when the patient has an eating disorder [2017]
  • Scottish Government
    • National Specification for the Care and Treatment of Eating Disorders in Scotland - Consultation Analysis Report [2024]
    • Care and treatment of eating disorders: national specification [2024]
    • National Review of Eating Disorder Services Implementation Group: final report [2023]
    • Care and treatment of eating disorders - national specification: consultation [2023]
  • SIGN
    • Eating disorders
  • UK Parliament
    • Eating disorder awareness [2025]
• United States
  • Academy for Eating Disorders
    • The AED Guide to Selecting Pharmacologic Treatments for Patients with Eating Disorders [2024]
  • Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics
    • Practical Considerations for Using the Eating Disorder Examination Interview with Adolescents [2023]
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Screening for Eating Disorders in Adolescents and Adults: An Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force [2022]
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Identification and Management of Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents [2021]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Gynecologic Care for Adolescents and Young Women With Eating Disorders [2018]
  • American Family Physician
    • Initial Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa [2015]
  • American Psychiatric Association
    • The American Psychiatric Association Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Eating Disorders [2023]
  • Annals of Epidemiology
    • Variability in eating disorder risk and diagnosis in transgender and gender diverse college students [2022]
  • Behavioral Sciences
    • Eating Disorders and Suicidal Behaviors in Adolescents with Major Depression: Insights from the US Hospitals [2021]
  • Current Opinion in Pediatrics
    • Update on the epidemiology and treatment of eating disorders among Hispanic/Latinx Americans in the United States [2022]
  • Current Psychiatry Reports
    • Psychopharmacologic Management of Eating Disorders [2022]
  • Eating Behaviors
    • The relation of food insecurity to eating disorder characteristics and treatment-seeking among adult respondents to the National Eating Disorders Association online screen [2023]
    • Eating disorder prevalence among multiracial US undergraduate and graduate students: Is multiracial risk different than the sum of each identity? [2021]
    • Characterizing eating disorder diagnosis and related outcomes by sexual orientation and gender identity in a national sample of college students [2021]
  • Frontiers in Psychiatry
    • Linear growth in young people with restrictive eating disorders: "Inching" toward consensus [2023]
  • International Journal of Eating Disorders
    • Disparities in eating disorder symptoms and mental healthcare engagement prior to and following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from a national study of US college students [2023]
    • Trauma exposure and eating disorders: Results from a United States nationally representative sample [2022]
    • Prevalence of diagnosed eating disorders in US transgender adults and youth in insurance claims [2022]
    • Eating disorders in the U.S. Medicare population [2022]
    • Changes in the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of eating disorder symptoms from 2013 to 2020 among a large national sample of U.S. young adults: A repeated cross-sectional study [2022]
    • A systematic review of sociodemographic reporting and representation in eating disorder psychotherapy treatment trials in the United States [2022]
  • JAMA Network Open
    • Trends in US Patients Receiving Care for Eating Disorders and Other Common Behavioral Health Conditions Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic [2021]
    • Estimation of Eating Disorders Prevalence by Age and Associations With Mortality in a Simulated Nationally Representative US Cohort [2019]
  • JAMA Pediatrics
    • Prevalence of Disordered Eating and Associations With Sex, Pubertal Maturation, and Weight in Children in the US [2022]
  • Journal of Adolescent Health
    • The Prevalence of Preadolescent Eating Disorders in the United States [2022]
  • Journal of Athletic Training
    • Prevalence and Association between Exercise Dependence and Eating Disorder Risk in Collegiate Student-Athletes [2023]
  • Journal of Eating Disorders
    • The legacy of hope summit: a consensus-based initiative and report on eating disorders in the U.S. and recommendations for the path forward [2021]
  • Medical Surveillance Monthly Report
    • Trends in the Incidence of Eating Disorders Among Active Component Service Members, 2017 to 2021 [2023]
  • Psychiatry Research
    • Trends in eating disorder risk among U.S. college students, 2013-2021 [2022]
  • Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
    • Food insecurity and its associations with bulimic-spectrum eating disorders, mood disorders, and anxiety disorders in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults [2022]
  • Social Science & Medicine
    • Ethnic/racial and gender differences in disordered eating behavior prevalence trajectories among women and men from adolescence into adulthood [2022]
  • Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine
    • Medical Management of Restrictive Eating Disorders in Adolescents and Young Adults [2022]
    • Preventing Nutritional Disorders in Adolescents by Encouraging a Healthy Relationship With Food [2020]
    • Addressing Nutritional Disorders in Adolescents [2018]
    • Position Paper of the Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine: Medical Management of Restrictive Eating Disorders in Adolescents and Young Adults [2015]
  • StatPearls
    • Eating Disorders
  • U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
    • Eating Disorders in Adolescents and Adults: Screening [2022]
• Western countries
  • Clinical Nutrition ESPEN
    • The prevalence of mental health outcomes among eating disorder patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: A meta-analysis [2022]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • The Follow-Up of Eating Disorders from Adolescence to Early Adulthood: A Systematic Review [2022]
  • PeerJ
    • Caregiver factors influencing family-based treatment for child and adolescent eating disorders: a systematic review and conceptual model [2025]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Bulimia nervosa
    • Binge eating
    • Anorexia nervosa
    • Amenorrhea, premature ovarian insufficiency

Obesity

• Africa
  • WHO African Region
    • Obesity
• Asia-Pacific
  • Tropical Medicine & International Health
    • Economic burden of underweight and overweight among adults in the Asia-Pacific region: a systematic review [2016]
• Australia
  • Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
    • Overweight & obesity
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • Adult obesity management in Australia: How can we bridge the gap between guidelines and current general practice? [2025]
    • Supporting healthcare professionals to reduce weight stigma [2024]
    • Barriers to progression through Australian obesity management pathways: Survey data from the ACTION-IO study [2023]
  • Department of Health, Disability and Ageing
    • Overweight and obesity
  • Obesity Research & Clinical Practice
    • The Australian Obesity Management Algorithm: A simple tool to guide the management of obesity in primary care [2022]
  • Pilot and Feasibility Studies
    • A collaborative process for developing a weight management toolkit for general practitioners in Australia—an intervention development study using the Knowledge To Action framework [2016]
• Brazil
  • Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism
    • Care of patients with obesity in the Emergency Department: a joint position statement from the Brazilian Association of Emergency Medicine (ABRAMEDE) and the Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO) [2025]
  • Cadernos de Saúde Pública
    • Is the management of obesity in primary health care appropriate in Brazil? [2021]
    • Obesity and public policies: the Brazilian government’s definitions and strategies [2017]
• Canada
  • BCGuidelines
    • Overweight and Obese Adults: Diagnosis and Management
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Weight management in Canada: an environmental scan of health services for adults with obesity [2014]
  • CMAJ
    • Obesity in adults: a clinical practice guideline [2020]
  • Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation
    • Cost analyses of obesity in Canada: scope, quality, and implications [2013]
  • Obesity Canada
    • Canadian Adult Obesity Clinical Practice Guidelines
  • Public Health Ontario
    • Obesity
• Caribbean and Pacific
  • Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
    • Regulatory measures to fight obesity in Small Island Developing States of the Caribbean and Pacific, 2015 – 2017 [2018]
• China
  • Frontiers of Medicine
    • Obesity in China: its characteristics, diagnostic criteria, and implications [2015]
• Europe
  • European Association for the Study of Obesity
    • Providing a common language for obesity: the European Association for the Study of Obesity obesity taxonomy [2024]
    • Obesity and COVID-19: The Two Sides of the Coin [2020]
    • Obesity and COVID-19: A Perspective from the European Association for the Study of Obesity on Immunological Perturbations, Therapeutic Challenges, and Opportunities in Obesity [2020]
    • European Association for the Study of Obesity Position Statement on the Global COVID-19 Pandemic [2020]
    • The ABCD of Obesity: An EASO Position Statement on a Diagnostic Term with Clinical and Scientific Implications [2019]
    • European Guidelines for Obesity Management in Adults [2015]
    • Need for a Paradigm Shift in Adult Overweight and Obesity Management - an EASO Position Statement on a Pressing public Health, Clinical and Scientific Challenge in Europe [2014]
    • Beyond BMI - Phenotyping the Obesities [2014]
    • Guidelines
  • European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism
    • European guideline on obesity care in patients with gastrointestinal and liver diseases - Joint European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism / United European Gastroenterology guideline [2022]
  • European Society of Endocrinology
    • European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Endocrine work-up in obesity [2020]
  • Obesity Facts
    • OBEDIS Core Variables Project: European Expert Guidelines on a Minimal Core Set of Variables to Include in Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trials of Obesity Interventions [2020]
    • European Practical and Patient-Centred Guidelines for Adult Obesity Management in Primary Care [2019]
    • Obesity Management in Europe: Current Status and Objectives for the Future [2016]
  • WHO European Region
    • Obesity and inequities: guidance for addressing inequities in overweight and obesity [2014]
    • The challenge of obesity in the WHO European Region and the strategies for response [2007]
    • Obesity EURO
• Europe, United States
  • JACC: Advances
    • A Closer Look at ACC/AHA and ESC Guidelines for Managing Obesity and Overweight in Adults [2023]
• France
  • Haute Autorité de Santé
    • Care pathway guide: overweight and obesity in adults [2024]
• Germany
  • Obesity Facts
    • The Economic Burden of Obesity in Germany: Results from the Population-Based KORA Studies [2016]
• High-income countries
  • Obesity Reviews
    • Management of overweight and obesity in primary care—A systematic overview of international evidence-based guidelines [2019]
• Hungary
  • BMC Family Practice
    • Primary care obesity management in Hungary: evaluation of the knowledge, practice and attitudes of family physicians [2013]
• India
  • Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
    • ESI Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Obesity In India [2022]
  • Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
    • Evidence and consensus-based clinical practice guidelines for management of overweight and obesity in midlife women: An AIIMS-DST initiative [2022]
• International
  • International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    • Management of obesity across women's life course: FIGO Best Practice Advice [2023]
  • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
    • Current Status and Response to the Global Obesity Pandemic: Proceedings of a Workshop [2019]
  • Nature Medicine
    • Joint international consensus statement for ending stigma of obesity [2020]
  • Obesity Facts
    • Weight Stigma in Latin America, Asia, the Middle East, and Africa: A Scoping Review [2024]
  • PLoS ONE
    • A systematic review of the burden of, access to services for and perceptions of patients with overweight and obesity, in humanitarian crisis settings [2023]
  • World Obesity Federation
    • Changing the global obesity narrative to recognize and reduce weight stigma: A position statement from the World Obesity Federation [2024]
• Ireland
  • Association for the Study of Obesity on the Island of Ireland
    • Guidelines
  • Obesity Facts
    • Obesity in Adults: A 2022 Adapted Clinical Practice Guideline for Ireland [2022]
• Italy
  • Eating and Weight Disorders
    • Updating obesity management strategies: an audit of Italian specialists [2022]
    • SIO management algorithm for patients with overweight or obesity: consensus statement of the Italian Society for Obesity (SIO) [2016]
• Japan
  • Endocrine Journal
    • Definition, criteria, and core concepts of guidelines for the management of obesity disease in Japan [2024]
• Malaysia
  • Medical Journal of Malaysia
    • A Review of Adult Obesity Research in Malaysia [2016]
• Mexico
  • Current Obesity Reports
    • Mexican Clinical Practice Guidelines for Adult Overweight and Obesity Management [2024]
• New Zealand
  • Ministry of Health New Zealand
    • Clinical Guidelines for Weight Management in New Zealand Adults [2017]
    • Obesity
  • Obesity Reviews
    • Barriers to obesity health care from GP and client perspectives in New Zealand general practice: A meta-ethnography review [2022]
• Poland
  • Nutrients
    • Obesity in Adults: Position Statement of Polish Association for the Study on Obesity, Polish Association of Endocrinology, Polish Association of Cardiodiabetology, Polish Psychiatric Association, Section of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery of the Association of Polish Surgeons, and the College of Family Physicians in Poland [2023]
• Republic of Korea
  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
    • Optimal Waist Circumference Cutoff Values for the Diagnosis of Abdominal Obesity in Korean Adults [2014]
    • 2014 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Overweight and Obesity in Korea [2014]
  • Healthcare Informatics Research
    • Development of a Smartphone Application for Clinical-Guideline-Based Obesity Management [2015]
  • Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome
    • Evaluation and Treatment of Obesity and Its Comorbidities: 2022 Update of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Obesity by the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity [2023]
    • Public Statement on the Importance of Prevention and Management of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome during the COVID-19 Pandemic [2021]
    • 2020 Korean Society for the Study of Obesity Guidelines for the Management of Obesity in Korea [2021]
    • 2018 Korean Society for the Study of Obesity Guideline for the Management of Obesity in Korea [2019]
• Saudi Arabia
  • Obesity Reviews
    • Prevalence, risk factors, and interventions for obesity in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review [2022]
• Singapore
  • Singapore Medical Journal
    • Health Promotion Board-Ministry of Health Clinical Practice Guidelines: Obesity [2016]
• South Africa
  • Cardiovascular Journal of Africa
    • Socio-cultural, environmental and behavioural determinants of obesity in black South African women [2013]
• South and Southeast Asia
  • Obesity Reviews
    • Obesity in South and Southeast Asia-A new consensus on care and management [2023]
• South-East Asia
  • PLoS ONE
    • Urban Environments and Obesity in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression [2014]
• Spain
  • Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición (English ed.)
    • Obesity and COVID-19. A necessary position statement [2021]
• Sri Lanka
  • Ministry of Health Sri Lanka
    • Guideline on Management of Overweight and Obesity among Adults in Sri Lanka [2018]
• Thailand
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Economic costs of obesity in Thailand: a retrospective cost-of-illness study [2014]
• United Arab Emirates
  • Obesity Facts
    • Clinical Practice Recommendations for the Management of Obesity in the United Arab Emirates [2018]
• United Kingdom
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Overweight and obesity management [2025]
    • Obesity
  • NHS England
    • Enhanced service specification – weight management 2024/25 [2024]
    • Managing a healthy weight in adult secure services – practice guidance [2021]
  • Office for Health Improvement and Disparities
    • Weight management
    • Adult obesity: applying All Our Health
  • Public Health England
    • Whole systems approach to obesity
    • Obesity, weight management and people with learning disabilities
  • Social Science & Medicine
    • Clinician resistance to broaching the topic of weight in primary care: Digging deeper into weight management using strong structuration theory [2023]
  • UK Parliament
    • Obesity policy in England [2023]
• United States
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Screening for and Management of Obesity and Overweight in Adults [2011]
  • American Association of Clinical Endocrinology
    • American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Consensus Statement: Addressing Stigma and Bias in the Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Obesity/Adiposity-Based Chronic Disease and Assessing Bias and Stigmatization as Determinants of Disease Severity [2023]
    • American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guidelines for Comprehensive Medical Care of Patients with Obesity [2016]
    • American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology Position Statement on the 2014 Advanced Framework for a New Diagnosis of Obesity as a Chronic Disease [2014]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Ethical Considerations for the Care of Patients With Obesity [2019]
  • American Heart Association
    • Implementation of Obesity Science Into Clinical Practice: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association [2024]
    • 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS Guideline for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults [2013]
    • Assessing adiposity: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association [2011]
  • American Journal of Preventive Medicine
    • U.S. Health Professionals’ Views on Obesity Care, Training, and Self-Efficacy [2015]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Obesity
  • Endocrine Society
    • The Science of Obesity Management: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement [2018]
  • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
    • Exploring the Science on Measures of Body Composition, Body Fat Distribution, and Obesity: Proceedings of a Workshop Series [2024]
    • Translating Knowledge of Foundational Drivers of Obesity into Practice: Proceedings of a Workshop Series [2023]
    • Addressing Structural Racism, Bias, and Health Communication as Foundational Drivers of Obesity: Proceedings of a Workshop Series [2022]
    • Using Systems Applications to Inform Obesity Solutions: Proceedings of a Workshop [2021]
    • Integrating Systems and Sectors Toward Obesity Solutions: Proceedings of a Workshop [2021]
    • Advancing Effective Obesity Communications: Proceedings of a Workshop [2020]
    • Advancing Obesity Solutions Through Investments in the Built Environment: Proceedings of a Workshop [2018]
  • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
    • Obesity and Overweight
  • Obesity
    • Obesity among Latinx people in the United States: A review [2023]
    • Obesity among Asian American people in the United States: A review [2023]
    • Obesity among African American people in the United States: A review [2023]
  • Obesity Reviews
    • Weight Loss and Black Women: A Systematic Review of the Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention Literature [2012]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Obesity and overweight: Fact sheet
    • Obesity
    • Controlling the global obesity epidemic
• WHO South-East Asia Region
  • WHO South-East Asia Region
    • Obesity and overweight in South-East Asia
• WHO Western Pacific Region
  • WHO Western Pacific Region
    • Overweight and obesity in the Western Pacific Region : an equity perspective [2017]
    • Obesity WPRO
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Obesity: surgical treatment
    • Obesity: prevention, treatment
    • Obesity: pharmacologic treatment
    • Obesity: genetics
    • Obesity: epidemiology
    • Obesity: diet, nutrition, physical activity
    • Obesity in children and adolescents

Obesity in children and adolescents

• Asia
  • Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    • Childhood obesity in Asia: the value of accurate body composition methodology [2014]
• Australia
  • Public Health Research and Practice
    • Aboriginal childhood overweight and obesity: the need for Aboriginal designed and led initiatives [2019]
    • Codesign of the Population Health Information Management System to measure reach and practice change of childhood obesity programs [2018]
• Canada
  • CMAJ
    • Managing obesity in children: a clinical practice guideline [2025]
  • Obesity Canada
    • Canadian Clinical Practice Guidelines for Pediatrics
  • Paediatrics & Child Health
    • Canadian Pediatric Endocrine Group extension to WHO growth charts: Why bother? [2013]
• China
  • PLoS ONE
    • Body Mass Index Is Better than Other Anthropometric Indices for Identifying Dyslipidemia in Chinese Children with Obesity [2016]
• Europe
  • European Association for the Study of Obesity
    • Childhood Obesity Is a Chronic Disease Demanding Specific Health Care - a Position Statement from the Childhood Obesity Task Force (COTF) of the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) [2015]
  • European Childhood Obesity Group
    • The Assessment of Eating Behaviour in Children Who Are Obese: A Psychological Approach. A Position Paper from the European Childhood Obesity Group [2014]
    • The ECOG E-Book on Child and Adolescent Obesity
  • WHO European Region
    • Mapping the health system response to childhood obesity in the WHO European Region: an overview and country perspectives [2019]
• India
  • Indian Academy of Pediatrics
    • Indian Academy of Pediatrics Revised Guidelines on Evaluation, Prevention and Management of Childhood Obesity [2023]
    • Childhood Obesity [2022]
    • Revised IAP growth charts for height, weight and body mass index for 5- to 18-year-old Indian children [2015]
• International
  • Pediatric Obesity
    • Championing the use of people-first language in childhood overweight and obesity to address weight bias and stigma: A joint statement from the European-Childhood-Obesity-Group (ECOG), the European-Coalition-for-People-Living-with-Obesity (ECPO), the International-Paediatric-Association (IPA), Obesity-Canada, the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-Obesity Childhood-Obesity-Task-Force (EASO-COTF), Obesity Action Coalition (OAC), The Obesity Society (TOS) and the World-Obesity-Federation (WOF) [2023]
  • World Obesity Federation
    • Childhood Obesity
• Ireland, United Kingdom
  • BMC Public Health
    • Mediators of socioeconomic differences in overweight and obesity among youth in Ireland and the UK (2011-2021): a systematic review [2022]
• Italy
  • Italian Journal of Pediatrics
    • Cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents with obesity: a position paper of the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology [2024]
    • Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of pediatric obesity: consensus position statement of the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and the Italian Society of Pediatrics [2018]
• Mexico
  • Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México
    • Ecological determinants of obesity risk in Mexican infants: a scoping review [2023]
  • Obesity Reviews
    • Cultural factors related to childhood and adolescent obesity in Mexico: A systematic review of qualitative studies [2022]
• Middle East, North Africa
  • BMC Pediatrics
    • Early childhood obesity: a survey of knowledge and practices of physicians from the Middle East and North Africa [2017]
• Netherlands
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Health care providers’ perceived barriers to and need for the implementation of a national integrated health care standard on childhood obesity in the Netherlands – a mixed methods approach [2016]
• New Zealand
  • Ministry of Health New Zealand
    • Weight Management in 2–5 Year Olds [2016]
    • Clinical Guidelines for Weight Management in New Zealand Children and Young People [2016]
• Poland
  • Nutrients
    • Childhood Obesity: Position Statement of Polish Society of Pediatrics, Polish Society for Pediatric Obesity, Polish Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, the College of Family Physicians in Poland and Polish Association for Study on Obesity [2022]
• Republic of Korea
  • Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
    • Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Obesity: Recommendations from the Committee on Pediatric Obesity of the Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition [2019]
• United Kingdom
  • BMC Public Health
    • The views of young children in the UK about obesity, body size, shape and weight: a systematic review [2011]
  • BMJ Open
    • Cross-sectional survey of child weight management service provision by acute NHS trusts across England in 2020/2021 [2022]
  • Department of Health and Social Care
    • Childhood obesity: government response
    • Childhood obesity: a plan for action, chapter 2
    • Childhood obesity: a plan for action
  • Office for Health Improvement and Disparities
    • National child measurement programme
  • Public Health England
    • Child weight management: short conversations with families
    • Child weight management: commission and provide services
• United States
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Obesity [2023]
    • Stigma Experienced by Children and Adolescents With Obesity [2017]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Obesity in Adolescents [2017]
  • American Heart Association
    • Severe Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Identification, Associated Health Risks, and Treatment Approaches [2013]
  • American Journal of Preventive Medicine
    • National Collaborative on Childhood Obesity Research Efforts to Advance Childhood Obesity Research: Progress and Next Steps [2023]
  • Childhood Obesity
    • Children's Hospital Association Consensus Statements for Comorbidities of Childhood Obesity [2014]
  • Endocrine Society
    • Pediatric Obesity—Assessment, Treatment, and Prevention: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline [2017]
  • Frontiers in Pediatrics
    • Referrals and Management Strategies for Pediatric Obesity—DocStyles Survey 2017 [2018]
  • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
    • Obesity in the Early Childhood Years: State of the Science and Implementation of Promising Solutions [2016]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Taking action on childhood obesity [2018]
    • Report of the Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity: implementation plan: report by the Secretariat [2017]
    • Report of the Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity: implementation plan: executive summary [2017]
    • Report of the commission on ending childhood obesity [2016]
    • Consideration of the evidence on childhood obesity for the Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity: report of the ad hoc working group on science and evidence for ending childhood obesity, Geneva, Switzerland [2016]
• WHO South-East Asia Region
  • WHO South-East Asia Region
    • The double burden of malnutrition: priority actions on ending childhood obesity [2020]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Obesity in children and adolescents: prevention, treatment
    • Obesity in children and adolescents: epidemiology
    • Obesity in children and adolescents: diet, nutrition, physical activity
    • Obesity

Obesity in children and adolescents: diet, nutrition, physical activity

• Brazil
  • Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde
    • Adherence to multiple recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population (Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira) and associated factors among adolescents: a cross-sectional study with data from the National Students' Health Survey, 2019 [2025]
• Canada
  • Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
    • The effectiveness of voluntary policies and commitments in restricting unhealthy food marketing to Canadian children on food company websites [2018]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Proportion of preschool-aged children meeting the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and associations with adiposity: results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey [2017]
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • Calls for restricting the marketing of unhealthy foods to children ignored by policy makers [2014]
  • Canadian Paediatric Society
    • The role of dietary fibre and prebiotics in the paediatric diet [2020]
    • School nutrition: Support for providing healthy food and beverage choices in schools [2020]
    • A proposal to increase taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages in Canada [2020]
    • Energy and sports drinks in children and adolescents [2017]
    • Dieting in adolescence [2014]
  • Health Canada
    • Children and Healthy Eating
  • International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
    • Changes to the school food and physical activity environment after guideline implementation in British Columbia, Canada [2014]
  • Paediatrics & Child Health
    • Increasing Canadian paediatricians’ awareness and use of the new Canadian Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Guidelines for ages 0 to 17 years [2017]
  • Public Health Agency of Canada
    • Benchmarking unhealthy food marketing to children and adolescents in Canada: a scoping review [2022]
• Canada, Central Asia, Europe
  • WHO European Region
    • A focus on adolescent physical activity, eating behaviours, weight status and body image in Europe, central Asia and Canada: Health Behaviour in School-aged Children international report from the 2021/2022 survey [2024]
• Chile
  • Nutrients
    • Nutritional Status of 8,128,014 Chilean and Immigrant Children and Adolescents Evaluated by the National Board of School Aid and Scholarships (JUNAEB) Between 2013 and 2023 [2025]
• China
  • Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    • Limitations of studies on school-based nutrition education interventions for obesity in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2016]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Physical activity, screen viewing time, and overweight/obesity among Chinese children and adolescents: an update from the 2017 physical activity and fitness in China—the youth study [2019]
  • British Journal of Sports Medicine
    • Physical activity and health in Chinese children and adolescents: expert consensus statement (2020) [2020]
  • Journal of Sport and Health Science
    • Meeting 24-h movement guidelines: Prevalence, correlates, and the relationships with overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents [2021]
  • Nutrients
    • Meeting 24-Hour Movement and Dietary Guidelines: Prevalence, Correlates and Association with Weight Status among Children and Adolescents: A National Cross-Sectional Study in China [2022]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Time Trends in Fast Food Consumption and Its Association with Obesity among Children in China [2016]
• Czech Republic
  • Advances in Nutrition
    • From an Inactive and Obese to a Fit Child: How Long Is the Way? Czech Experiences [2011]
  • Central European Journal of Public Health
    • Sugar-sweetened beverages and childhood abnormal adiposity in the Czech Republic - narrative literature review [2023]
• Developed countries
  • Advances in Nutrition
    • Use of Dietary Indexes among Children in Developed Countries [2011]
• Ethiopia
  • PLoS ONE
    • A systematic review and meta-analysis of adolescent nutrition in Ethiopia: Transforming adolescent lives through nutrition (TALENT) initiative [2023]
• Europe
  • European Academy of Paediatrics
    • Front-Of-Pack Nutrition Labelling: A Position Statement of the European Academy of Paediatrics and the European Childhood Obesity Group [2021]
    • Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in Paediatric Age: A Position Paper of the European Academy of Paediatrics and the European Childhood Obesity Group [2019]
  • European Association for the Study of Obesity
    • EASO and EFAD Position Statement on Medical Nutrition Therapy for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents [2023]
  • European Childhood Obesity Group
    • There Is a Clinical Need to Consider the Physical Activity: Sedentary Pattern in Children with Obesity - Position Paper of the European Childhood Obesity Group [2022]
    • Ultra-Processed Food Consumption among the Paediatric Population: An Overview and Call to Action from the European Childhood Obesity Group [2020]
    • Physical Activity in the Prevention of Childhood Obesity: The Position of the European Childhood Obesity Group and the European Academy of Pediatrics [2020]
    • Digital Food Marketing to Young People: A Substantial Public Health Challenge [2020]
    • Could sport be part of pediatric obesity prevention and treatment? Expert conclusions from the 28th European Childhood Obesity Group Congress [2019]
    • Physical Activity and Physical Fitness in Pediatric Obesity: What are the First Steps for Clinicians? Expert Conclusion from the 2016 ECOG Workshop [2017]
    • Muscle Strength and Fitness in Pediatric Obesity: a Systematic Review from the European Childhood Obesity Group [2016]
  • European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition
    • Role of Dietary Factors, Food Habits, and Lifestyle in Childhood Obesity Development: A Position Paper From the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition [2021]
    • Sugar in Infants, Children and Adolescents: A Position Paper of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition [2017]
  • Obesity Facts
    • Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Sleep Duration of Children Aged 6–9 Years in 25 Countries: An Analysis within the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) 2015–2017 [2020]
  • Preventive Medicine Reports
    • Public health interventions tackling childhood obesity at European level: A literature review [2022]
  • WHO European Region
    • Protecting children from unhealthy food marketing in the WHO European Region: guidance for Member States on designing a legislative response [2024]
    • Policy brief on the association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and childhood overweight and obesity [2024]
    • WHO Regional Office for Europe nutrient profile model: second edition [2023]
    • Nutrient and promotion profile model: supporting appropriate promotion of food products for infants and young children 6–36 months in the WHO European Region [2022]
    • Future steps to tackle obesity: digital innovations into policy and actions. Conference report, 29 June 2021 (2022) [2022]
    • Fifteenth Meeting of the WHO European Action Network on Reducing Marketing Pressure on Children [2022]
    • Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI): physical activity habits of children aged 6-9 in the WHO European region [2020]
    • Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI): eating habits of children in 23 European countries [2020]
• Greece
  • Children
    • Do Children and Adolescents with Overweight or Obesity Adhere to the National Food-Based Dietary Guidelines in Greece? [2022]
    • Dietary Patterns, Weight Perception and Obesity Status, among 10–12-Year-Old Children; an Epidemiological Study in Greece [2021]
  • Nutrients
    • The Association between the Dietary Antioxidant Index and Weight Status in Primary School Students: An Epidemiological Study [2024]
• High-income countries
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Obesity Prevention within the Early Childhood Education and Care Setting: A Systematic Review of Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity Policies and Guidelines in High Income Countries [2021]
  • Obesity Reviews
    • Methods for the economic evaluation of obesity prevention dietary interventions in children: A systematic review and critical appraisal of the evidence [2022]
• India
  • Diabetes Therapy
    • Childhood Obesity and Essential Micronutrients: Insights from India's Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (2016-18) [2023]
  • Indian Academy of Pediatrics
    • Indian Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines on the Fast and Junk Foods, Sugar Sweetened Beverages, Fruit Juices, and Energy Drinks [2019]
• International
  • Advances in Nutrition
    • Unhealthy Food and Beverage Consumption in Children and Risk of Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2022]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Optimal exercise dose on Body Mass Index (BMI) in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and bayesian model-based network meta-analysis [2025]
  • BMJ Medicine
    • Effects of nutritional intervention strategies in the primary prevention of overweight and obesity in school settings: systematic review and network meta-analysis [2022]
  • Children
    • The Effectiveness of School-Based Interventions on Obesity-Related Behaviours in Primary School Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials [2021]
  • Current Obesity Reports
    • Diet Quality Scores, Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2024]
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • A Review of Nutritional Guidelines and Menu Compositions for School Feeding Programs in 12 Countries [2015]
  • Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
    • Clinical and school-based intervention strategies for youth obesity prevention: A systematic review [2023]
  • Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness
    • Policies for promotion of physical activity and prevention of obesity in adolescence [2016]
  • Journal of Medical Internet Research
    • Mobile- and Web-Based Interventions for Promoting Healthy Diets, Preventing Obesity, and Improving Health Behaviors in Children and Adolescents: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials [2025]
  • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
    • Strategies to Limit Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption in Young Children: Proceedings of a Workshop [2017]
  • Nutrients
    • Association between Food, Beverages and Overweight/Obesity in Children and Adolescents-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies [2023]
    • Current Recommendations for Nutritional Management of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Structured Framework [2019]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Correlates of Total Sedentary Time and Screen Time in 9–11 Year-Old Children around the World: The International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment [2015]
  • Sports Medicine - Open
    • 24-h Movement Guidelines and Overweight and Obesity Indicators in Toddlers, Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2023]
  • Systematic Reviews
    • Effect of interventions based on regular physical activity on weight management in adolescents: a systematic review and a meta-analysis [2021]
• Iran
  • Iranian Journal of Pediatrics
    • Regional Disparities in Sedentary Behaviors and Meal Frequency in Iranian Adolescents: The CASPIAN-III Study [2015]
• Japan
  • Nutrients
    • School Lunch and Body Size in Japanese Junior High School Students: The Japanese National Health and Nutrition Survey [2025]
    • Association between Food Sources of Free Sugars and Weight Status among Children and Adolescents in Japan: The 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan [2022]
• Kyrgyzstan
  • WHO European Region
    • Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI): Kyrgyzstan: fourth round of data collection (2017/2018) [2022]
• Latin America
  • BMC Pediatrics
    • Anthropometry, dietary intake, physical activity and sitting time patterns in adolescents aged 15-17 years: an international comparison in eight Latin American countries [2020]
  • Obesity Reviews
    • Nutrition status of children in Latin America [2017]
• Latin America and the Caribbean
  • International Journal of Obesity
    • School environments and obesity: a systematic review of interventions and policies among school-age students in Latin America and the Caribbean [2023]
• Malta
  • BMC Public Health
    • Physical activity, screen time and obesity status in a nationally representative sample of Maltese youth with international comparisons [2014]
• Mexico, United States
  • Children
    • The Effects of Food Environment on Obesity in Children: A Systematic Review [2023]
• Middle East
  • Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
    • Burden of Early Life Obesity and Its Relationship with Protein Intake in Infancy: The Middle East Expert Consensus [2022]
• New Zealand
  • Maternal & Child Nutrition
    • Child feeding indexes measuring adherence to New Zealand nutrition guidelines: Development and assessment [2022]
  • Ministry of Health New Zealand
    • Food and Nutrition Guidelines for Healthy Children and Young People (Aged 2–18 years): A background paper [2015]
• Peru
  • American Journal of Public Health
    • Impact of Food Assistance Programs on Obesity in Mothers and Children: A Prospective Cohort Study in Peru [2016]
• Poland
  • Archives of Medical Science
    • Assessment of selected nutrient intake by Polish preschool children compared to dietary recommendations: a meta-analysis [2020]
• Portugal
  • Science of The Total Environment
    • Exploring dietary patterns and their association with environmental sustainability and body mass index in children and adolescents: Insights from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2015-2016 [2024]
• Republic of Korea
  • Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    • Nutritional standards for energy-dense low-nutrient density foods for children in Korea [2014]
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • Association of dietary habits with general and abdominal obesity in Korean children and adolescents: cluster analysis of nationwide population survey data [2024]
  • Nutrients
    • Associations between School Lunch and Obesity in Korean Children and Adolescents Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2019 Data: A Cross-Sectional Study [2023]
    • Association between the Dietary Phytochemical Index and Lower Prevalence of Obesity in Korean Preschoolers [2023]
  • Nutrition Research and Practice
    • Relationship between adhering to dietary guidelines and the risk of obesity in Korean children [2014]
• Singapore
  • Annals Academy of Medicine Singapore
    • Consensus statement on Singapore integrated 24-hour activity guide for children and adolescents [2022]
• South Asia
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Diet and Physical Activity Interventions to Prevent or Treat Obesity in South Asian Children and Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2015]
• Tajikistan
  • WHO European Region
    • Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI): Tajikistan. Report on the fourth (2016/2017) and fifth (2019) rounds of data collection [2023]
• United Kingdom
  • British Journal of Nutrition
    • Examination of dietary intake of UK preschool children by varying carers: evidence from the 2008-2016 UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey [2022]
  • International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
    • Characterisation of UK diets according to degree of food processing and associations with socio-demographics and obesity: cross-sectional analysis of UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2008–12) [2015]
  • Journal of Sport and Health Science
    • A critical review of national physical activity policies relating to children and young people in England [2020]
  • Office for Health Improvement and Disparities
    • Childhood obesity: applying All Our Health
  • PLoS Medicine
    • Associations between trajectories of obesity prevalence in English primary school children and the UK soft drinks industry levy: An interrupted time series analysis of surveillance data [2023]
  • Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health
    • Nutrition and obesity
  • Scottish Government
    • Healthy eating in schools: guidance 2020 [2021]
    • Growing up in Scotland: overweight, obesity and activity [2012]
• United States
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Physical Activity Assessment and Counseling in Pediatric Clinical Settings [2020]
    • The Use of Nonnutritive Sweeteners in Children [2019]
    • Public Policies to Reduce Sugary Drink Consumption in Children and Adolescents [2019]
    • Snacks, Sweetened Beverages, Added Sugars, and Schools [2015]
  • American Heart Association
    • Promoting Physical Activity in Children and Youth: A Leadership Role for Schools [2006]
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    • Executive summary: evaluating the evidence base to support the inclusion of infants and children from birth to 24 mo of age in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans—“the B-24 Project” [2014]
  • American Journal of Public Health
    • Reducing Childhood Obesity by Eliminating 100% Fruit Juice [2012]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Temporal Trends in Dietary Sodium Intake Among Adults Aged >=19 Years — United States, 2003–2016 [2021]
    • Dietary and Physical Activity Behaviors Among High School Students — Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2019 [2020]
  • Childhood Obesity
    • iPhone App Adherence to Expert-Recommended Guidelines for Pediatric Obesity Prevention [2014]
    • States Lack Physical Activity Policies in Child Care That Are Consistent with National Recommendations [2014]
  • International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
    • Development of a national childhood obesogenic environment index in the United States: differences by region and rurality [2020]
  • Journal of Nutrition
    • Trends in Added Sugars Intake and Sources Among US Children, Adolescents, and Teens Using NHANES 2001–2018 [2022]
  • Journal of Pediatrics
    • 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Body Weight in Youth [2020]
  • Society of Behavioral Medicine
    • Society of Behavioral Medicine (SBM) position statement: SBM supports retaining healthy school lunch policies [2015]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Taking action to protect children from the harmful impact of food marketing: a child rights-based approach [2023]
    • Policies to protect children from the harmful impact of food marketing: WHO guideline [2023]
    • Protecting children from the harmful impact of food marketing: policy brief [2022]
    • Promoting physical activity through schools: policy brief [2022]
    • Nudges to promote healthy eating in schools: policy brief [2022]
    • Food marketing exposure and power and their associations with food-related attitudes, beliefs and behaviours: a narrative review [2022]
    • Standards for healthy eating, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep in early childhood education and care settings: a toolkit: web annex: development of the standards and global survey questionnaire [2021]
    • Standards for healthy eating, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep in early childhood education and care settings: a toolkit [2021]
    • Promoting physical activity through schools: a toolkit [2021]
    • Nutrition action in schools: a review of evidence related to the nutrition-friendly schools initiative [2021]
    • Implementing school food and nutrition policies: a review of contextual factors [2021]
    • Assessing the existing evidence base on school food and nutrition policies: a scoping review [2021]
    • Guideline: implementing effective actions for improving adolescent nutrition [2018]
    • Global nutrition targets 2025: childhood overweight policy brief [2014]
    • Nutrition in adolescence - Issues and Challenges for the Health Sector [2005]
• WHO Western Pacific Region
  • WHO Western Pacific Region
    • Regional framework on nurturing resilient and healthy future generations in the Western Pacific [2022]
    • Regional action framework on protecting children from the harmful impact of food marketing in the Western Pacific [2020]
    • Protecting children from the harmful impact of food marketing [2019]
    • Be smart drink water : a guide for school principals in restricting the sale and marketing of sugary drinks in and around schools [2016]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Obesity: diet, nutrition, physical activity
    • Obesity in children and adolescents

Obesity in children and adolescents: epidemiology

• Australia
  • Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
    • Overweight and obesity among Australian children and adolescents [2020]
  • BMJ Open
    • Body composition: population epidemiology and concordance in Australian children aged 11–12 years and their parents [2019]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Trends in the Prevalence of Morbid and Severe Obesity in Australian Children Aged 7-15 Years, 1985-2012 [2016]
• Austria
  • Obesity Surgery
    • Trends of Overweight and Obesity in Male Adolescents: Prevalence, Socioeconomic Status, and Impact on Cardiovascular Risk in a Central European Country [2022]
• Austria, Germany
  • Journal of Diabetes Research
    • Overweight and Obesity Based on Four Reference Systems in 18,382 Paediatric Patients with Type 1 Diabetes from Germany and Austria [2015]
• Bahrain
  • Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences
    • Overweight and Obesity among Children (10-13 years) in Bahrain:A comparison between Two International Standards [2014]
• Bangladesh
  • BMC Public Health
    • Obesity and overweight in Bangladeshi children and adolescents: a scoping review [2014]
  • BMJ Open
    • Changing trends in nutritional status of adolescent females: a cross-sectional study from urban and rural Bangladesh [2021]
  • International Health
    • Prevalence, inequality and associated factors of overweight/obesity among Bangladeshi adolescents aged 15-19 years [2024]
• Brazil
  • International Journal of Pediatrics
    • Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents from the Age Range of 2 to 19 Years Old in Brazil [2014]
  • Jornal de Pediatria
    • Prevalence of childhood obesity in Brazil: systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Trends in the prevalence of obesity and estimation of the direct health costs attributable to child and adolescent obesity in Brazil from 2013 to 2022 [2025]
  • Sao Paulo Medical Journal
    • Prevalence of stunting and overweight/obesity among Brazilian children according to different epidemiological scenarios: systematic review and meta-analysis [2016]
• Cameroon
  • Journal of Obesity
    • Prevalence of Overweight, Obesity, and Thinness in Cameroon Urban Children and Adolescents [2013]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Prevalence and Risk Factors of Overweight and Obesity among Children Aged 6–59 Months in Cameroon: A Multistage, Stratified Cluster Sampling Nationwide Survey [2015]
• Canada
  • CMAJ
    • Recent trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Canadian children [2016]
  • Obesity
    • Body mass index trajectories from ages 1 to 20: Results from two nationally representative canadian longitudinal cohorts [2015]
  • Public Health Agency of Canada
    • Childhood overweight and obesity trends in Canada [2016]
• Canada, Europe, United States
  • European Journal of Public Health
    • Trends in overweight prevalence among 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds in 25 countries in Europe, Canada and USA from 2002 to 2010 [2015]
• China
  • Biomedical and Environmental Sciences
    • Gender Differences in the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity, Associated Behaviors, and Weight-related Perceptions in a National Survey of Primary School Children in China [2018]
    • A Scan of Obesogenic Environments and a Spatial Inference of Obesity Prevalence in Chinese Children and Adolescents: Based on the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey 2011 Data [2018]
  • BMC Pediatrics
    • Epidemiology of obesity and influential factors in China: a multicenter cross-sectional study of children and adolescents [2024]
  • BMJ Open
    • 25-year trends in gender disparity for obesity and overweight by using WHO and IOTF definitions among Chinese school-aged children: a multiple cross-sectional study [2016]
  • Chinese Medical Journal
    • Epidemics of overweight and obesity among growing childhood in China between 1997 and 2009: Impact of Family Income, Dietary Intake, and Physical Activity Dynamics [2015]
  • Food & Nutrition Research
    • Prevalence of obesity among students aged 6 to 12 in China: a meta-analysis [2015]
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • Nationwide Trends of Pediatric Obesity and BMI z-Score From 2017-2021 in China: Comparable Findings From Real-World Mobile- and Hospital-Based Data [2022]
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Growth and development and trends in overweight and obesity among 7-12 years old Hmong children in China: an analysis of eight successive national surveys from 1985 to 2019 [2024]
    • Secular trends and sociodemographic determinants of thinness, overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years from 2010 to 2018 [2023]
  • International Journal of Obesity
    • Spatiotemporal Predictions of Obesity Prevalence in Chinese Children and Adolescents: Based on Analyses of Obesogenic Environmental Variability and Bayesian Model [2019]
  • Obesity
    • Risk factors for obesity and overweight in Chinese children: a nationwide survey [2022]
    • Secular trends of obesity prevalence in Chinese children from 1985 to 2010: Urban–rural disparity [2014]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Secular Trends of Obesity Prevalence in Urban Chinese Children from 1985 to 2010: Gender Disparity [2013]
  • Preventing Chronic Disease: Public Health Research, Practice and Policy
    • Spatial and Temporal Changes in Prevalence of Obesity Among Chinese Children and Adolescents, 1985–2005 [2019]
  • Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management
    • Obesity detection rate among primary school students in the People’s Republic of China: a meta-analysis [2013]
  • World Journal of Pediatrics
    • Trends of obesity and overweight among children and adolescents in China [2023]
• Costa Rica
  • BMC Public Health
    • Bayesian spatial modeling of childhood overweight and obesity prevalence in Costa Rica [2023]
  • Nutrición Hospitalaria
    • Percentiles of body mass index and waist circumference for Costa Rican children and adolescents [2022]
• Croatia
  • Acta Clinica Croatica
    • Regional and sociodemographic determinants of the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 7-9 years in Croatia [2020]
• Cyprus
  • BMC Pediatrics
    • Neck circumference cut-off points for detecting overweight and obesity among school children in Northern Cyprus [2022]
  • Nutrients
    • Prevalence of Obesity Among Elementary School Children in Cyprus: The National COSI Program [2025]
• Czech Republic
  • BMC Public Health
    • Trends and correlates of overweight/obesity in Czech adolescents in relation to family socioeconomic status over a 12-year study period (2002–2014) [2018]
  • Central European Journal of Public Health
    • Trends in Overweight and Obesity in Czech Schoolchildren from 1998 to 2014 [2017]
  • European Journal of Public Health
    • Trends of overweight and obesity, physical activity and sedentary behaviour in Czech schoolchildren: HBSC study [2014]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Influence of COVID-19-Related Restrictions on the Prevalence of Overweight and Obese Czech Children [2022]
    • Temporal Trends in Overweight and Obesity, Physical Activity and Screen Time among Czech Adolescents from 2002 to 2014: A National Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Study [2015]
• Denmark
  • PLoS ONE
    • Trends in Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Danish Infants, Children and Adolescents – Are We Still on a Plateau? [2013]
• Developed countries
  • BMC Medicine
    • Unexpected plateauing of childhood obesity rates in developed countries [2014]
• East Asia
  • PLoS ONE
    • Changes in weight distribution and trends in obesity among children and adolescents in East Asia: Insights from NCD-RisC data [2024]
• Egypt
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Prevalence and correlates of overweight and obesity among under-five children in Egypt [2022]
• Ethiopia
  • BMC Pediatrics
    • The coexistence of stunting and overweight or obesity in Ethiopian children: prevalence, trends and associated factors [2023]
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Prevalence of overweight/obesity and associated factors among under-five children in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis of nationally representative sample [2022]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Spatial variations and predictors of overweight/obesity among under-five children in Ethiopia: A geographically weighted regression analysis of the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey [2024]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Overweight and obesity trends and association with household wealth index among children aged 5 to 19 years in Ethiopia a multilevel analysis of 2016 EDHS data [2025]
• Europe
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Gender differences and climate zones in overweight and obesity prevalence in European elementary school children from 2000 to 2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
  • Nutrients
    • Prevalence of Childhood Obesity by Country, Family Socio-Demographics, and Parental Obesity in Europe: The Feel4Diabetes Study [2022]
    • Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among European Preschool Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression by Food Group Consumption [2019]
  • Obesity Facts
    • Prevalence of Severe Obesity among Primary School Children in 21 European Countries [2019]
  • WHO European Region
    • Report on the fifth round of data collection, 2018-2020: WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) [2022]
    • Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative COSI - Fact sheet highlights 2018-2020 [2022]
    • WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) Report on the fourth round of data collection, 2015-2017 [2021]
    • Adolescent obesity and related behaviours: trends and inequalities in the WHO European Region, 2002-2014: observations from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) WHO collaborative cross-national study [2017]
• Finland
  • Obesity Facts
    • Prevalence of Thinness, Overweight, Obesity, and Central Obesity in Finnish School-Aged Children: A Comparison of National and International Reference Values [2022]
• France
  • BMC Research Notes
    • French youth trends in prevalence of overweight, obesity and underweight from 2008 to 2018 [2022]
  • Public Health Nutrition
    • Trends in the prevalence of overweight, obesity and underweight in French children, aged 4–12 years, from 2013 to 2017 [2020]
• Germany
  • BMC Public Health
    • Updated prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in 11- to 17-year-old adolescents in Germany. Results from the telephone-based KiGGS Wave 1 after correction for bias in self-reports [2015]
  • Obesity Facts
    • Changing Characteristics of Obese Children and Adolescents Entering Pediatric Lifestyle Intervention Programs in Germany over the Last 11 Years: An Adiposity Patients Registry Multicenter Analysis of 65,453 Children and Adolescents [2017]
• Ghana
  • Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism
    • Childhood Obesity and Overweight in Ghana: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2020]
  • Journal of Obesity
    • Overweight and Obesity Among In-School Children and Adolescents (5-19 Years) in Ghana: A Scoping Review of Prevalence and Risk Factors [2024]
• Greece
  • Children
    • Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity and Associated Diet-Related Behaviours and Habits in a Representative Sample of Adolescents in Greece [2022]
• India
  • British Journal of Nutrition
    • Epidemiology of overweight in under-five children in India: insights from National Family Health Survey [2024]
  • Indian Journal of Medical Research
    • Epidemiology of childhood overweight & obesity in India: A systematic review [2016]
  • Nutrients
    • Overweight/Obesity Prevalence among Under-Five Children and Risk Factors in India: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the National Family Health Survey (2015-2016) [2022]
• India, Peru, Vietnam
  • International Journal of Epidemiology
    • Longitudinal transitions of the double burden of overweight and stunting from childhood to early adulthood in India, Peru, and Vietnam [2024]
• Indonesia
  • BMC Pediatrics
    • Factors associated with overweight/obesity of children aged 6-12 years in Indonesia [2023]
• International
  • Clinical Epidemiology
    • Differences in Classification Standards For the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2022]
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • The global death and disability burden associated with a high BMI in children and adolescents, 1990-2019 [2024]
  • Globalization and Health
    • Spatial-temporal trends in global childhood overweight and obesity from 1975 to 2030: a weight mean center and projection analysis of 191 countries [2023]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Global Trends in Child Obesity: Are Figures Converging? [2020]
  • JAMA Pediatrics
    • Global Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2024]
  • Lancet
    • Global, regional, and national prevalence of child and adolescent overweight and obesity, 1990-2021, with forecasts to 2050: a forecasting study for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 [2025]
  • Obesity Facts
    • The Global Spread of Severe Obesity in Toddlers, Children and Adolescents – a Systematic Review & Meta Analysis [2022]
    • Epidemiological Influences and Requirements of Global Childhood Obesity Research [2021]
  • Pediatric Obesity
    • Exploring an algorithm to harmonize International Obesity Task Force and World Health Organization child overweight and obesity prevalence rates [2022]
    • An improved algorithm to harmonize child overweight and obesity prevalence rates [2022]
• Iran
  • Iranian Journal of Pediatrics
    • A Systematic Review on the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity, in Iranian Children and Adolescents [2016]
  • Journal of Tehran University Heart Center
    • Trends in Obesity among Iranian Children and Adolescents: 2000–2016 [2020]
• Ireland
  • BMC Public Health
    • School sociodemographic characteristics and obesity in schoolchildren: does the obesity definition matter? [2018]
    • Trends and prevalence of overweight and obesity in primary school aged children in the Republic of Ireland from 2002-2012: a systematic review [2014]
  • Pediatric Obesity
    • Adolescent overweight and obesity in Ireland-Trends and sociodemographic associations between 1990 and 2020 [2023]
    • Prevalence of early childhood obesity in Ireland: Differences over time, between sexes and across child growth criteria [2022]
• Israel
  • Cardiovascular Diabetology
    • The opposing trends of body mass index and blood pressure during 1977–2020; nationwide registry of 2.8 million male and female adolescents [2021]
  • International Journal of Obesity
    • Changes in body mass index in children and adolescents in Israel during the COVID-19 pandemic [2022]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Pediatric overweight and obesity increased in Israel during the COVID-19 period [2023]
• Italy
  • Public Health Nutrition
    • Trends in overweight and obesity prevalence in Tuscan schoolchildren (2002–2012) [2015]
• Jordan
  • BMC Public Health
    • Prevalence of short stature, underweight, overweight, and obesity among school children in Jordan [2016]
• Kuwait
  • Children
    • Trend and Causes of Overweight and Obesity among Pre-School Children in Kuwait [2021]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Kuwaiti adolescents and the perception of body weight by parents or friends [2022]
• Macedonia
  • Prilozi
    • Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children: Variation in Different Ethnicities, Age, and Sex in North Macedonia [2022]
• Malaysia
  • Frontiers in Pediatrics
    • Lifestyle indices of body composition and obesity risk and prevalence among multi-ethnic adolescents in Malaysia [2022]
• Mauritius
  • Globalization and Health
    • Prevalence of overweight, obesity and thinness in 9-10 year old children in Mauritius [2012]
• Mexico
  • Nutrients
    • Agreement on the Prevalence of Body Mass Index (BMI) in Mexican Children and Adolescents Using Different International References [2025]
• Montenegro
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • The prevalence of overweight and obesity: a measurement-based analysis of 6-9-year-old school children from Montenegro [2023]
• Namibia
  • Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
    • Analysis of childhood overweight and obesity in Namibia using spatio-temporal quantile interval models [2021]
• New Zealand
  • International Journal of Obesity
    • Further reductions in the prevalence of obesity in 4-year-old New Zealand children from 2017 to 2019 [2022]
• Palestine
  • BMC Pediatrics
    • Prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity among Palestinian school-age children and the associated risk factors: a cross sectional study [2019]
• Peru
  • BMC Public Health
    • Geographic differences in overweight and obesity prevalence in Peruvian children, 2010–2015 [2018]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Changes in the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Peruvian Children under Five Years before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from a Nationwide Population-Based Study [2022]
• Poland
  • Journal of Clinical Medicine
    • Prevalence of Overweight, Obesity, Abdominal Obesity, and Obesity-Related Risk Factors in Polish Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Study [2021]
• Portugal
  • Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
    • Prevalence of overweight and obesity in 3-to-10-year-old children: assessment of different cut-off criteria WHO-IOTF [2020]
• Puerto Rico
  • BMC Public Health
    • High prevalence of overweight and obesity among a representative sample of Puerto Rican children [2015]
• Qatar
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Assessment of Overweight, Obesity, Central Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes among Adolescents in Qatar: A Cross-Sectional Study [2022]
• Republic of Korea
  • Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism
    • Temporal trends in the prevalence of metabolically healthy overweight and obesity in Korean youth: data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2019 [2022]
    • Change of obesity prevalence and lifestyle patterns before and during COVID-19 among Korean adolescents [2022]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Trends in childhood obesity and central adiposity between 1998-2001 and 2010-2012 according to household income and urbanity in Korea [2016]
  • Children
    • Increase of Prevalence of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents in Korea during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the KNHANES [2023]
  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
    • Epidemiology of Childhood Obesity in Korea [2016]
  • Epidemiology and Health
    • Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in obesity among Korean adolescents: the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS) 2006 to 2020 [2023]
  • European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences
    • Trends in body mass index changes among Korean adolescents between 2005-2020, including the COVID-19 pandemic period: a national representative survey of one million adolescents [2022]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Trends in Obesity and Obesity-Related Risk Factors among Adolescents in Korea from 2009 to 2019 [2022]
  • JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
    • National Trends in the Prevalence of Self-Perceived Overweight Among Adolescents Between 2005 and 2022: Nationwide Representative Study [2024]
  • Journal of Epidemiology
    • Trends in Measures of Childhood Obesity in Korea From 1998 to 2012 [2016]
  • Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome
    • Temporal Trends of the Prevalence of Abdominal Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Children and Adolescents between 2007 and 2020 [2023]
• Romania
  • Acta Endocrinologica (Bucharest)
    • Development of synthetic growth charts for Romanian population [2016]
  • Obesity Facts
    • Overweight and Underweight Prevalence Trends in Children from Romania - Pooled Analysis of Cross-Sectional Studies between 2006 and 2015 [2016]
• Saudi Arabia
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • Prevalence of overweight and obesity among saudi children: A comparison of two widely used international standards and the national growth references [2022]
  • Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences
    • Prevalence of Obesity among Children and Adolescents in Saudi Arabia: A Multicenter Population-Based Study [2023]
• Seychelles
  • BMC Public Health
    • Secular trends in height and weight among children and adolescents of the Seychelles, 1956-2006 [2008]
• Slovakia
  • Croatian Medical Journal
    • Comparison of Slovak reference values for anthropometric parameters in children and adolescents with international growth standards: implications for the assessment of overweight and obesity [2018]
• Slovenia
  • BMC Public Health
    • Temporal trends in weight-based disparities in physical fitness of children: 30-years of continuous surveillance through Slovenian national system [2024]
• South Africa
  • BMC Public Health
    • Trends in prevalence of overweight and obesity among South African and European adolescents: a comparative outlook [2022]
  • BMJ Open
    • Spatial-temporal trends and risk factors for undernutrition and obesity among children (<5 years) in South Africa, 2008-2017: findings from a nationally representative longitudinal panel survey [2020]
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Determinants of central obesity in children and adolescents and associated complications in South Africa: a systematic review [2024]
  • Pediatric Obesity
    • Sex differences in obesity incidence: 20-year prospective cohort in South Africa [2015]
• Spain
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children of Immigrant Origin in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study [2022]
    • Has the Prevalence of Childhood Obesity in Spain Plateaued? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2022]
    • Reversal of the Upward Trend of Obesity in Boys, but Not in Girls, in Spain [2021]
  • Medicina Clínica
    • Prevalence of childhood obesity in Spain and its relation with socioeconomic status and health behaviors: Population-based cross-sectional study [2024]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Archives of Public Health
    • Prevalence, incidence, and trends of childhood overweight/obesity in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic scoping review [2020]
  • BMC Pediatrics
    • Prevalence and determinants of overweight/obesity among under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel analysis [2022]
  • BMJ Open
    • Prevalence and differentials of overweight and obesity in preschool children in Sub-Saharan Africa [2015]
  • Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association
    • Socioeconomic inequalities in hidden hunger, undernutrition, and overweight among under-five children in 35 sub-Saharan Africa countries [2020]
• Sweden
  • European Journal of Public Health
    • Increased incidence of overweight and obesity among preschool Swedish children during the COVID-19 pandemic [2023]
  • International Journal of Obesity
    • A secular trend of increasing pubertal BMI change among Swedish adolescents [2022]
• Turkmenistan
  • WHO European Region
    • WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative: COSI Turkmenistan 2016/2017 [2020]
• Uganda
  • BMC Public Health
    • Factors associated with childhood overweight and obesity in Uganda: a national survey [2021]
• Ukraine
  • BioMed Research International
    • First Ukrainian Growth References for Height, Weight, and Body Mass Index for Children and Adolescents Aged 7 to 18 Years [2018]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Secular Trends of Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity in Children and Adolescents from Ukraine [2021]
  • WHO European Region
    • WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) in Ukraine 2023–2024 [2025]
• United Arab Emirates
  • BMJ Open
    • Prevalence and determinants of overweight/obesity among school-aged adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study of private and public schools [2020]
• United Kingdom
  • Archives of Disease in Childhood
    • Childhood obesity trends from primary care electronic health records in England between 1994 and 2013: population-based cohort study [2015]
  • BMJ Open
    • Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in underweight and obesity in 5-year-old children, 2011–2018: a population-based, repeated cross-sectional study [2021]
  • Department of Health and Social Care
    • Obesity Profile - Data
  • European Journal of Public Health
    • Mid-adolescent ethnic variations in overweight prevalence in the UK Millennium Cohort Study [2021]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Trends in Socioeconomic Inequalities in Body Mass Index, Underweight and Obesity among English Children, 2007–2008 to 2011–2012 [2016]
• United States
  • American Journal of Preventive Medicine
    • Obesity Incidence in U.S. Children and Young Adults: A Pooled Analysis [2022]
  • American Journal of Public Health
    • Systematic Review of Prevalence of Young Child Overweight and Obesity in the United States—Affiliated Pacific Region Compared With the 48 Contiguous States: The Children's Healthy Living Program [2015]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Longitudinal Trends in Body Mass Index Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Persons Aged 2–19 Years — United States, 2018–2020 [2021]
    • State-Specific Prevalence of Obesity Among Children Aged 2–4 Years Enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children — United States, 2010–2016 [2019]
    • Prevalence of Obesity Among Youths by Household Income and Education Level of Head of Household — United States 2011–2014 [2018]
    • US States’ Childhood Obesity Surveillance Practices and Recommendations for Improving Them, 2014–2015 [2016]
    • Trends in Obesity Among Participants Aged 2–4 Years in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children — United States, 2000–2014 [2016]
    • Childhood Obesity Facts
  • Cureus
    • Obesity in the Pediatric Population of the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS), USA [2022]
  • International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS
    • Social Determinants of Overweight and Obesity Among Children in the United States [2020]
  • JAMA
    • Trends in Obesity Prevalence Among Children and Adolescents in the United States, 1988-1994 Through 2013-2014 [2016]
  • New England Journal of Medicine
    • Incidence of Childhood Obesity in the United States [2014]
  • Pediatrics
    • Changes in the Incidence of Childhood Obesity [2022]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Trends and key disparities of obesity among US adolescents: The NHANES from 2007 to 2020 [2024]
• Vietnam
  • PLoS ONE
    • Overweight and obesity among Vietnamese school-aged children: National prevalence estimates based on the World Health Organization and International Obesity Task Force definition [2020]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Prevalence of overweight among children and adolescents, BMI > +1 standard deviations above the median (crude estimate) (%)
    • Prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents, BMI > +2 standard deviations above the median (crude estimate) (%)
    • Overweight prevalence among children under 5 years of age (%) (% weight-for-height >+2 SD)  (survey-based estimates)
    • Overweight prevalence among children under 5 years of age (% weight-for-height >+2 SD)
    • Overweight among children under 5 years of age (number in millions) (model-based estimates)
• WHO Western Pacific Region
  • WHO Western Pacific Region
    • Informal Consultation on Childhood Obesity Surveillance in the Western Pacific Region, Tokyo, Japan, 21-22 March 2016 : meeting report [2016]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Obesity: epidemiology
    • Obesity in children and adolescents

Obesity in children and adolescents: prevention, treatment

• Africa
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Childhood Obesity Prevention in Africa: A Systematic Review of Intervention Effectiveness and Implementation [2019]
• Australia
  • Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
    • Childhood overweight and obesity—the impact of the home environment [2021]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Interventions to prevent or treat childhood obesity in Maori & Pacific Islanders: a systematic review [2020]
  • Health Promotion Journal of Australia
    • Childhood Obesity Prevention and General Practice: A Mapping Review of Australian Clinical Resources [2025]
  • Health Research Policy and Systems
    • Does citation matter? Research citation in policy documents as an indicator of research impact – an Australian obesity policy case-study [2018]
• Canada
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Interventions for the Prevention or Management of Childhood Obesity: A Review of the Clinical Evidence [2013]
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • Evaluating routine pediatric growth measurement as a screening tool for overweight and obese status [2021]
• China
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • Effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for treatment of overweight/obesity among children in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based obesity interventions in mainland China [2017]
• Colombia
  • Preventing Chronic Disease: Public Health Research, Practice and Policy
    • Individual, Family, and Community Predictors of Overweight and Obesity Among Colombian Children and Adolescents [2014]
• Denmark
  • Health Research Policy and Systems
    • Involving national stakeholders in a systems approach to map drivers of childhood obesity and actions to prevent childhood obesity in Denmark: the Generation Healthy Kids Study [2025]
• Europe
  • BMC Public Health
    • Establishing consensus on key public health indicators for the monitoring and evaluating childhood obesity interventions: a Delphi panel study [2020]
  • European Association for the Study of Obesity
    • The Ethics of Childhood Obesity Treatment - from the Childhood Obesity Task Force (COTF) of European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) [2014]
  • European Childhood Obesity Group
    • Adherence to Treatment Recommendations in Chronic Disease: What Is (Im)Possible? Expert Conclusions from the 30th ECOG Workshop 2021 [2022]
  • European Society of Cardiology
    • Lifestyle interventions to change trajectories of obesity-related cardiovascular risk from childhood onset to manifestation in adulthood: a joint scientific statement of the task force for childhood health of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology and the European Childhood Obesity Group [2023]
  • Nutrition Reviews
    • Effectiveness of social marketing strategies to reduce youth obesity in European school-based interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2016]
• Germany
  • Obesity Facts
    • Current Guidelines for Obesity Prevention in Childhood and Adolescence [2018]
• High-income countries
  • Obesity Reviews
    • The effectiveness of interventions during the first 1,000 days to improve energy balance-related behaviors or prevent overweight/obesity in children from socio-economically disadvantaged families of high-income countries: a systematic review [2023]
• India
  • Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
    • Determinants, consequences and prevention of childhood overweight and obesity: An Indian context [2014]
  • Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
    • Optimizing the impact of health and related programmes / policies to address the issue of Childhood Obesity in India----A narrative review [2021]
• International
  • BioMed Research International
    • Systematic Review of Setting-Based Interventions for Preventing Childhood Obesity [2021]
  • BMC Public Health
    • The effect of psychological interventions targeting overweight and obesity in school-aged children: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Healthy weight in childhood [2023]
  • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
    • Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years old [2024]
    • Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old [2024]
  • Cureus
    • Impact of School-Based Interventions on Pediatric Obesity: A Systematic Review [2023]
  • EClinicalMedicine
    • Interventions to prevent obesity in school-aged children 6-18 years: An update of a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis including studies from 2015-2021 [2022]
  • Frontiers in Nutrition
    • Guidelines for treating child and adolescent obesity: A systematic review [2022]
  • Frontiers in Pediatrics
    • Barriers and facilitators of childhood obesity prevention policies: A systematic review and meta-synthesis [2023]
    • Prevalence of and Trends in the Co-Existence of Obesogenic Behaviors in Adolescents From 15 Countries [2021]
  • Global Health Research and Policy
    • How are adolescents engaged in obesity and chronic disease prevention policy and guideline development? A scoping review [2023]
  • International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
    • A secondary analysis of the childhood obesity prevention Cochrane Review through a wider determinants of health lens: implications for research funders, researchers, policymakers and practitioners [2021]
  • International Pediatric Association
    • Childhood Obesity as a Global Problem: a Cross-sectional Survey on Global Awareness and National Program Implementation [2024]
  • JAMA Network Open
    • Interventions for Childhood Central Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2025]
  • Obesity Reviews
    • Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention of childhood obesity: A systematic review of quality and content [2022]
  • Pediatric Obesity
    • The long-term effects of primary school-based obesity prevention interventions in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
• Ireland
  • BMC Public Health
    • Barriers and facilitators to adoption, implementation and sustainment of obesity prevention interventions in schoolchildren– a DEDIPAC case study [2019]
• Italy
  • Italian Journal of Pediatrics
    • The treatment of obesity in children and adolescents: consensus position statement of the Italian society of pediatric endocrinology and diabetology, Italian Society of Pediatrics and Italian Society of Pediatric Surgery [2023]
• Japan, United States
  • Nutrients
    • A Multi-Level Approach to Childhood Obesity Prevention and Management: Lessons from Japan and the United States [2025]
• Lebanon
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Time to Act: Lessons Learnt from the First Pilot School-Based Intervention Study from Lebanon to Prevent and Reduce Childhood Obesity [2015]
• Low and middle income countries
  • Lancet Global Health
    • Interventions to reduce and prevent childhood obesity in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
• Mexico
  • Global Health Action
    • Obesity-promoting factors in Mexican children and adolescents: challenges and opportunities [2016]
  • Nutrition Reviews
    • Interventions to Treat Obesity in Mexican Children and Adolescents: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2022]
  • Prevention Science
    • Interventions to Prevent Obesity in Mexican Children and Adolescents: Systematic Review [2022]
• Netherlands
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • The development of the Dutch "National model integrated care for childhood overweight and obesity" [2023]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Prevalence of overweight among Dutch primary school children living in JOGG and non-JOGG areas [2021]
    • A set of pedagogical recommendations for improving the integrated approach to childhood overweight and obesity: A Delphi study [2020]
• Republic of Korea
  • Healthcare Informatics Research
    • Development of Child-Teen Obesity Treatment Service Platform [2016]
  • Journal of Korean Medical Science
    • Barriers and Facilitators of Pediatric Obesity Prevention and Management (POPM) Programs in Korea: Focusing on the Questionnaire About the Linkage in Community Level [2024]
• Spain
  • Journal of Epidemiology
    • Cost-Effectiveness of the EdAl (Educació en Alimentació) Program: A Primary School-Based Study to Prevent Childhood Obesity [2018]
• Thailand
  • Nutrients
    • Progress towards Achieving the Recommendations of the Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity: A Comprehensive Review and Analysis of Current Policies, Actions and Implementation Gaps in Thailand [2021]
• United Kingdom
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Preventing Childhood Obesity in Primary Schools: A Realist Review from UK Perspective [2021]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Evidence reviews for the effectiveness of healthy living programmes in preventing overweight and obesity in children and young people [2025]
    • Obesity in children and young people: prevention and lifestyle weight management programmes [2015]
  • Office for Health Improvement and Disparities
    • Promoting healthy weight in children, young people and families
  • PLoS ONE
    • Obesity prevention in the early years: A mapping study of national policies in England from a behavioural science perspective [2020]
  • Public Health England
    • Healthier weight conversations: support for professionals
    • Family weight management: changing behaviour techniques
  • UK National Screening Committee
    • Obesity
• United States
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Interventions for High Body Mass Index in Children and Adolescents: An Evidence Update for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force [2024]
    • Screening for Obesity and Interventions for Weight Management in Children and Adolescents [2017]
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • The Role of the Pediatrician in the Promotion of Healthy, Active Living [2024]
    • Appraisal of Clinical Care Practices for Child Obesity Treatment. Part II: Comorbidities [2023]
    • Appraisal of Clinical Care Practices for Child Obesity Treatment. Part I: Interventions [2023]
    • Preventing Obesity and Eating Disorders in Adolescents [2016]
  • American Heart Association
    • Approaches to the Prevention and Management of Childhood Obesity: The Role of Social Networks and the Use of Social Media and Related Electronic Technologies [2013]
    • Evaluating Parents and Adult Caregivers as “Agents of Change” for Treating Obese Children: Evidence for Parent Behavior Change Strategies and Research Gaps: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association [2012]
    • Overweight in Children and Adolescents: Pathophysiology, Consequences, Prevention, and Treatment [2005]
  • American Journal of Preventive Medicine
    • Pediatric Obesity Prevention and Treatment Among Hispanics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2022]
  • American Psychological Association
    • Clinical Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Obesity and Overweight in Children and Adolescents
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Preventing Childhood Obesity: 6 Things Families Can Do
  • Endocrine Society
    • Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Obesity: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline Based on Expert Opinion [2008]
  • JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting
    • Technology-Based Obesity Prevention Interventions Among Hispanic Adolescents in the United States: Scoping Review [2022]
  • Nutrients
    • Lifestyle Behaviors Associated with Weight Loss Intent in Adolescent Girls: Findings from the US 2021 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey [2025]
  • Preventive Medicine Reports
    • E-cigarette and marijuana use and the attainment of obesity prevention guidelines among U.S. adolescents [2021]
  • Seminars in Pediatric Neurology
    • Adolescent Bariatric Surgery Program Characteristics: The Teen Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (Teen-LABS) Study Experience [2013]
  • Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine
    • Preventing and Treating Adolescent Obesity: A Position Paper of the Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine [2016]
  • Society of Behavioral Medicine
    • Curbing Summertime Weight Gain among America’s Youth [2017]
  • U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
    • High Body Mass Index in Children and Adolescents: Interventions [2024]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • A primary health care approach to obesity prevention and management in children and adolescents: policy brief [2023]
    • Guideline: assessing and managing children at primary health-care facilities to prevent overweight and obesity in the context of the double burden of malnutrition [2017]
    • Population-based approaches to childhood obesity prevention [2012]
    • Population-based prevention strategies for childhood obesity : report of a WHO forum and technical meeting, Geneva, 15-17 December 2009 [2010]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Obesity in children and adolescents

Obesity: diet, nutrition, physical activity

• Africa
  • Nutrients
    • A Scoping Review of Policies Related to the Prevention and Control of Overweight and Obesity in Africa [2021]
• Americas
  • Pan American Health Organization
    • Consumption of Ultra-processed and Processed Foods with Excessive Nutrients Associated with Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases and Unhealthy Diets in the Americas [2023]
    • Sugar-sweetened beverage taxation in the Region of the Americas [2021]
    • Research to Support the Development of Front-of-Package Labeling Regulations for Food Products in the Americas: Methods, Tools, and Procedures [2021]
    • Pan American Health Organization Nutrient Profile Model [2016]
• Argentina
  • PLoS ONE
    • The burden of disease and economic impact of sugar-sweetened beverages’ consumption in Argentina: A modeling study [2023]
• Australia
  • Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
    • Local government policies on healthy food promotion and obesity prevention: results from a national Australian survey [2022]
  • Australian Family Physician
    • The 2013 Australian dietary guidelines and recommendations for older Australians [2015]
  • Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
    • Physical activity [2024]
    • Diet [2024]
    • Reducing the burden due to overweight (including obesity) and physical inactivity [2023]
    • Poor diet [2019]
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • The Australian Dietary Guidelines review: Time to plan for wider dissemination via general practitioners [2021]
  • Department of Health, Disability and Ageing
    • Eat for Health
  • National Health and Medical Research Council
    • Australian Dietary Guidelines [2013]
  • Nutrients
    • A Comparison of the Australian Dietary Guidelines to the NOVA Classification System in Classifying Foods to Predict Energy Intakes and Body Mass Index [2022]
    • Compliance with Dietary Guidelines Varies by Weight Status: A Cross-Sectional Study of Australian Adults [2018]
    • Interpreting the Australian Dietary Guideline to “Limit” into Practical and Personalised Advice [2015]
  • Nutrition Australia
    • Nutrition Australia
  • Scientific Reports
    • Typical food portion sizes consumed by Australian adults: results from the 2011–12 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey [2016]
• Austria
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Obesity, Fruit and Vegetable Intake, and Physical Activity Patterns in Austrian Farmers Compared to the General Population [2022]
  • Wiener klinische Wochenschrift
    • Evaluation of a meal replacement-based weight management program in primary care settings according to the actual European Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Obesity in Adults [2014]
• Bahrain
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • The Bahraini food based dietary guidelines: a holistic perspective to health and wellbeing [2023]
• Barbados
  • International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
    • Assessing the impact of the Barbados sugar-sweetened beverage tax on beverage sales: an observational study [2019]
• Brazil
  • Cadernos de Saúde Pública
    • Evolution of nutrition actions in primary health care along the 20-year history of the Brazilian National Food and Nutrition Policy [2022]
  • International Journal of Public Health
    • Changes in Obesity Prevalence Attributable to Ultra-Processed Food Consumption in Brazil Between 2002 and 2009 [2022]
  • PLoS Medicine
    • Estimated reduction in obesity prevalence and costs of a 20% and 30% ad valorem excise tax to sugar-sweetened beverages in Brazil: A modeling study [2024]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Impact of implementation of front-of-package nutrition labeling on sugary beverage consumption and consequently on the prevalence of excess body weight and obesity and related direct costs in Brazil: An estimate through a modeling study [2023]
• Canada
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • Canada’s new Healthy Eating Strategy [2019]
  • Government of Canada
    • Canada's Food Guide
  • Health Canada
    • Canada’s food guide stakeholder toolkit [2019]
    • Health Canada's healthy eating strategy
    • Canada’s dietary guidelines
  • Nutrients
    • Assessment of Packaged Foods and Beverages Carrying Nutrition Marketing against Canada’s Food Guide Recommendations [2019]
  • Nutrition Journal
    • Association of breakfast consumption with body mass index and prevalence of overweight/obesity in a nationally-representative survey of Canadian adults [2016]
  • Obesity Canada
    • Medical Nutrition Therapy [2022]
    • Physical Activity in Obesity Management [2020]
  • Public Health Agency of Canada
    • Healthy food procurement and nutrition standards in public facilities: evidence synthesis and consensus policy recommendations [2018]
  • Public Health Nutrition
    • Adherence to a priori dietary patterns in relation to obesity: results from two cycles of the Canadian National Nutrition Survey [2023]
• Canada, United States
  • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
    • Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy [2023]
• Caribbean
  • Pan American Health Organization
    • Recommended Nutrient Intakes and Population Nutrient Intake Goals for the Caribbean [2020]
• China
  • Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    • Guidelines for medical nutrition treatment of overweight/obesity in China (2021) [2022]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Is economic environment associated with the physical activity levels and obesity in Chinese adults? A cross-sectional study of 30 regions in China [2017]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Trends of central obesity and associations with nutrients intake and daily behaviors among women of childbearing age in China [2022]
  • China CDC Weekly
    • Interpretation of Healthy Diet Campaign in Healthy China Initiative 2019–2030 [2021]
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • How exercise frequency affects BMI: a nationwide cross-sectional study exploring key influencing factors, including dietary behavior [2025]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Modeling the Effect of Physical Activity on Obesity in China: Evidence from the Longitudinal China Health and Nutrition Study 1989–2011 [2017]
    • A Review of the Growth of the Fast Food Industry in China and Its Potential Impact on Obesity [2016]
  • Nutrients
    • Dietary Patterns and Obesity in Chinese Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2022]
    • A Systematic Review of Diet Quality Index and Obesity among Chinese Adults [2021]
    • The Development of a Chinese Healthy Eating Index and Its Application in the General Population [2017]
  • Obesity Reviews
    • The emergence of cardiometabolic disease risk in Chinese children and adults: consequences of changes in diet, physical activity, and obesity [2014]
    • Synthesis and Implications: China’s Nutrition Transition in the Context of Changes Across other Low and Middle Income Countries [2014]
    • Dynamics of the Chinese Diet and the Role of Urbanicity, 1991–2011 [2014]
    • China in the period of transition from scarcity and extensive undernutrition to emerging nutrition-related noncommunicable diseases, 1949–1992 [2014]
• Eastern Mediterranean, Middle East
  • Nutrients
    • Food-Based Dietary Guidelines around the World: Eastern Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Countries [2019]
• Ethiopia
  • Advances in Nutrition
    • Dietary Recommendations for Ethiopians on the Basis of Priority Diet-Related Diseases and Causes of Death in Ethiopia: An Umbrella Review [2023]
• Europe
  • European Association for the Study of Obesity
    • European Association for the Study of Obesity Position Statement on Medical Nutrition Therapy for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults Developed in Collaboration with the European Federation of the Associations of Dietitians [2023]
    • Exercise training in the management of overweight and obesity in adults: Synthesis of the evidence and recommendations from the European Association for the Study of Obesity Physical Activity Working Group [2021]
    • European Guidelines for Obesity Management in Adults with a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2021]
  • European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism
    • Nutritional management of individuals with obesity and COVID-19: ESPEN expert statements and practical guidance [2022]
  • WHO European Region
    • The Diet Impact Assessment model: a tool for analyzing the health, environmental and affordability implications of dietary change [2023]
    • Promoting physical activity and healthy diets for healthy ageing in the WHO European Region [2023]
    • Nutrition, overweight and obesity: factsheet on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): health target [2021]
    • Factsheets on health-enhancing physical activity in the 28 European Union Member States of the WHO European Region [2015]
    • Country profiles on nutrition, physical activity and obesity in the 53 WHO European Region Member States [2013]
    • Nutrition, Physical Activity & Obesity
• France
  • Nutrients
    • Guidelines on Standard and Therapeutic Diets for Adults in Hospitals by the French Association of Nutritionist Dieticians (AFDN) and the French Speaking Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (SFNCM) [2021]
    • French Recommendations for Sugar Intake in Adults: A Novel Approach Chosen by ANSES [2018]
  • PLoS Medicine
    • Ultra-processed food intake in association with BMI change and risk of overweight and obesity: A prospective analysis of the French NutriNet-Santé cohort [2020]
    • Adherence to the 2017 French dietary guidelines and adult weight gain: A cohort study [2019]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Dietary Quality and 6-Year Anthropometric Changes in a Sample of French Middle-Aged Overweight and Obese Adults [2014]
• Germany
  • BMC Public Health
    • Taxing sugar-sweetened beverages: impact on overweight and obesity in Germany [2017]
• High-income countries
  • Food Science & Nutrition
    • A mixed-method systematic review and meta-analysis of the influences of food environments and food insecurity on obesity in high-income countries [2022]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Physical activity motives, barriers, and preferences in people with obesity: A systematic review [2021]
• Ibero-America
  • Nutrients
    • Ibero–American Consensus on Low- and No-Calorie Sweeteners: Safety, Nutritional Aspects and Benefits in Food and Beverages [2018]
• India
  • Nutrients
    • Sugar Intake, Obesity, and Diabetes in India [2014]
  • World Health Organization
    • The growth of ultra-processed foods in India: an analysis of trends, issues and policy recommendations [2023]
• Indonesia
  • Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    • Taking the Indonesian nutrition history to leap into betterment of the future generation: development of the Indonesian Nutrition Guidelines [2011]
    • Do Indonesians follow its Dietary Guidelines? - evidence related to food consumption, healthy lifestyle, and nutritional status within the period 2000-2010 [2011]
• International
  • Archives of Medical Science
    • Which exercise interventions are more helpful in treating primary obesity in young adults? A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis [2022]
  • Current Obesity Reports
    • Food Policy Approaches to Obesity Prevention: An International Perspective [2014]
  • International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
    • Comparing caloric restriction regimens for effective weight management in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis [2024]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Progress Evaluation for Transnational Restaurant Chains to Reformulate Products and Standardize Portions to Meet Healthy Dietary Guidelines and Reduce Obesity and Non-Communicable Disease Risks, 2000–2018: A Scoping and Systematic Review to Inform Policy [2019]
  • International Journal of Obesity
    • International Study of Objectively-measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Body Mass Index and Obesity: IPEN Adult Study [2015]
  • JAMA Network Open
    • Aerobic Exercise and Weight Loss in Adults: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis [2024]
  • Lancet Planetary Health
    • Health and nutritional aspects of sustainable diet strategies and their association with environmental impacts: a global modelling analysis with country-level detail [2018]
  • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
    • Sustainable Diets, Food, and Nutrition: Proceedings of a Workshop [2019]
    • Redesigning the Process for Establishing the Dietary Guidelines for Americans [2017]
    • Optimizing the Process for Establishing the Dietary Guidelines for Americans: The Selection Process [2017]
  • Nutrients
    • The Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Fat Loss in Adults with Overweight and Obese Depend upon the Eating Window and Intervention Strategies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2024]
    • Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Incidence of Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adults: A Systematic Review of Prospective Studies [2023]
  • PLoS Medicine
    • Artificially Sweetened Beverages and the Response to the Global Obesity Crisis [2017]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Partially unraveling mechanistic underpinning and weight loss effects of time-restricted eating across diverse adult populations: A systematic review and meta-analyses of prospective studies [2025]
• Japan
  • Nutrients
    • Trends in Food Group Intake According to Body Size among Young Japanese Women: The 2001-2019 National Health and Nutrition Survey [2022]
• Latin America
  • Cadernos de Saúde Pública
    • Trends in dietary patterns of Latin American populations [2003]
  • Pan American Health Organization
    • Ultra-processed food and drink products in Latin America: Sales, sources, nutrient profiles, and policy implications [2019]
    • Ultra-processed food and drink products in Latin America: Trends, impact on obesity, policy implications [2015]
• Latin America and the Caribbean
  • Pan American Health Organization
    • Sugar-sweetened Beverage Tax Indicators in Latin America and the Caribbean [2022]
    • Healthy Food: A Human Rights-based Approach [2022]
    • Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition 2021: Statistics and Trends [2021]
• Lebanon
  • BMC Public Health
    • Diet, physical activity and socio-economic disparities of obesity in Lebanese adults: findings from a national study [2015]
• Malaysia
  • Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    • Intake of added sugar in Malaysia: a review [2016]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Physical activity and overweight/obesity among Malaysian adults: findings from the 2015 National Health and morbidity survey (NHMS) [2017]
• Mexico
  • Pan American Health Organization
    • Taxes on Sugar-sweetened Beverages as a Public Health Strategy: The Experience of Mexico [2015]
• Middle-income countries
  • PLoS ONE
    • Taxes on Sugar-Sweetened Beverages to Reduce Overweight and Obesity in Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review [2016]
• Netherlands
  • Nutrients
    • Total, Free, and Added Sugar Consumption and Adherence to Guidelines: The Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007–2010 [2016]
  • SSM - Population Health
    • The association of unhealthy and healthy food store accessibility with obesity prevalence among adults in the Netherlands: A spatial analysis [2022]
• New Zealand
  • Nutrients
    • Exploring the Dietary Patterns of Young New Zealand Women and Associations with BMI and Body Fat [2016]
• Peru
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Reformulation of Top-Selling Processed and Ultra-Processed Foods and Beverages in the Peruvian Food Supply after Front-of-Package Warning Label Policy [2022]
  • Nutrients
    • The Fruit Intake-Adiposity Paradox: Findings from a Peruvian Cross-Sectional Study [2023]
    • Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption in Adults: Evidence from a National Health Survey in Peru [2022]
• Poland
  • Nutrients
    • Public Awareness of Diet-Related Diseases and Dietary Risk Factors: A 2022 Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey among Adults in Poland [2022]
    • A National Study of Nutrition and Nutritional Status of the Adult Polish Population in the Years 2017–2020 before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic—Design and Methods [2021]
  • Przeglad Menopauzalny = Menopause Review
    • Guidelines for dietary management of menopausal women with simple obesity [2015]
• Republic of Korea
  • Diabetes & Metabolism Journal
    • Effect of Carbohydrate-Restricted Diets and Intermittent Fasting on Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Hypertension Management: Consensus Statement of the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, Korean Diabetes Association, and Korean Society of Hypertension [2022]
  • Epidemiology and Health
    • Positive association of unhealthy plant-based diets with the incidence of abdominal obesity in Korea: a comparison of baseline, most recent, and cumulative average diets [2022]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Complementary and Integrative Health Approaches for Weight Management in the Obese Population: The 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [2021]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Associations between Physical Activity and Obesity Defined by Waist-To-Height Ratio and Body Mass Index in the Korean Population [2016]
• Russia
  • WHO European Region
    • Nutrition labelling and nutrient composition of food products in the Russian Federation: assessment summary [2023]
• Samoa
  • American Journal of Human Biology
    • Long-term trends in food availability, food prices, and obesity in Samoa [2012]
• Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates
  • Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal
    • A review of sugar-sweetened beverages taxation in Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates [2024]
• Singapore
  • Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    • Dietary guidelines in Singapore [2011]
• South Africa
  • BMC Public Health
    • Evidence to support a food-based dietary guideline on sugar consumption in South Africa [2012]
• South-East Asia, Western Pacific
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • National nutrition surveillance programmes in 18 countries in South-East Asia and Western Pacific Regions: a systematic scoping review [2023]
• Spain
  • PLoS ONE
    • Adherence to dietary guidelines for the Spanish population and risk of overweight/obesity in the SUN cohort [2019]
• Switzerland
  • Nutrients
    • The Importance of Sweet Beverage Definitions When Targeting Health Policies—The Case of Switzerland [2020]
    • The Contribution of Diet Quality to Socioeconomic Inequalities in Obesity: A Population-based Study of Swiss Adults [2019]
• Taiwan
  • Journal of Nutritional Science
    • Relationship between overweight and obesity and insufficient micronutrient intake: a nationwide study in Taiwan [2023]
• Thailand
  • Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    • Food based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) development and promotion in Thailand [2011]
• United Kingdom
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Outcomes of sugar reduction policies, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland [2024]
  • Department of Health and Social Care
    • Restricting promotions of products high in fat, sugar or salt by location and by volume price
    • Healthy eating
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Evidence reviews for the effectiveness of different diets in achieving and maintaining weight loss [2025]
    • Diet, nutrition and obesity
  • Office for Health Improvement and Disparities
    • The Eatwell Guide
    • Healthy eating: applying All Our Health
  • Public Health England
    • Healthy weight environments: using the planning system
    • Health matters: obesity and the food environment
  • Scottish Government
    • Diet and healthy weight monitoring report
  • UK Parliament
    • Debate on the impact of food and diet on obesity [2025]
• United States
  • Advances in Nutrition
    • What Do Government Agencies Consider in the Debate Over Added Sugars? [2013]
  • American Heart Association
    • Popular Dietary Patterns: Alignment With American Heart Association 2021 Dietary Guidance: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association [2023]
    • Implementing American Heart Association Pediatric and Adult Nutrition Guidelines [2009]
    • Diet and Lifestyle Recommendations Revision 2006: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee [2006]
    • Dietary Recommendations for Children and Adolescents: A Guide for Practitioners: Consensus Statement From the American Heart Association [2005]
  • BMJ Open
    • What is the cost-effectiveness of menu calorie labelling on reducing obesity-associated cancer burdens? An economic evaluation of a federal policy intervention among 235 million adults in the USA [2023]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Prevalence of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake Among Adults — 23 States and the District of Columbia, 2013 [2016]
    • The State of Evaluation Research on Food Policies to Reduce Obesity and Diabetes Among Adults in the United States, 2000–2011 [2015]
    • Nutrition
    • Exercise or Physical Activity
  • Dietary Guidelines for Americans
    • Professional Resources
  • International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
    • Calorie menu labeling on quick-service restaurant menus: an updated systematic review of the literature [2011]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Variations in Obesity Rates between US Counties: Impacts of Activity Access, Food Environments, and Settlement Patterns [2017]
  • JAMA
    • Behavioral Treatment of Obesity in Patients Encountered in Primary Care Settings: A Systematic Review [2014]
  • Journal of Nutrition
    • Impact of Simulated Caloric Reduction on Nutrient Adequacy Among U.S. Adults with Overweight or Obesity (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [NHANES] 2015-2018) [2024]
    • The Healthy Eating Index-2010 Is a Valid and Reliable Measure of Diet Quality According to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans [2014]
  • Journal of Obesity
    • A Study of the Relationship between Food Group Recommendations and Perceived Stress: Findings from Black Women in the Deep South [2015]
    • Weight Loss Maintenance in African American Women: A Systematic Review of the Behavioral Lifestyle Intervention Literature [2013]
  • Mayo Clinic Proceedings
    • The Inadmissibility of ‘What We Eat In America’ (WWEIA) and NHANES Dietary Data in Nutrition & Obesity Research and the Scientific Formulation of National Dietary Guidelines [2015]
  • Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal
    • Food Chain and Food Policies: Causes and Solutions for the Obesity Pandemic [2025]
  • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
    • Evaluating the Process to Develop the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025: Final Report [2022]
  • National Academies Press
    • Physical Activity: Moving Toward Obesity Solutions: Workshop Summary [2015]
  • Nutrients
    • A Diet for Healthy Weight: Why Reaching a Consensus Seems Difficult [2020]
  • Nutrition Journal
    • Whole grain consumption trends and associations with body weight measures in the United States: results from the cross sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2012 [2016]
    • Are restrictive guidelines for added sugars science based? [2015]
  • Nutrition.gov
    • Nutrition.gov
  • Obesity Reviews
    • A systematic scoping review of the literacy literature to develop a digital food and nutrition literacy model for low-income adults to make healthy choices in the online food retail ecosystem to reduce obesity risk [2022]
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
    • Dietary Guidelines for Americans
• Vietnam
  • Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    • Food based dietary guidelines in Vietnam: progress and lessons learned [2011]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Estimating the health impacts of sugar-sweetened beverage tax for informing policy decisions about the obesity burden in Vietnam [2023]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • What are healthy diets? Joint statement by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization [2024]
    • Guidance for monitoring healthy diets globally [2024]
    • Fiscal policies to promote healthy diets: WHO guideline [2024]
    • Use of non-sugar sweeteners: WHO guideline [2023]
    • Total fat intake for the prevention of unhealthy weight gain in adults and children: WHO guideline [2023]
    • Healthy diet metrics: a suitability assessment of indicators for global and national monitoring purposes [2023]
    • Healthier food and healthier food environments at sports events: an action guide for sports event organizers [2023]
    • Harmonizing and mainstreaming the measurement of healthy diets: technical expert meeting, Bellagio, Italy, 28 November-2 December 2022 [2023]
    • Global report on the use of sugar-sweetened beverage taxes, 2023 [2023]
    • Carbohydrate intake for adults and children: WHO guideline [2023]
    • WHO manual on sugar-sweetened beverage taxation policies to promote healthy diets [2022]
    • The nutrition challenge: food system solutions [2022]
    • Reformulation of food and beverage products for healthier diets: policy brief [2022]
    • Nutrition labelling: policy brief [2022]
    • Health effects of the use of non-sugar sweeteners: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
    • Fiscal policies to promote healthy diets: policy brief [2022]
    • Report of the technical consultation on measuring healthy diets: concepts, methods and metrics [2021]
    • Implementing policies to restrict food marketing: a review of contextual factors [2021]
    • Implementing nutrition labelling policies: a review of contextual factors [2021]
    • Implementing fiscal and pricing policies to promote healthy diets: a review of contextual factors [2021]
    • Food systems for health: information brief [2021]
    • Action framework for developing and implementing public food procurement and service policies for a healthy diet [2021]
    • Mobilizing ambitious and impactful commitments for mainstreaming nutrition in health systems: nutrition in universal health coverage – global nutrition summit [2020]
    • Sustainable healthy diets: guiding principles [2019]
    • Strengthening nutrition action: a resource guide for countries based on the policy recommendations of the Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2) [2018]
    • Global recommendations on physical activity for health [2010]
    • Physical Activity
    • Healthy diet: Fact sheet
    • Healthy diet
• WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
  • Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal
    • Situation analysis of sugar-sweetened beverages taxation in Eastern Mediterranean Region [2024]
  • WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
    • Summary report on the Regional meeting on tackling obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region with more focus on healthy diet [2019]
    • Promoting a healthy diet for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: user-friendly guide [2012]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Obesity in children and adolescents: diet, nutrition, physical activity
    • Obesity

Obesity: epidemiology

• Afghanistan
  • Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
    • Underweight and overweight/obesity among adults in Afghanistan: prevalence and correlates from a national survey in 2018 [2021]
• Africa
  • JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
    • Monitoring Information-Seeking Patterns and Obesity Prevalence in Africa With Internet Search Data: Observational Study [2021]
• Argentina, Brazil
  • Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
    • Obesity Epidemic in Brazil and Argentina: A Public Health Concern [2014]
• Asia
  • Scientific Reports
    • Trends and social determinants of the obesity epidemic among reproductive-age women in ten Asian countries [2024]
• Australia
  • Australian Bureau of Statistics
    • Waist circumference and BMI
  • Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
    • Overweight and obesity [2024]
    • Overweight and obesity in Australia: an updated birth cohort analysis [2020]
    • A framework for monitoring overweight and obesity in Australia [2020]
    • Data sources for monitoring overweight and obesity in Australia [2019]
    • Overweight and obesity rates across Australia 2014–15 [2018]
    • Overweight and obesity in Australia: a birth cohort analysis [2017]
    • A picture of overweight and obesity in Australia [2017]
  • Nutrients
    • The Australian Paradox: A Substantial Decline in Sugars Intake over the Same Timeframe that Overweight and Obesity Have Increased [2011]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Trends in the prevalence of adult overweight and obesity in Australia, and its association with geographic remoteness [2021]
• Austria
  • Wiener klinische Wochenschrift
    • Steady increase of obesity prevalence in Austria: Analysis of three representative cross-sectional national health interview surveys from 2006 to 2019 [2023]
    • Prevalence and trends in obesity among Austrian conscripts from 1983 to 2017 [2023]
• Bahamas
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Impact of sustained health policy and population-level interventions on reducing the prevalence of obesity in the Caribbean region: A qualitative study from The Bahamas [2022]
• Bangladesh
  • BMJ Open
    • Differences in prevalence and associated factors of underweight and overweight/obesity according to rural–urban residence strata among women of reproductive age in Bangladesh: evidence from a cross-sectional national survey [2020]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Differences in Prevalence and Associated Factors of Underweight and Overweight/Obesity among Bangladeshi Adults by Gender: Analysis of a Nationally Representative Survey [2022]
• Belgium
  • BMC Public Health
    • Past, present, and future trends of overweight and obesity in Belgium using Bayesian age-period-cohort models [2022]
• Botswana
  • BMJ Open
    • Dual burden of underweight and overweight/obesity among adults in Botswana: prevalence, trends and sociodemographic correlates: a cross-sectional survey [2020]
• Brazil
  • BMC Public Health
    • Characterization of the prevalence of excess weight in Brazil [2022]
  • Cadernos de Saúde Pública
    • Undernutrition and obesity trends in Brazilian adults from 1975 to 2019 and its associated factors [2022]
  • Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde
    • Temporal trend of overweight and obesity prevalence among Brazilian adults, according to sociodemographic characteristics, 2006-2019 [2021]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Obesity and Associated Factors in Brazilian Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Representative Studies [2024]
    • Weight Gain and Change in Body Mass Index after Age 20 in the Brazilian Population and Associated Sociodemographic Factors: Data from the National Health Survey [2022]
  • Journal of Obesity
    • Body Mass Index and Prevalence of Obesity in Brazilian Adult Women: Temporal Comparison of Repeated Population-Based Cross-Sectional Surveys [2024]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Gender, time use and overweight and obesity in adults: Results of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) [2018]
  • Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia
    • Increasing trends in obesity prevalence from 2013 to 2019 and associated factors in Brazil [2021]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Time trends and projected obesity epidemic in Brazilian adults between 2006 and 2030 [2022]
• Burkina Faso
  • BMJ Open
    • Prevalence of abdominal obesity and its association with cardiovascular risk among the adult population in Burkina Faso: findings from a nationwide cross-sectional study [2021]
    • Prevalence and risk factors for overweight and obesity: a cross-sectional countrywide study in Burkina Faso [2020]
• Cambodia
  • PLOS Global Public Health
    • Overweight and obesity among women at reproductive age in Cambodia: Data analysis of Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey 2014 [2023]
• Canada
  • BMJ Open
    • Prevalence of age-specific and sex-specific overweight and obesity in Ontario and Quebec, Canada: a cross-sectional study using direct measures of height and weight [2018]
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • Recent trends in adult body mass index and prevalence of excess weight: Data from the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network [2022]
  • Canadian Journal of Rural Medicine
    • Prevalence of obesity and elevated body mass index along a progression of rurality: A cross-sectional study - The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging [2022]
  • CMAJ Open
    • Trends in obesity across Canada from 2005 to 2018: a consecutive cross-sectional population-based study [2022]
    • Current and predicted prevalence of obesity in Canada: a trend analysis [2014]
  • Obesity Canada
    • Epidemiology of Adult Obesity [2020]
  • Public Health Agency of Canada
    • Trends and projections of obesity among Canadians [2015]
    • Obesity in Canada [2011]
• Chad
  • Archives of Public Health
    • Observed magnitude and trends in socioeconomic and geographic area inequalities in obesity prevalence among non-pregnant women in Chad: evidence from three waves of Chad demographic and health surveys [2021]
• Chile
  • BMC Public Health
    • Geographical disparities in obesity prevalence: small-area analysis of the Chilean National Health Surveys [2022]
• China
  • American Journal of Preventive Medicine
    • Prevalence and Secular Trends in Obesity Among Chinese Adults, 1991–2011 [2015]
  • American Journal of Public Health
    • Prevalence of Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity Among Reproductive-Age Women and Adolescent Girls in Rural China [2016]
  • BMC Public Health
    • A study of trends in body morphology, overweight, and obesity in Chinese adults aged 40-59 years [2025]
    • Trends of underweight, overweight, and obesity among older adults in China from 2008 to 2018: a national observational survey [2023]
    • The prevalence and increasing trends of overweight, general obesity, and abdominal obesity among Chinese adults: a repeated cross-sectional study [2019]
  • China CDC Weekly
    • Weight Status and Self-Perception of Weight Among Women of Childbearing Age — China, 2015 [2021]
  • Chinese Medical Journal
    • Obesity pandemic in China: epidemiology, burden, challenges, and opportunities [2022]
  • Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes
    • Obesity Prevalence and Risks Among Chinese Adults [2021]
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • Projecting National-Level Prevalence of General Obesity and Abdominal Obesity Among Chinese Adults With Aging Effects [2022]
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Spatial analysis of the prevalence of abdominal obesity in middle-aged and older adult people in China: exploring the relationship with meteorological factors based on gender differences [2024]
  • Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific
    • Changes in the prevalence of obesity and hypertension and demographic risk factor profiles in China over 10 years: two national cross-sectional surveys [2021]
  • Nutrients
    • Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Central Obesity among Adults in China: China Nutrition and Health Surveillance (2015-2017) [2024]
  • Obesity Reviews
    • Overweight Dynamics in Chinese Children and Adults [2014]
    • Secular trends in the prevalence of general and abdominal obesity among Chinese adults, 1993–2009 [2012]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Secular trends in the prevalence of abdominal obesity among Chinese adults with normal weight, 1993–2015 [2021]
• Cuba
  • Population Health Metrics
    • Inequality of weight status in urban Cuba: 2001–2010 [2021]
• Cyprus
  • Annali di Igiene
    • Social inequality in obesity in an Eastern Mediterranean population: evidence from a national health survey in Cyprus [2022]
• Denmark
  • European Journal of Public Health
    • Changes in adult obesity prevalence in Denmark, 1987-2021: age-period-cohort analysis of nationally representative data [2023]
• East Africa
  • African Health Sciences
    • Analysis of main risk factors contributing to obesity in the region of East Africa: meta-analysis [2020]
  • International Journal of Health Geographics
    • Spatial and temporal trends of overweight/obesity and tobacco use in East Africa: subnational insights into cardiovascular disease risk factors [2023]
• Ecuador
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    • The double burden of undernutrition and excess body weight in Ecuador [2014]
  • Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
    • Prevalence of overweight and metabolic syndrome, and associated sociodemographic factors among adult Ecuadorian populations: the ENSANUT-ECU study [2021]
• Egypt
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • The Burden of Obesity in Egypt [2021]
• Ethiopia
  • BMC Public Health
    • Education and prevalence of overweight and obesity among reproductive age group women in Ethiopia: analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data [2020]
  • BMJ Open
    • Prevalence of overweight/obesity among the adult population in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • Prevalence of central obesity and associated factors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
  • Global Health Action
    • Overweight and obesity trends and associated factors among reproductive women in Ethiopia [2024]
• Europe
  • Endocrine
    • Changes in prevalence of obesity and high waist circumference over four years across European regions: the European male ageing study (EMAS) [2016]
  • European Association for the Study of Obesity
    • Monitoring the Obesity Epidemic into the 21st Century - Weighing the Evidence [2013]
  • Eurostat
    • Overweight and obesity - BMI statistics
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Prevalence and Socioeconomic Correlates of Adult Obesity in Europe: The Feel4Diabetes Study [2022]
  • Nutrients
    • The Emerging Prevalence of Obesity within Families in Europe and its Associations with Family Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Lifestyle Factors; A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Baseline Data from the Feel4Diabetes Study [2023]
  • Obesity Facts
    • Forecasting Future Trends in Obesity across Europe: The Value of Improving Surveillance [2018]
  • SAGE Open Medicine
    • Getting to grips with the obesity epidemic in Europe [2016]
  • WHO European Region
    • WHO European Regional Obesity Report 2022 [2022]
    • Obesity in the WHO European region factsheet [2022]
    • Obesity - European Health Information Gateway
• Europe, United States
  • Obesity Facts
    • Obesity Prevalence in the Long-Term Future in 18 European Countries and in the USA [2020]
• France
  • Journal of Clinical Medicine
    • Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in France: The 2020 Obepi-Roche Study by the "Ligue Contre l'Obésité" [2023]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Evolution of the prevalence of obesity in the adult population in France, 2013–2016: the Constances study [2021]
• Gambia
  • BMJ Open
    • The silent epidemic of obesity in The Gambia: evidence from a nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional health examination survey [2020]
• Germany
  • BMC Geriatrics
    • Prevalence and determinants of overweight and obesity in old age in Germany [2015]
  • Healthcare
    • BMI Alterations and Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Related to Service Duration at the German Armed Forces [2023]
  • Obesity Facts
    • Socioeconomic Inequalities in the Rise of Adult Obesity: A Time-Trend Analysis of National Examination Data from Germany, 1990–2011 [2019]
    • Changes in Waist Circumference among German Adults over Time - Compiling Results of Seven Prospective Cohort Studies [2016]
• Ghana
  • BMC Public Health
    • Overweight and obesity epidemic in Ghana—a systematic review and meta-analysis [2016]
    • Double burden of malnutrition: increasing overweight and obesity and stall underweight trends among Ghanaian women [2015]
  • BMJ Open
    • Spatial analysis of the prevalence of obesity and overweight among women in Ghana [2021]
  • Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
    • Trends and economic inequalities in obesity prevalence in Ghana: a cross-sectional study spanning 2008-2022 [2025]
• India
  • BMC Public Health
    • Trends and determinants of obesity among ever-married women aged 15-49 in India: insights from National Family Health Surveys (NFHS 1998-2021) [2025]
    • Temporal change in prevalence of BMI categories in India: patterns across States and Union territories of India, 1999-2021 [2024]
    • Do trends in the prevalence of overweight by socio-economic position differ between India’s most and least economically developed states? [2019]
  • BMJ Open
    • Trends in the socioeconomic patterning of overweight/obesity in India: a repeated cross-sectional study using nationally representative data [2018]
  • Epidemiologia
    • Obesity and Abdominal Obesity in Indian Population: Findings from a Nationally Representative Study of 698,286 Participants [2023]
  • Indian Journal of Medical Research
    • Prevalence of generalized & abdominal obesity in urban & rural India- the ICMR - INDIAB Study (Phase-I) [ICMR - INDIAB-3] [2015]
  • Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia
    • Abdominal obesity in India: analysis of the National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-2021) data [2023]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Spatial clustering of overweight/obesity among women in India: Insights from the latest National Family Health Survey [2024]
    • Forecasting the prevalence of overweight and obesity in India to 2040 [2020]
• Indonesia
  • Medicine
    • The urgency in proposing the optimal obesity cutoff value in Indonesian population: A narrative review [2022]
  • Nutrients
    • Disparities in Obesity Rates among Adults: Analysis of 514 Districts in Indonesia [2022]
  • Public Health Action
    • Trends in BMI of Indonesian adults between 1993 and 2014: a longitudinal population-based study [2023]
• International
  • BMC Public Health
    • Global prevalence of obesity and overweight among medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • EClinicalMedicine
    • Trends and predictions of malnutrition and obesity in 204 countries and territories: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 [2023]
  • European Journal of Epidemiology
    • Global, regional and time-trend prevalence of central obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 13.2 million subjects [2020]
  • Iranian Journal of Public Health
    • The Effect of Human Development Index on Obesity Prevalence at the Global Level: A Spatial Analysis [2023]
  • Journal of Global Health
    • Global burden and cross-country inequalities in diseases associated with high body mass index from 1990 to 2019: Result from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 [2024]
  • Lancet
    • Global, regional, and national prevalence of adult overweight and obesity, 1990-2021, with forecasts to 2050: a forecasting study for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 [2025]
    • Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults [2017]
    • Global, regional and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults 1980-2013: A systematic analysis [2014]
  • Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental
    • A 2022 update on the epidemiology of obesity and a call to action: as its twin COVID-19 pandemic appears to be receding, the obesity and dysmetabolism pandemic continues to rage on [2022]
  • Obesity Reviews
    • What is a "high" prevalence of obesity? Two rapid reviews and a proposed set of thresholds for classifying prevalence levels [2022]
    • Rising prevalence of BMI >=40 kg/m2: A high-demand epidemic needing better documentation [2020]
  • PharmacoEconomics
    • The Epidemiology of Obesity: A Big Picture [2015]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Prevalence patterns of overweight and obesity in the world: An age-period-cohort analysis [2025]
    • The association between national income and adult obesity prevalence: Empirical insights into temporal patterns and moderators of the association using 40 years of data across 147 countries [2020]
  • World Obesity Federation
    • Prevalence of Obesity
    • Global Obesity Observatory
• Iran
  • BMC Geriatrics
    • The prevalence of obesity in older adults in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]
  • BMC Public Health
    • The prevalence of obesity and overweight among Iranian population: an umbrella systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
    • The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Iranian military personnel: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]
  • Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine
    • Changes in Obesity Odds Ratio among Iranian Adults, since 2000: Quadratic Inference Functions Method [2016]
  • Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
    • Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Iranian population: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
  • Obesity Facts
    • Disparities in Obesity Prevalence in Iranian Adults: Cross-Sectional Study Using Data from the 2016 STEPS Survey [2021]
  • Scientific Reports
    • National and subnational trends in obesity prevalence in Iran: a Spatiotemporal study with future predictions [2025]
• Iraq
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Overweight and Obesity among Adults in Iraq: Prevalence and Correlates from a National Survey in 2015 [2021]
• Italy
  • PLoS ONE
    • Trends of overweight, obesity and anthropometric measurements among the adult population in Italy: The CUORE Project health examination surveys 1998, 2008, and 2018 [2022]
• Jamaica
  • Cureus
    • Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Jamaica From 2000 to 2016 [2023]
• Japan
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Trends and Disparities in Adult Body Mass Index Across the 47 Prefectures of Japan, 1975-2018: A Bayesian Spatiotemporal Analysis of National Household Surveys [2022]
  • Journal of Epidemiology
    • Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and the Prevalence of Underweight, Overweight or Obesity in a General Japanese Population: NIPPON DATA2010 [2018]
  • Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology
    • Monitoring Obesity Trends in Health Japan 21 [2015]
  • Journal of Occupational Health
    • Five-year cumulative incidence of overweight and obesity, and longitudinal change in body mass index in Japanese workers: The Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study [2019]
• Jordan
  • Epidemiology and Health
    • An alarmingly high and increasing prevalence of obesity in Jordan [2020]
• Kenya
  • Pan African Medical Journal
    • The prevalence and associated factors of underweight and overweight/obesity among adults in Kenya: evidence from a national cross-sectional community survey [2020]
  • Preventive Medicine Reports
    • Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity in Kenya [2021]
• Kuwait
  • BMC Public Health
    • Prevalence of overweight and obesity, and associations with socio-demographic factors in Kuwait [2021]
  • Journal of Obesity
    • A Review of Adult Obesity Prevalence, Trends, Risk Factors, and Epidemiologic Methods in Kuwait [2013]
• Latin America and the Caribbean
  • Lancet Global Health
    • The shift of obesity burden by socioeconomic status between 1998 and 2017 in Latin America and the Caribbean: a cross-sectional series study [2019]
• Lebanon
  • BMC Public Health
    • Trends in overweight and obesity in Lebanon: evidence from two national cross-sectional surveys (1997 and 2009) [2012]
• Lesotho
  • BMC Public Health
    • Time trends in socio-economic, urban-rural and regional disparities in prevalence of obesity among non-pregnant women in Lesotho: evidence from Lesotho demographic and health surveys (2004–2014) [2021]
• Libya
  • Libyan Journal of Medicine
    • Obesity in Libya: a review [2012]
• Low and middle income countries
  • International Journal of Obesity
    • Socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity among women aged 20–49 in low- and middle-income countries [2020]
  • Nutrition Reviews
    • The Global Nutrition Transition: The Pandemic of Obesity in Developing Countries [2012]
  • Obesity Reviews
    • New dynamics in global obesity facing low- and middle-income countries [2013]
• Luxembourg
  • BMC Research Notes
    • Socioeconomic inequality and obesity prevalence trends in Luxembourg, 1995-2007 [2012]
• Malawi
  • PLoS ONE
    • Multilevel analysis of unhealthy bodyweight among women in Malawi: Does urbanisation matter? [2021]
• Malaysia
  • PLoS ONE
    • Prevalence of obesity and its associated risk factors among the elderly in Malaysia: Findings from The National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2015 [2020]
• Maldives
  • PLoS ONE
    • Prevalence and associated factors of underweight, overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age group in the Maldives: Evidence from a nationally representative study [2020]
• Mexico
  • BMC Public Health
    • Time trends and sex differences in associations between socioeconomic status indicators and overweight-obesity in Mexico (2006–2012) [2015]
  • Global Health Action
    • Regional-level estimation of expected years of life lost attributable to overweight and obesity among Mexican adults [2016]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Educational Inequalities in Obesity among Mexican Women: Time-Trends from 1988 to 2012 [2014]
• Middle East
  • Journal of Obesity
    • Prevalence of Obesity and Overweight among Adults in the Middle East Countries from 2000 to 2020: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2022]
• Netherlands
  • Geospatial Health
    • Geographic clustering and region-specific determinants of obesity in the Netherlands [2020]
• Nigeria
  • Annals of Medicine
    • Estimating the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Nigeria in 2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]
  • PLOS Global Public Health
    • Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Nigeria: Systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies [2022]
• Norway
  • Medical Decision Making
    • Modeling Obesity in Norway (The MOON Study): A Decision-Analytic Approach—Prevalence, Costs, and Years of Life Lost [2021]
• Norway, Russia
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Obesity Prevalence and Associated Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Health Behaviors in Russia and Norway [2022]
• OECD countries
  • Journal of Obesity
    • Can Obesity Prevalence Explain COVID-19 Indicators (Cases, Mortality, and Recovery)? A Comparative Study in OECD Countries [2022]
• Palau
  • Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine
    • Sociodemographic and behavioral factors related to obesity among adults in the Republic of Palau based on the WHO STEPwise approach to NCD risk factor surveillance 2011-2013: A cross-sectional study [2023]
• Panama
  • BMC Public Health
    • Prevalence of obesity in Panama: some risk factors and associated diseases [2015]
  • Lancet Regional Health – Americas
    • Prevalence of central obesity according to different definitions in normal weight adults of two cross-sectional studies in Panama [2022]
• Peru
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • What Drives Abdominal Obesity in Peru? A Multilevel Analysis Approach Using a Nationally Representative Survey [2022]
  • Preventing Chronic Disease: Public Health Research, Practice and Policy
    • Parity and Overweight/Obesity in Peruvian Women [2017]
• Poland
  • European Journal of Public Health
    • Secular trends in BMI and the prevalence of obesity in young Polish males from 1965 to 2010 [2014]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Prevalence and Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity among Adults in Poland: A 2019/2020 Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey [2022]
  • Nutrients
    • Prevalence of Overweight, Obesity, and Abdominal Obesity in Polish Adults: Sociodemographic Analysis from the 2016-2020 National Health Program [2024]
• Portugal
  • BMC Public Health
    • Prevalence of general and abdominal obesity in Portugal: comprehensive results from the National Food, nutrition and physical activity survey 2015–2016 [2018]
    • Differing trends in the association between obesity and self-reported health in Portugal and Switzerland. Data from national health surveys 1992-2007 [2012]
• Republic of Korea
  • BMJ Open
    • Projecting the prevalence of obesity in South Korea through 2040: a microsimulation modelling approach [2020]
  • Diabetes & Metabolism Journal
    • Trends in the Prevalence of Obesity and Its Phenotypes Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2017 in Korea [2022]
  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
    • Epidemiology and Trends of Obesity and Bariatric Surgery in Korea [2024]
  • Epidemiology and Health
    • Obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia in Korean adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a special report of the 2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [2022]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Trends and Inequalities in Overall and Abdominal Obesity by Sociodemographic Factors in Korean Adults, 1998–2018 [2021]
  • International Journal of Obesity
    • Nationwide trends in prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity among people with disabilities in South Korea from 2008 to 2017 [2022]
  • Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome
    • Obesity Fact Sheet in Korea, 2021: Trends in Obesity Prevalence and Obesity-Related Comorbidity Incidence Stratified by Age from 2009 to 2019 [2022]
    • Obesity Fact Sheet in Korea, 2020: Prevalence of Obesity by Obesity Class from 2009 to 2018 [2021]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Sex-specific role of education on the associations of socioeconomic status indicators with obesity risk: A population-based study in South Korea [2018]
  • Women’s Health Nursing
    • Prevalence of pre-obesity and above and its associated factors in adult women: an analysis of the 2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [2024]
  • World Journal of Men's Health
    • Obesity in Korean Men: Results from the Fourth through Sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2007~2014) [2016]
• Russia
  • Obesity Reviews
    • Overweight and Obesity in the Russian Population: Prevalence in Adults and Association with Socioeconomic Parameters and Cardiovascular Risk Factors [2019]
• Saudi Arabia
  • Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal
    • Epidemiology of obesity and control interventions in Saudi Arabia [2023]
  • Healthcare
    • The Impact of Age, Gender, Temporality, and Geographical Region on the Prevalence of Obesity and Overweight in Saudi Arabia: Scope of Evidence [2023]
    • Obesity in Saudi Arabia in 2020: Prevalence, Distribution, and Its Current Association with Various Health Conditions [2021]
  • Preventing Chronic Disease: Public Health Research, Practice and Policy
    • Obesity and Associated Factors — Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2013 [2014]
• South Africa
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Socioeconomic Inequalities in Adult Obesity Prevalence in South Africa: A Decomposition Analysis [2014]
• South America
  • PLoS ONE
    • Prevalence, Distributions and Determinants of Obesity and Central Obesity in the Southern Cone of America [2016]
• South Asia
  • Nutrients
    • Obesity and Dyslipidemia in South Asians [2013]
• Spain
  • International Journal for Equity in Health
    • Unconditional quantile regressions to determine the social gradient of obesity in Spain 1993–2014 [2016]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • BMC Public Health
    • Overweight and obesity among women: analysis of demographic and health survey data from 32 Sub-Saharan African Countries [2016]
  • International Health
    • Trends in obesity by socioeconomic status among non-pregnant women aged 15–49 y: a cross-sectional, multi-dimensional equity analysis of demographic and health surveys in 11 sub-Saharan Africa countries, 1994–2015 [2021]
  • Nutrients
    • Overnutrition and associated factors among women of reproductive age in Sub-Saharan Africa: A hierarchical analysis of 2019-2023 standard demographic and health survey data [2024]
• Sweden
  • Annals of Epidemiology
    • Time trends of the association of body mass index with mortality in 3.5 million young Swedish adults [2024]
  • Scandinavian Journal of Public Health
    • Prevalence and time trends of overweight, obesity and severe obesity in 447,925 Swedish adults, 1995–2017 [2021]
• Switzerland
  • European Journal of Public Health
    • Body mass index in young men in Switzerland after the national shutdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a cross-sectional monitoring study at the population level since 2010 [2022]
  • Journal of Nutritional Science
    • A quantitative synthesis study on body mass index and associated factors among adult men and women in Switzerland [2022]
  • Obesity Facts
    • From Undernutrition to Overnutrition: The Evolution of Overweight and Obesity among Young Men in Switzerland since the 19th Century [2016]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Socioeconomic, Temporal and Regional Variation in Body Mass Index among 188,537 Swiss Male Conscripts Born between 1986 and 1992 [2014]
• Syria
  • Vascular Health and Risk Management
    • CVD and obesity in transitional Syria: a perspective from the Middle East [2012]
• Taiwan
  • PLoS ONE
    • Trends in the distribution of body mass index, waist circumference and prevalence of obesity among Taiwanese adults, 1993-2016 [2022]
• Timor-Leste
  • PLoS ONE
    • Prevalence and factors associated with underweight, overweight and obesity among 15-49-year-old men and women in Timor-Leste [2022]
• Tunisia
  • Population Health Metrics
    • Abdominal vs. overall obesity among women in a nutrition transition context: geographic and socio-economic patterns of abdominal-only obesity in Tunisia [2015]
• Uganda
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Spatial Distribution of Underweight, Overweight and Obesity among Women and Children: Results from the 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey [2013]
  • Obesity Science & Practice
    • Trend in overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age in Uganda: 1995–2016 [2019]
• United Arab Emirates
  • Journal of Obesity
    • The Epidemiology and Economic Burden of Obesity and Related Cardiometabolic Disorders in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review and Qualitative Synthesis [2018]
• United Kingdom
  • BMC Public Health
    • Unevenly distributed: A systematic review of the health literature about socioeconomic inequalities in adult obesity in the United Kingdom [2012]
  • BMJ Open
    • Does the use of prediction equations to correct self-reported height and weight improve obesity prevalence estimates? A pooled cross-sectional analysis of Health Survey for England data [2023]
    • How much of the stalled mortality trends in Scotland and England can be attributed to obesity? [2022]
  • British Journal of General Practice
    • Epidemiology of adult overweight recording and management by UK GPs: a systematic review [2017]
  • Department of Health and Social Care
    • Obesity Profile
  • Office for Health Improvement and Disparities
    • Obesity Profile: short statistical commentary May 2024 [2024]
  • PLoS Medicine
    • How Has the Age-Related Process of Overweight or Obesity Development Changed over Time? Co-ordinated Analyses of Individual Participant Data from Five United Kingdom Birth Cohorts [2015]
  • UK Parliament
    • Obesity statistics [2025]
• United States
  • Advances in Nutrition
    • Racial-Ethnic Disparities in Obesity and Biological, Behavioral, and Sociocultural Influences in the United States: A Systematic Review [2021]
  • American Journal of Preventive Medicine
    • Obesity Prevalence Among U.S. Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic [2022]
    • Prevalence and Trends in Lifetime Obesity in the U.S., 1988–2014 [2017]
    • Obesity Among U.S.- and Foreign-Born Blacks by Region of Birth [2015]
  • Annals of Internal Medicine
    • Heterogeneity in Obesity Prevalence Among Asian American Adults [2022]
  • BMJ
    • Trends in obesity and adiposity measures by race or ethnicity among adults in the United States 2011-18: population based study [2021]
  • BMJ Open
    • Trends in body mass index, overweight and obesity among adults in the USA, the NHANES from 2003 to 2018: a repeat cross-sectional survey [2023]
    • Temporal trends in obesity defined by the relative fat mass (RFM) index among adults in the United States from 1999 to 2020: a population-based study [2023]
    • Regional differences in intercohort and intracohort trends in obesity in the USA: evidence from the National Health Interview Survey, 1982-2018 [2022]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • State-Specific Prevalence of Severe Obesity Among Adults in the US Using Bias Correction of Self-Reported Body Mass Index [2023]
    • Prevalence of Obesity and Severe Obesity Among Adults: United States, 2017-2018 [2020]
    • Obesity Prevalence Among Adults Living in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Counties — United States, 2016 [2018]
    • Prevalence of Obesity Among Adults, by Household Income and Education — United States, 2011–2014 [2017]
    • Overweight Prevalence
    • Obesity Data and Statistics
    • Adult Obesity Facts
  • Cureus
    • Trends in Obesity-Related Mortality and Racial Disparities [2023]
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • The Prevalence of Overfat Adults and Children in the US [2017]
  • Gastroenterology Clinics of North America
    • Obesity epidemiology trends by race/ethnicity, gender, and education: National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2012 [2016]
  • International Journal of Epidemiology
    • Has the prevalence of overweight, obesity and central obesity levelled off in the United States? Trends, patterns, disparities, and future projections for the obesity epidemic [2020]
  • JAMA
    • Trends in Obesity Prevalence by Race and Hispanic Origin—1999-2000 to 2017-2018 [2020]
  • JAMA Network Open
    • Use of Small-Area Estimates to Describe County-Level Geographic Variation in Prevalence of Extreme Obesity Among US Adults [2020]
  • Lancet
    • National-level and state-level prevalence of overweight and obesity among children, adolescents, and adults in the USA, 1990-2021, and forecasts up to 2050 [2024]
  • New England Journal of Medicine
    • Projected U.S. State-Level Prevalence of Adult Obesity and Severe Obesity [2019]
    • Simulation of Growth Trajectories of Childhood Obesity into Adulthood [2017]
  • Obesity
    • Regional Disparities in Obesity Prevalence in the United States: A Spatial Regime Analysis [2014]
  • Obesity Reviews
    • Obesity and Mortality: Are the Risks Declining? Evidence from Multiple Prospective Studies in the U.S [2014]
  • Obesity Science & Practice
    • The Hispanic paradox in the prevalence of obesity at the county-level [2020]
  • PLoS ONE
    • An interpretable machine learning model of cross-sectional U.S. county-level obesity prevalence using explainable artificial intelligence [2023]
    • Redrawing the US Obesity Landscape: Bias-Corrected Estimates of State-Specific Adult Obesity Prevalence [2016]
    • Change in Obesity Prevalence across the United States Is Influenced by Recreational and Healthcare Contexts, Food Environments, and Hispanic Populations [2016]
  • Population Health Metrics
    • Measuring and tracking obesity inequality in the United States: evidence from NHANES, 1971-2014 [2016]
  • Rhode Island Medical Journal
    • Class II/III Obesity Prevalence in Residents of US Nursing Homes: Cross-sectional Study and Forecasting 2030 with COVID-19 Perspective [2023]
• Uzbekistan
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Obesity, Burden of Ischemic Heart Diseases and Their Ecological Association: The Case of Uzbekistan [2022]
• Vietnam
  • Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific
    • Prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity and their association with metabolic-related conditions in Vietnamese adults: an analysis of Vietnam STEPS survey 2009 and 2015 [2023]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Prevalence of overweight among adults, BMI >= 25 (crude estimate) (%)
    • Prevalence of overweight among adults, BMI >= 25 (age-standardized estimate) (%)
    • Prevalence of obesity among adults, BMI >= 30 (crude estimate) (%)
    • Prevalence of obesity among adults, BMI >= 30 (age-standardized estimate) (%)
• Zimbabwe
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Trends in Prevalence and Related Risk Factors of Overweight and Obesity among Women of Reproductive Age in Zimbabwe, 2005–2015 [2019]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Obesity in children and adolescents: epidemiology
    • Obesity

Obesity: genetics

• Arab countries
  • International Journal of Obesity
    • Genetic polymorphisms associated with obesity in the Arab world: a systematic review [2021]
  • Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
    • The genetic elucidation of monogenic obesity in the Arab world: a systematic review [2022]
• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Genetics of obesity [2017]
• East Asia
  • Frontiers in Genetics
    • Genetics of Obesity in East Asians [2020]
• Europe
  • BMC Medical Genomics
    • FTO haplotyping underlines high obesity risk for European populations [2019]
  • European Society of Endocrinology
    • Clinical management of patients with genetic obesity during COVID-19 pandemic: position paper of the ESE Growth & Genetic Obesity COVID-19 Study Group and Rare Endo-ERN main thematic group on Growth and Obesity [2021]
  • Nutrients
    • Interaction Effect of the Mediterranean Diet and an Obesity Genetic Risk Score on Adiposity and Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents: The HELENA Study [2020]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Development of a Genetic Risk Score to predict the risk of overweight and obesity in European adolescents from the HELENA study [2021]
    • Common genetic variation in obesity, lipid transfer genes and risk of Metabolic Syndrome: Results from IDEFICS/I.Family study and meta-analysis [2020]
• High-income countries
  • SAGE Open Medicine
    • The obesity epidemic – Nature via nurture: A narrative review of high-income countries [2020]
• India
  • Journal of Genetics
    • Genetics of obesity and its measures in India [2018]
• International
  • Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism
    • Genetic Variants in the Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated Gene and Risk of Obesity/Overweight in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2024]
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences
    • Systematic Review of IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-15, and IL-18 Gene Polymorphisms and Meta-Analysis of IL-6 Variant and Its Association with Overweight and Obesity Risk in Men [2024]
  • Nature Reviews Genetics
    • The genetics of obesity: from discovery to biology [2022]
  • Nutrients
    • The Genetic Basis of Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review [2023]
  • Obesity
    • Genetics of Obesity in Consanguineous Populations: Toward Precision Medicine and the Discovery of Novel Obesity Genes [2018]
• Malaysia
  • Genes
    • Genetic Variants of Obesity in Malaysia: A Scoping Review [2024]
• Norway
  • Human Molecular Genetics
    • Separating the genetics of childhood and adult obesity: a validation study of genetic scores for body mass index in adolescence and adulthood in the HUNT Study [2020]
  • PLoS Medicine
    • Genetic associations with temporal shifts in obesity and severe obesity during the obesity epidemic in Norway: A longitudinal population-based cohort (the HUNT Study) [2020]
• Pakistan
  • Scientific Reports
    • Predicting anthropometric and metabolic traits with a genetic risk score for obesity in a sample of Pakistanis [2021]
• Portugal
  • Genes
    • Identification of Genetic Variants in 65 Obesity Related Genes in a Cohort of Portuguese Obese Individuals [2021]
• Qatar
  • Obesity Facts
    • The Spectrum of Genetic Variants Associated with the Development of Monogenic Obesity in Qatar [2022]
• Republic of Korea
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences
    • Gene-Nutrient Interactions in Obesity: COBLL1 Genetic Variants Interact with Dietary Fat Intake to Modulate the Incidence of Obesity [2023]
• United Kingdom
  • BMC Medicine
    • Independent and combined associations between fast-food outlet exposure and genetic risk for obesity: a population-based, cross-sectional study in the UK [2021]
  • BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health
    • Genetic risk of obesity as a modifier of associations between neighbourhood environment and body mass index: an observational study of 335 046 UK Biobank participants [2020]
  • Cell Metabolism
    • Association of genetic risk, lifestyle, and their interaction with obesity and obesity-related morbidities [2024]
  • Genetics of Obesity Study
    • Professionals
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Setmelanotide for treating obesity caused by LEPR or POMC deficiency [2022]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Genetic propensity for obesity, socioeconomic position, and trajectories of body mass index in older adults [2021]
    • Sex-specific moderation by lifestyle and psychosocial factors on the genetic contributions to adiposity in 112,151 individuals from UK Biobank [2019]
• United States
  • Endocrine Society
    • Obesity Pathogenesis: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement [2017]
  • Journal of Obesity
    • Genetics of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in African Americans [2013]
  • National Academies Press
    • Examining a Developmental Approach to Childhood Obesity [2015]
  • Obesity
    • NIH working group report—using genomic information to guide weight management: From universal to precision treatment [2015]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Association of a genetic risk score with BMI along the life-cycle: Evidence from several US cohorts [2020]
  • StatPearls
    • Genetics and Obesity
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Obesity

Obesity: pharmacologic treatment

• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Pharmacotherapy for obesity [2017]
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • Pharmacotherapy for the management of overweight and obesity [2025]
    • Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for weight loss: Consider the case for selective pharmacotherapy [2025]
    • New anti-obesity medications: Considerations and future directions in people with concurrent eating disorders [2023]
  • Australian Prescriber
    • Medicines for long-term obesity management [2022]
• Canada
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Pharmacoeconomic Review Report: Naltrexone Hydrochloride and Bupropion Hydrochloride (Contrave) [2020]
    • Clinical Review Report: Naltrexone Hydrochloride and Bupropion Hydrochloride (Contrave) [2020]
    • CADTH Canadian Drug Expert Committee Recommendation: Naltrexone Hydrochloride and Bupropion Hydrochloride (Contrave — Bausch Health, Canada Inc.) [2020]
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • Weight normativity in action: Semaglutide and obesity [2025]
  • Canadian Journal of Public Health
    • Drivers of medicalization in the Canadian Adult Obesity Clinical Practice Guidelines [2022]
  • Obesity Canada
    • Pharmacotherapy in Obesity Management [2022]
• Europe
  • European Association for the Study of Obesity
    • 2014 EASO Position Statement on the Use of Anti-Obesity Drugs [2015]
  • European Medicines Agency
    • Clinical evaluation of medicinal products used in weight control - Scientific guideline
  • Pharmacology Research & Perspectives
    • Analysis of Reporting Trends of Serious Adverse Events Associated With Anti-Obesity Drugs [2025]
• Europe, United States
  • Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity
    • The Efficacy of GLP-1 Analogues on Appetite Parameters, Gastric Emptying, Food Preference and Taste Among Adults with Obesity: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials [2023]
• International
  • American Journal of Cardiology
    • Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide for Weight Loss in Patients Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials [2024]
  • BMC Medicine
    • Post-marketing withdrawal of anti-obesity medicinal products because of adverse drug reactions: a systematic review [2016]
  • Current Obesity Reports
    • Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Obesity Treatment: Where Do We Stand? [2021]
  • Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity
    • Semaglutide 2.4 Mg for the Management of Overweight and Obesity: Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis [2022]
  • Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome
    • The best drug supplement for obesity treatment: a systematic review and network meta-analysis [2021]
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • The effects of subcutaneous Tirzepatide on obesity and overweight: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomized controlled trials [2023]
  • Pediatric Obesity
    • Considerations for the design and conduct of pediatric obesity pharmacotherapy clinical trials: Proceedings of expert roundtable meetings [2024]
• Ireland
  • Association for the Study of Obesity on the Island of Ireland
    • Pharmacotherapy in Obesity Management [2022]
• Latin America
  • Obesity Reviews
    • Consensus on pharmacological treatment of obesity in Latin America [2024]
• Norway
  • Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
    • Pharmacological treatment of obesity in adults in Norway 2004-2022 [2024]
• Poland
  • Nutrition, Obesity & Metabolic Surgery
    • Treatment of overweight and obesity during and after a pandemic. Let’s not wait for the development of complications – new guidelines for doctors [2020]
• Republic of Korea
  • Journal of Global Health
    • A nationwide pharmacovigilance investigation on trends and seriousness of adverse events induced by anti-obesity medication [2023]
• Saudi Arabia
  • Scientific World Journal
    • Safety Evaluation of Local Weight-Gain Formulas in the Saudi Arabian Markets [2015]
• United Kingdom
  • Advances in Therapy
    • Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide 2.4 mg Injection is Cost-Effective for Weight Management in the United Kingdom [2023]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Tirzepatide for managing overweight and obesity [2024]
    • Semaglutide for managing overweight and obesity [2023]
    • Liraglutide for managing overweight and obesity [2020]
    • Naltrexone–bupropion for managing overweight and obesity [2017]
  • Right Decisions
    • Drugs Used in the Treatment of Obesity
• United States
  • AMA Journal of Ethics
    • Should Pharmaceuticals Be Used as Weight Loss Interventions for Adolescents Classified as Obese by BMI? [2023]
  • American Family Physician
    • Semaglutide (Wegovy) for the Treatment of Obesity [2023]
  • American Gastroenterological Association
    • AGA Clinical Practice Guideline on Pharmacological Interventions for Adults With Obesity [2022]
  • American Journal of Health Promotion
    • The Critical Role of Lifestyle With the Use of Contemporary Obesity Management Medications [2025]
    • Building Comprehensive Care Networks to Support Lifestyle Change in Patients Taking Obesity Management Medications [2025]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Prescriptions for Obesity Medications Among Adolescents Aged 12–17 Years with Obesity — United States, 2018–2023 [2025]
  • Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
    • Pharmacotherapy for obesity: What you need to know [2017]
  • Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity
    • Pharmacotherapy in Pediatric Obesity: Current Evidence and Landscape [2021]
  • EClinicalMedicine
    • Pharmacotherapy of obesity: an update on the available medications and drugs under investigation [2023]
  • Endocrine Practice
    • Anti-obesity Medication Use Among Adults with Overweight and Obesity in the United States: 2015–2018 [2021]
  • Endocrine Society
    • Pharmacological management of obesity: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline [2015]
  • Endotext
    • Pharmacologic Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults
  • Expert Opinion on Drug Safety
    • The risk of cardiovascular complications with current obesity drugs [2020]
  • Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
    • The limits and challenges of antiobesity pharmacotherapy [2020]
    • Anorectic state of obesity medications in the United States. Are leaner times ahead? [2020]
  • Institute for Clinical and Economic Review
    • Obesity Management
  • JAMA
    • Association of Pharmacological Treatments for Obesity With Weight Loss and Adverse Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2016]
  • JAMA Health Forum
    • Lifetime Health Effects and Cost-Effectiveness of Tirzepatide and Semaglutide in US Adults [2025]
  • JAMA Network Open
    • Older Adults' Views on Insurance Coverage for Weight Management Medications [2025]
    • Cost-Effectiveness of Pharmacotherapy for the Treatment of Obesity in Adolescents [2023]
  • Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy
    • Cost-effectiveness analysis of semaglutide 2.4 mg for the treatment of adult patients with overweight and obesity in the United States [2022]
  • Journal of the Endocrine Society
    • An Updated Approach to Antiobesity Pharmacotherapy: Moving Beyond the 5% Weight Loss Goal [2023]
  • Journal of Women's Health
    • Obstetrician-Gynecologists' Strategies for Patient Initiation and Maintenance of Antiobesity Treatment with Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists [2021]
  • Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal
    • Medical Management of Obesity: Current Trends and Future Perspectives [2025]
  • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
    • Medications and Obesity: Exploring the Landscape and Advancing Comprehensive Care: Proceedings of a Workshop [2024]
  • Nutrition & Diabetes
    • An algorithm for the use of anti-obesity medications [2024]
  • Obesity
    • Treatment of obesity: Pharmacotherapy trends in the United States from 1999 to 2010 [2015]
  • Obesity Pillars
    • Clinical review: Guide to pharmacological management in pediatric obesity medicine [2023]
  • StatPearls
    • Pharmacologic Therapy for Obesity
    • Orlistat
  • Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences
    • Paradigm shift in obesity treatment: an extensive review of current pipeline agents [2025]
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation
    • Medicare Coverage of Anti-Obesity Medications [2024]
  • U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
    • Weight Management Medications for Chronic Use [2024]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Obesity

Obesity: prevention, treatment

• Americas
  • Pan American Health Organization
    • Obesity Prevention
• Asia
  • Medicine
    • Acupuncture and weight loss in Asians: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]
• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Obesity and weight management at menopause [2017]
    • Obesity – recommendations for management in general practice and beyond [2013]
  • Health Promotion International
    • A snapshot of the scope of obesity prevention practice in Australia [2015]
• Australia, New Zealand
  • Royal Australasian College of Physicians
    • Action to prevent obesity and reduce its impact across the life course - RACP Position Statement on Obesity [2018]
    • Action to prevent obesity and reduce its impact across the life course - Evidence Review [2018]
• Canada
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • Family physicians and obese patients [2017]
• China
  • BMC Public Health
    • Policy analysis of system responses to addressing and reversing the obesity trend in China: a documentary research [2023]
  • Obesity Reviews
    • Program and Policy Options for Preventing Obesity in China [2013]
• Europe
  • European Association for the Study of Obesity
    • The H2020 "NoHoW Project": A Position Statement on Behavioural Approaches to Longer-Term Weight Management [2021]
    • The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) Endorses the Milan Charter on Urban Obesity [2021]
    • 2015 Milan Declaration: A Call to Action on Obesity - an EASO Position Statement on the Occasion of the 2015 EXPO [2016]
    • An EASO Position Statement on Multidisciplinary Obesity Management in Adults [2014]
  • United European Gastroenterology
    • UEG position paper: Obesity and digestive health [2022]
• Fiji
  • BioMed Research International
    • Perspectives of Fijian Policymakers on the Obesity Prevention Policy Landscape [2015]
• Germany
  • Deutsches Ärzteblatt International
    • The Prevention and Treatment of Obesity [2014]
• India
  • F1000Research
    • A Scoping Review of Existing Policy Instruments to Tackle Overweight and Obesity in India: Recommendations for a Social and Behaviour Change Communication Strategy [2024]
  • Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of India
    • Counselling and Behaviour Modification Techniques for the Management of Obesity in Postpartum and Midlife Women: A Practical Guide for Clinicians [2022]
• International
  • Cadernos de Saúde Pública
    • Quality assessment of clinical guidelines for the treatment of obesity in adults: application of the AGREE II instrument [2018]
  • Healthcare
    • Effectiveness of Multicomponent Interventions and Physical Activity in the Workplace to Reduce Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2023]
  • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
    • The Challenge of Treating Obesity and Overweight: Proceedings of a Workshop [2017]
  • Obesity Reviews
    • Clinical practice guidelines for the management of overweight and obesity published internationally: A scoping review [2024]
    • Outcomes of the first global multidisciplinary consensus meeting including persons living with obesity to standardize patient-reported outcome measurement in obesity treatment research [2022]
  • Obesity Surgery
    • Core Set of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Measuring Quality of Life in Clinical Obesity Care [2024]
• Iran
  • Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran
    • Health technology assessment of non-invasive interventions for weight loss and body shape in Iran [2016]
• Italy
  • European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine
    • ISPRM/ESPRM guidelines on Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine professional practice for adults with obesity and related comorbidities [2020]
• Mexico
  • Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity
    • Lifestyle intervention for obesity: a call to transform the clinical care delivery system in Mexico [2019]
  • Frontiers in Medicine
    • Looking for Crumbs in the Obesity Forest: Anti-obesity Interventions and Obesity-Associated Cardiometabolic Traits in the Mexican Population. History and Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses [2021]
• New Zealand
  • Best Practice Advocacy Centre New Zealand
    • Weight loss: the options and the evidence [2022]
• Norway
  • Norwegian Institute of Public Health
    • Treatment options for morbid obesity [2020]
• Qatar
  • Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
    • Exploring the Role of Community Pharmacists in Obesity and Weight Management in Qatar: A Mixed-Methods Study [2021]
• Republic of Korea
  • PLoS ONE
    • A national survey on current clinical practice pattern of Korean Medicine doctors for treating obesity [2022]
• Saudi Arabia
  • Saudi Medical Journal
    • Obesity management in the Saudi population [2023]
    • The Saudi clinical practice guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults [2016]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • PLoS ONE
    • Effectiveness of obesity interventions in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analyses [2025]
• Switzerland
  • Obesity Facts
    • Measuring Success in Obesity Prevention: A Synthesis of Health Promotion Switzerland's Long-Term Monitoring and Evaluation Strategy [2015]
• United Kingdom
  • Advances in Therapy
    • Recommendations from a Working Group on Obesity Care Competencies for Healthcare Education in the UK: A Report by the Steering Committee [2022]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Analysis of the UK recommendations on obesity based on a proposed implementation framework [2010]
  • British Psychological Society
    • Psychological perspectives on obesity: Addressing policy, practice and research priorities [2019]
  • Department of Health and Social Care
    • Tackling obesity: government strategy
    • Best practice guidance for weight management services
  • International Journal of Obesity
    • Cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgery and non-surgical weight management programmes for adults with severe obesity: a decision analysis model [2021]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Digital technologies for delivering multidisciplinary weight-management services: early value assessment [2024]
    • Swallowable gastric balloon capsule for weight loss [2020]
    • Obesity: clinical assessment and management [2016]
    • Obesity in adults: prevention and lifestyle weight management programmes [2016]
  • Public Health England
    • Weight management interventions: standard evaluation framework
• United States
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Behavioral and Pharmacotherapy Weight Loss Interventions to Prevent Obesity-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Adults: An Updated Systematic Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force [2018]
    • Methods for Evaluating Natural Experiments in Obesity: Systematic Evidence Review [2017]
  • American Journal of Managed Care
    • Inadequate insurance coverage for overweight/obesity management [2024]
    • Managed care considerations of weight management interventions for obesity [2022]
    • A review of current guidelines for the treatment of obesity [2022]
  • American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
    • Key messages on obesity care from the 2023 ASPEN Physician Preconference Course: A narrative review [2024]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Supporting Obesity Prevention in Statewide Quality Rating and Improvement Systems: A Review of State Standards [2017]
    • Tools for Identifying and Prioritizing Evidence-Based Obesity Prevention Strategies, Colorado [2013]
  • Current Obesity Reports
    • A Call to Reconceptualize Obesity Treatment in Service of Health Equity: Review of Evidence and Future Directions [2023]
  • International Journal of Obesity
    • Managing Obesity in Primary Care Practice: An Overview and Perspective from the POWER-UP Study [2013]
  • Journal of General Internal Medicine
    • Treatment of Obesity in Primary Care Practice in the United States: A Systematic Review [2009]
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
    • Managing Overweight and Obesity in Adults: Systematic Evidence Review from the Obesity Expert Panel [2013]
  • Society of Behavioral Medicine
    • Educate Health Care Providers about Behavioral Treatments for Obesity [2019]
    • An Evidence-based Guide for Obesity Treatment in Primary Care [2016]
  • U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
    • Management of Adult Overweight and Obesity (OBE) (2020) - VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guidelines [2020]
  • Women's Preventive Services Initiative
    • Preventing Obesity in Midlife Women: A Recommendation From the Women's Preventive Services Initiative [2022]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Health service delivery framework for prevention and management of obesity [2023]
• WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
  • WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
    • Summary report on Developing an action plan for preventing obesity and diabetes in the Eastern Mediterranean Region Geneva, Switzerland 31 May–1 June 2016 [2017]
    • Proposed policy priorities for preventing obesity and diabetes in the Eastern Mediterranean Region [2017]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Obesity

Obesity: surgical treatment

• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Management of bariatric patients beyond the scalpel [2017]
    • Bariatric–metabolic surgery: A guide for the primary care physician [2017]
    • The bariatric surgery patient – nutrition considerations [2013]
  • Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
    • Weight loss surgery in Australia 2014–15: Australian hospital statistics [2017]
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • Bariatric surgery [2025]
    • Comorbidities of obesity and preconception counselling: Consideration of bariatric surgery [2022]
  • Medical Journal of Australia
    • Fertility, pregnancy and post partum management after bariatric surgery: a narrative review [2022]
  • Obesity Surgery
    • Online Search Trends Related to Bariatric Surgery and Their Relationship with Utilization in Australia [2024]
• Austria
  • Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
    • Fertility, Pregnancy and Lactation After Bariatric Surgery – a Consensus Statement from the OEGGG [2018]
  • Obesity Surgery
    • The Timing of Pregnancies After Bariatric Surgery has No Impact on Children's Health-a Nationwide Population-based Registry Analysis [2023]
• Brazil
  • Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões
    • Brazilian national bariatric registry - pilot study [2023]
    • Trends in bariatric surgeries in the Brazilian Federative Units, 2009-2019: a descriptive study [2022]
    • The recommendations of the Brazilian College of Surgeons and the Brazilian Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Societies on the return of bariatric and metabolic operations in geographic regions of the country where the procedures have been allowed by local policies, in the period of COVID-19 pandemic [2020]
• Canada
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Body Mass Index as a Measure of Obesity and Cut-Off for Surgical Eligibility [2022]
    • Bariatric Surgery for the Long-Term Treatment of Obesity: A Review of the Clinical Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness [2016]
    • Obstetric, Neonatal, and Child Outcomes for Women with Previous Bariatric Surgery: A Review of the Clinical Evidence [2014]
    • Bariatric Surgical Procedures for Obese and Morbidly Obese Patients: A Review of Comparative Clinical and Cost-Effectiveness, and Guidelines [2014]
  • Canadian Association of Bariatric Physicians and Surgeons
    • Guidelines for Canadian bariatric surgical and medical centres: a statement from the Canadian Association of Bariatric Physicians and Surgeons [2022]
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • Medication management and pharmacokinetic changes after bariatric surgery [2020]
  • Obesity Canada
    • Bariatric Surgery: Surgical Options and Outcomes [2020]
    • Bariatric Surgery: Selection and Preoperative Work-up [2020]
    • Bariatric Surgery: Postoperative Management [2020]
  • Ontario Health
    • Bariatric Surgery for Adults With Class I Obesity and Difficult-to-Manage Type 2 Diabetes: A Health Technology Assessment [2023]
  • Pediatric Obesity
    • Effectiveness of surgical interventions for managing obesity in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis framed using minimal important difference estimates based on GRADE guidance to inform a clinical practice guideline [2024]
• China
  • BioScience Trends
    • Formulation and interpretation of the Chinese Guidelines for Surgical Treatment of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [2021]
  • Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
    • Metabolic and bariatric surgery in China: A summary of the Greater China Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Database and comparison with other international registry databases [2023]
• Denmark
  • International Journal of Obesity
    • Use of proton pump inhibitors after laparoscopic gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy: a nationwide register-based cohort study [2024]
• Europe
  • European Association for Endoscopic Surgery
    • Clinical practice guidelines of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) on bariatric surgery: update 2020 endorsed by IFSO-EC, EASO and ESPCOP [2020]
  • European Association for the Study of Obesity
    • Practical Recommendations of the Obesity Management Task Force of the European Association for the Study of Obesity for the Post-Bariatric Surgery Medical Management [2017]
    • Interdisciplinary European Guidelines on Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery [2013]
  • European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
    • Curriculum for bariatric endoscopy and endoscopic treatment of the complications of bariatric surgery: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Position Statement [2023]
  • International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders
    • Development of the International Federation for Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders-European Chapter (IFSO-EC) Grade-Based Guidelines on the Surgical Treatment of Obesity Using Multimodal Strategies: Design and Methodological Aspects [2024]
  • Obesity Surgery
    • Clinical Indications, Utilization, and Funding of Bariatric Surgery in Europe [2014]
• Europe, United States
  • American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
    • American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy-European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guideline on primary endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapies for adults with obesity [2024]
• France
  • Société Française et Francophone de Chirurgie de l'Obésité et des Maladies Métaboliques
    • Position statement and guidelines about Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty (ESG) also known as "Endo-sleeve" [2025]
    • Recommendations for nutritional care after bariatric surgery: Recommendations for best practice and SOFFCO-MM/AFERO/SFNCM/expert consensus [2021]
    • SOFFCO-MM guidelines for the resumption of bariatric and metabolic surgery during and after the Covid-19 pandemic [2020]
• High-income countries
  • PLoS Medicine
    • Association of bariatric surgery with all-cause mortality and incidence of obesity-related disease at a population level: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]
• Hong Kong
  • Hong Kong Medical Journal
    • Recommendations for eligibility criteria concerning bariatric and metabolic surgical and endoscopic procedures for obese Hong Kong adults 2024: Hong Kong Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Position Statement [2024]
• India
  • Obesity Surgery
    • Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Society of India (OSSI) Recommendations for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic [2020]
• International
  • American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery
    • 2022 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) and International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO): Indications for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery [2022]
  • BMC Surgery
    • Update on comparison of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a systematic review and meta-analysis of weight loss, comorbidities, and quality of life at 5 years [2024]
  • Enhanced Recovery After Surgery
    • Guidelines for Perioperative Care in Bariatric Surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations: A 2021 Update [2022]
    • Guidelines for Perioperative Care in Bariatric Surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations [2016]
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • Quality evaluation of metabolic and bariatric surgical guidelines [2023]
  • International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders
    • Scientific evidence for the updated guidelines on indications for metabolic and bariatric surgery (IFSO/ASMBS) [2024]
    • Metabolic Bariatric Surgery Across the IFSO Chapters: Key Insights on the Baseline Patient Demographics, Procedure Types, and Mortality from the Eighth IFSO Global Registry Report [2024]
    • International consensus position statement on the role of obesity management medications in the context of metabolic bariatric surgery: expert guideline by the International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO) [2024]
    • IFSO Worldwide Survey 2020-2021: Current Trends for Bariatric and Metabolic Procedures [2024]
    • IFSO Consensus on Definitions and Clinical Practice Guidelines for Obesity Management-an International Delphi Study [2024]
    • IFSO Bariatric Endoscopy Committee Evidence-Based Review and Position Statement on Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty for Obesity Management [2024]
    • Summarizing Consensus Guidelines on Obesity Management: A Joint, Multidisciplinary Venture of the International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity & Metabolic Disorders (IFSO) and World Gastroenterology Organisation (WGO) [2023]
    • Methodology and Results of a Joint IFSO-WGO Delphi Survey of 94 Intercontinental, Interdisciplinary Experts in Obesity Management [2023]
    • Bariatric Surgery Survey 2018: Similarities and Disparities Among the 5 IFSO Chapters [2021]
    • Recommendations for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic from IFSO [2020]
    • Indications for Surgery for Obesity and Weight-Related Diseases: Position Statements from the International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO) [2016]
  • International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus
    • Gastro-esophageal diagnostic workup before bariatric surgery or endoscopic treatment for obesity: position statement of the International Society of Diseases of the Esophagus [2024]
  • Nature Reviews Endocrinology
    • International consensus on the diagnosis and management of dumping syndrome [2020]
  • Obesity Reviews
    • Pregnancy after bariatric surgery: Consensus recommendations for periconception, antenatal and postnatal care [2019]
  • Obesity Surgery
    • Quality of Life After Bariatric Surgery-a Systematic Review with Bayesian Network Meta-analysis [2021]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Impact of bariatric surgery on premenopausal women's womanliness: A qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis [2024]
  • Scientific Reports
    • International expert consensus on the current status and future prospects of artificial intelligence in metabolic and bariatric surgery [2025]
    • Current recommendations for procedure selection in class I and II obesity developed by an expert modified Delphi consensus [2024]
  • World Journal of Emergency Surgery
    • Operative management of acute abdomen after bariatric surgery in the emergency setting: the OBA guidelines [2022]
    • The Operative management in Bariatric Acute abdomen (OBA) Survey: long-term complications of bariatric surgery and the emergency surgeon’s point of view [2020]
• Ireland
  • Health Information and Quality Authority
    • HTA of metabolic surgery for comorbid T2D and obesity [2022]
• Israel
  • Israel Journal of Health Policy Research
    • Practices and attitudes of bariatric surgeons in Israel during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic [2020]
• Italy
  • Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
    • Laparoscopic bariatric surgery is safe during phase 2–3 of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: A multicenter, prospective, observational study [2021]
  • Eating and Weight Disorders
    • SICOB-endorsed national Delphi consensus on obesity treatment optimization: focus on diagnosis, pre-operative management, and weight regain/insufficient weight loss approach [2023]
  • Nutrients
    • Development of the Italian Clinical Practice Guidelines on Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery: Design and Methodological Aspects [2022]
  • Obesity Surgery
    • Evolution of Bariatric Surgery in Italy in the Last 11 Years: Data from the SICOB Yearly National Survey [2023]
  • Surgical Endoscopy
    • Enhanced recovery after bariatric surgery: an Italian consensus statement [2022]
  • Updates in Surgery
    • Bariatric surgery and the COVID-19 pandemic: SICOB recommendations on how to perform surgery during the outbreak and when to resume the activities in phase 2 of lockdown [2020]
• Japan
  • Diabetology International
    • Metabolic surgery in treatment of obese Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a joint consensus statement from the Japanese Society for Treatment of Obesity, the Japan Diabetes Society, and the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity [2021]
  • Journal of Clinical Medicine
    • Verification of Safety and Efficacy of Sleeve Gastrectomy Based on National Registry by Japanese Society for Treatment of Obesity [2023]
  • Journal of Gastroenterology
    • Current status of bariatric surgery in Japan and effectiveness in obesity and diabetes [2014]
• Latin America
  • International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders
    • COVID-19: IFSO LAC Recommendations for the Resumption of Elective Bariatric Surgery [2020]
• Middle East, North Africa
  • Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases
    • Bariatric surgery in the Middle East and North Africa: narrative review with focus on culture-specific considerations [2021]
• Nigeria
  • Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal
    • Obesity and the Need for Bariatric Surgery in Nigeria: A Review [2024]
• Pakistan
  • Annals of Medicine and Surgery
    • Implications of bariatric surgery and recommendations for Pakistan [2022]
• Poland
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Cost of Surgical Treatment of Obesity and Its Impact on Healthcare Expense-Nationwide Data from a Polish Registry [2023]
  • Polish Journal of Surgery
    • Current trends in bariatric surgery in patients older than 65 years in Poland [2024]
• Republic of Korea
  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
    • Metabolic Surgery in Korea: What to Consider before Surgery [2017]
    • Current Status of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery in Korea [2016]
  • Obesity Surgery
    • Nationwide Survey on Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery in Korea: 2003–2013 Results [2016]
• Spain
  • Cirugía Española (English Edition)
    • Quality Criteria in Bariatric Surgery: Consensus Review and Recommendations of the Spanish Association of Surgeons and the Spanish Society of Bariatric Surgery [2017]
• Sweden
  • Diabetes Care
    • Association of Bariatric Surgery With Cancer Incidence in Patients With Obesity and Diabetes: Long-term Results From the Swedish Obese Subjects Study [2022]
  • Obesity Surgery
    • Prediction of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) after bariatric surgery using regularized linear regression models: results from a Swedish nationwide quality register [2023]
    • Non-response After Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy-the Theoretical Need for Revisional Bariatric Surgery: Results from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry [2023]
  • Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases
    • High estimated prevalence of bariatric surgery in young adults treated for pediatric obesity [2021]
• Switzerland
  • Swiss Medical Weekly
    • Family planning, reproductive health and pregnancy after bariatric surgery: a survey of bariatric healthcare professionals in Switzerland [2024]
• United Kingdom
  • Academy of Medical Royal Colleges
    • Referral for bariatric surgery [2024]
  • British Obesity & Metabolic Surgery Society
    • Variation and outcomes of liver-reducing dietary regimens before bariatric surgery: a national retrospective cohort study [2023]
    • British Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Society Guidelines on perioperative and postoperative biochemical monitoring and micronutrient replacement for patients undergoing bariatric surgery—2020 update [2020]
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • Clinical outcomes and adverse events of bariatric surgery in adults with severe obesity in Scotland: the SCOTS observational cohort study [2024]
  • JRSM Open
    • Eligibility for bariatric surgery among adults in England: analysis of a national cross-sectional survey [2014]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty for obesity [2024]
    • Single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy for treating morbid obesity [2016]
    • Laparoscopic gastric plication for the treatment of severe obesity [2012]
  • NHS England
    • Specialised and complex obesity surgery for children [2017]
    • Obesity surgery for children with severe complex obesity [2017]
    • Complex and Specialised Obesity Surgery [2013]
  • Nutrients
    • Preconception and Pregnancy Nutrition Support for Women with a History of Bariatric Surgery: A Mixed-Methods Survey of Healthcare Professionals in the UK [2023]
  • PLoS Medicine
    • Bariatric Surgery in the United Kingdom: A Cohort Study of Weight Loss and Clinical Outcomes in Routine Clinical Care [2015]
  • Society for Endocrinology
    • Society for Endocrinology guidelines for the diagnosis and management of post-bariatric hypoglycaemia [2024]
  • Welsh Health Specialised Services Committee
    • Revision Surgery for Severe and Complex Obesity (Adults) [2023]
    • Obesity Surgery for Complex and Severe Obesity - Level 4 (Adults), Service Specification [2023]
    • Obesity Surgery for Complex and Severe Obesity - Level 4 (Adults), Commissioning Policy [2023]
• United States
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Short- and Long-Term Outcomes After Bariatric Surgery in the Medicare Population [2018]
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Pediatric Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: Evidence, Barriers, and Best Practices [2019]
    • Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery for Pediatric Patients With Severe Obesity [2019]
  • American Association of Clinical Endocrinology
    • Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Perioperative Nutrition, Metabolic, and Nonsurgical Support of Patients Undergoing Bariatric Procedures - 2019 Update: Cosponsored by American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology, The Obesity Society, American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Obesity Medicine Association, and American Society of Anesthesiologists [2020]
  • American Gastroenterological Association
    • AGA Institute Quality Measure Development for Intragastric Balloons in the Management of Obesity [2022]
    • Intragastric Balloons in the Management of Obesity: Clinical Decision Support Tool [2021]
    • AGA Clinical Practice Update on Evaluation and Management of Early Complications After Bariatric/Metabolic Surgery: Expert Review [2021]
  • American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
    • The role of endoscopy in the bariatric surgery patient [2015]
    • ASGE position statement on endoscopic bariatric therapies in clinical practice [2015]
    • ASGE Bariatric Endoscopy Task Force systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the ASGE PIVI thresholds for adopting endoscopic bariatric therapies [2015]
  • American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery
    • Cannabis use before and after metabolic and bariatric surgery: literature review [2025]
    • American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: postoperative care pathway guidelines for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [2025]
    • American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery review of the body mass index [2025]
    • American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Review of Body Composition [2025]
    • American society for metabolic and bariatric surgery: intra-operative care pathway for minimally invasive Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [2024]
    • American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery position statement on describing and coding paraesophageal hernia repair with concurrent bariatric surgery [2024]
    • American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery 2022 estimate of metabolic and bariatric procedures performed in the United States [2024]
    • Metabolic bone changes after bariatric surgery: 2020 update, American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Clinical Issues Committee position statement [2021]
    • Safer through surgery: American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery statement regarding metabolic and bariatric surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic [2020]
    • American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery updated statement on single-anastomosis duodenal switch [2020]
    • ASMBS position statement on the relationship between obesity and cancer, and the role of bariatric surgery: risk, timing of treatment, effects on disease biology, and qualification for surgery [2020]
    • ASMBS pediatric metabolic and bariatric surgery guidelines, 2018 [2018]
  • Annals of Surgery
    • Disparity Between United States Adolescent Class II and III Obesity Trends and Bariatric Surgery Utilization, 2015-2018 [2022]
  • Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses
    • Perinatal Care for People With a History of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: AWHONN Practice Brief #19 [2023]
  • BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care
    • Incidence of metabolic and bariatric surgery among US adults with obesity by diabetes status: 2016-2020 [2025]
  • Cureus
    • Evaluating the Correlation of Bariatric Surgery and the Prevalence of Cancers in Obese Patients: A Study of the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database [2022]
  • Endocrine Society
    • Endocrine and Nutritional Management of the Post-Bariatric Surgery Patient: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline [2010]
  • Implementation Science
    • Bariatric surgery implementation trends in the USA from 2002 to 2012 [2016]
  • Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine
    • Diagnosis and Management of Post-Bariatric Hypoglycemia [2025]
  • Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology
    • Beyond BMI: the need for new guidelines governing the use of bariatric and metabolic surgery [2014]
  • Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal
    • Surgical Strategies for the Management of Obesity [2025]
  • Obesity Surgery
    • Current Trends in the Utilization of a Robotic Approach in the Field of Bariatric Surgery [2023]
  • Seminars in Pediatric Surgery
    • Preoperative considerations for the pediatric patient undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery [2020]
  • Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons
    • SAGES guidelines for the management of comorbidities relevant to metabolic and bariatric surgery [2025]
    • Updated Panel Report: Best Practices for the Surgical Treatment of Obesity [2018]
  • StatPearls
    • Sleeve Gastrectomy
  • Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases
    • Breastfeeding in metabolic and bariatric patients: a comprehensive guide for surgeons, patients, and the multidisciplinary team [2025]
    • Bariatric surgery improves outcomes of hospitalizations for acute heart failure: a contemporary, nationwide analysis [2023]
  • Surgical Endoscopy
    • Bariatric surgery: trends in utilization, complications, conversions and revisions [2024]
  • Therapeutic Advances in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
    • Endobariatric procedures for obesity: clinical indications and available options [2021]
  • U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
    • Endoscopic Bariatric Interventions versus Lifestyle Interventions or Surgery for Weight Loss in Patients with Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2022]
    • Mental Health Assessment and Psychosocial Interventions for Bariatric Surgery [2014]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Obesity