Obstetrics, gynecology, andrology, sexual and reproductive health

Breastfeeding

Guidelines, reviews, epidemiology

 

Breastfeeding

• Australia
  • Queensland Clinical Guidelines
    • Establishing breastfeeding
• Canada
  • Canadian Paediatric Society
    • Weaning from the breast [2013]
  • Perinatal Services BC
    • Breastfeeding healthy term infants [2015]
  • Public Health Agency of Canada
    • Breastfeeding & Infant Nutrition
• Eastern Mediterranean
  • WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean
    • Breastfeeding
• Ethiopia
  • BMJ Open
    • Evidence on the effect of gender of newborn, antenatal care and postnatal care on breastfeeding practices in Ethiopia: a meta-analysis andmeta-regression analysis of observational studies [2019]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Exploring the determinants of exclusive breastfeeding among infants under-six months in Ethiopia using multilevel analysis [2021]
• Georgia
  • International Breastfeeding Journal
    • Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge: a study using data from the Georgian Birth Registry [2020]
• Italy
  • Italian Journal of Pediatrics
    • Position Statement on Breastfeeding from the Italian Pediatric Societies [2015]
• Philippines
  • WHO Western Pacific Region
    • Breastfeeding in the Philippines : a critical review, 2013 [2015]
• South Africa
  • PLoS ONE
    • Exclusive breastfeeding policy, practice and influences in South Africa, 1980 to 2018: A mixed-methods systematic review [2019]
• South Asia
  • International Breastfeeding Journal
    • Early initiation of breastfeeding: a systematic literature review of factors and barriers in South Asia [2016]
• South-East Asia
  • Health Policy and Planning
    • The cost of not breastfeeding in Southeast Asia [2016]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Journal of Global Health
    • Current findings and gaps in early initiation of breastfeeding practices in sub-Saharan African countries: A scoping review [2023]
• United Kingdom
  • Journal of Hospital Infection
    • Decontamination of breast pump milk collection kits and related items at home and in hospital: guidance from a Joint Working Group of the Healthcare Infection Society and Infection Prevention Society [2016]
  • NHS England
    • Maternity and Breastfeeding
• United States
  • Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine
    • Bedsharing and Breastfeeding: The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Protocol #6, Revision 2019 [2020]
    • Educational Objectives and Skills for the Physician with Respect to Breastfeeding, Revised 2018 [2018]
    • ABM Clinical Protocol #2: Guidelines for Hospital Discharge of the Breastfeeding Term Newborn and Mother: “The Going Home Protocol,” Revised 2014 [2014]
    • ABM Clinical Protocol #5: Peripartum Breastfeeding Management for the Healthy Mother and Infant at Term, Revision 2013 [2013]
    • Protocols
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Technical Report: Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk [2022]
    • Policy Statement: Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk [2022]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • The CDC Guide to Strategies to Support Breastfeeding Mothers and Babies [2013]
    • Breastfeeding
  • Food and Drug Administration
    • Breast Pumps
• Western Pacific
  • WHO Western Pacific Region
    • Breastfeeding in the Western Pacific
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Guideline: counselling of women to improve breastfeeding practices [2018]
    • Breastfeeding
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Postpartum (puerperium)
    • Obstetrics, perinatology
    • Medications and breastfeeding
    • Mastitis
    • HIV/AIDS and breastfeeding/infant feeding
    • Donor human milk, human milk banking
    • Breastfeeding statistics
    • Breastfeeding promotion
    • Breastfeeding complications
    • Breastfeeding and health outcomes
    • Breastfeeding and complementary feeding: premature or low birth weight infants
    • Breastfeeding and complementary feeding

Breastfeeding and complementary feeding

• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Feeding in the first year of life – emerging benefits of introducing complementary solids from 4 months [2012]
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • Breastfeeding: Expressing and supplementing [2022]
  • Better Safer Care
    • Breastfeeding for neonates
  • Department of Health and Aged Care
    • Marketing infant formula in Australia
  • JMIR mHealth and uHealth
    • Content and Quality of Infant Feeding Smartphone Apps: Five-Year Update on a Systematic Search and Evaluation [2020]
  • Medical Journal of Australia
    • Guidelines for the use of infant formulas to treat cows milk protein allergy: an Australian consensus panel opinion [2008]
  • National Health and Medical Research Council
    • Infant Feeding Guidelines: information for health workers [2012]
• Bangladesh
  • Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    • BRAC's experience in scaling-up MNP in Bangladesh [2014]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Policy content and stakeholder network analysis for infant and young child feeding in Bangladesh [2017]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Trends in Complementary Feeding Indicators and Intake from Specific Food Groups among Children Aged 6–23 Months in Bangladesh [2022]
• Brazil
  • Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira
    • Complementary feeding of infants in their first year of life: focus on the main pureed baby foods [2014]
• Cambodia
  • Nutrients
    • Breastfeeding Trends in Cambodia, and the Increased Use of Breast-Milk Substitute—Why Is It a Danger? [2014]
• Canada
  • Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
    • Evidence gaps and research needs in current guidance on feeding children from birth to 24 months [2021]
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Storage, Handling, and Administration of Expressed Human Breast Milk: A Review of Guidelines [2016]
  • Canadian Paediatric Society
    • Dietary exposures and allergy prevention in high-risk infants [2021]
    • Timing of introduction of allergenic solids for infants at high risk [2020]
    • Nutrition for healthy term infants, six to 24 months: An overview [2019]
    • Nutrition for healthy term infants, birth to six months: An overview [2013]
  • Health Canada
    • Infant Feeding
• China
  • Food & Nutrition Research
    • Food groups consumed by infants and toddlers in urban areas of China [2016]
• Developing countries
  • BMC Public Health
    • Impact of maternal education about complementary feeding and provision of complementary foods on child growth in developing countries [2011]
  • Frontiers in Pediatrics
    • Associations between Infant Feeding Practices and Length, Weight, and Disease in Developing Countries [2013]
• East Africa
  • International Breastfeeding Journal
    • Prelacteal feeding practice and its associated factors among mothers having children less than 2 years of age in East Africa: a multilevel analysis of the recent demographic and health surveys [2021]
• Eastern Mediterranean
  • Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal
    • Implementation of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes in the Eastern Mediterranean Region [2018]
• Ethiopia
  • Frontiers in Nutrition
    • Complementary Feeding: Review of Recommendations, Feeding Practices, and Adequacy of Homemade Complementary Food Preparations in Developing Countries – Lessons from Ethiopia [2016]
  • Maternal and Child Health Journal
    • Trends and factors associated with complementary feeding practices in Ethiopia from 2005 to 2016 [2020]
  • Ministry of Health Ethiopia
    • Joint statement on infant and young child feeding in emergencies - Ethiopia, July 2021 [2021]
    • Guideline for Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies for Ethiopia [2021]
• Europe
  • European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition
    • Complementary Feeding: A Position Paper by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee on Nutrition [2017]
  • Frontiers in Pediatrics
    • Promoting Breastfeeding and Interaction of Pediatric Associations With Providers of Nutritional Products [2020]
  • International Breastfeeding Journal
    • Are our babies off to a healthy start? The state of implementation of the Global strategy for infant and young child feeding in Europe [2020]
  • Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
    • National Recommendations for Infant and Young Child Feeding in the World Health Organization European Region [2020]
  • WHO Regional Office for Europe
    • Effective regulatory frameworks for ending inappropriate marketing of breast-milk substitutes and foods for infants and young children in the WHO European Region [2022]
    • Improving the nutritional quality of commercial foods for infants and young children in the WHO European Region [2019]
    • Commercial foods for infants and young children in the WHO European Region: a study of the availability, composition and marketing of baby foods in four European countries [2019]
    • Newborn, infant and young child nutrition
• Germany
  • Deutsches Ärzteblatt International
    • Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding [2016]
• Guatemala
  • Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    • Feeding patterns before 6 months of age: the relative validity of recall from interviews of mothers of Guatemalan infants and toddlers [2014]
• India
  • BMC Public Health
    • Prevalence and factors associated with complementary feeding practices among children aged 6–23 months in India: a regional analysis [2019]
    • Policy content and stakeholder network analysis for infant and young child feeding in India [2017]
  • Maternal & Child Nutrition
    • Scaling-up interventions to improve infant and young child feeding in India: What will it take? [2017]
  • Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
    • Guidelines for enhancing optimal Infant and Young Child Feeding practices [2013]
  • Nutrients
    • Understanding the Enablers and Barriers to Appropriate Infants and Young Child Feeding Practices in India: A Systematic Review [2021]
    • Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices among Adolescent Mothers and Associated Factors in India [2021]
• Indonesia
  • PLoS ONE
    • Prevalence of prelacteal feeding and associated risk factors in Indonesia: Evidence from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic Health Survey [2020]
• International
  • Advances in Nutrition
    • Perspective: Should Exclusive Breastfeeding Still Be Recommended for 6 Months? [2019]
  • BMJ Open
    • Sponsorship of national and regional professional paediatrics associations by companies that make breast-milk substitutes: evidence from a review of official websites [2019]
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Ultra-processed food for infants and toddlers; dynamics of supply and demand [2023]
  • Clinical and Translational Allergy
    • An update to the Milk Allergy in Primary Care guideline [2019]
  • Lancet Child & Adolescent Health
    • Rates and time trends in the consumption of breastmilk, formula, and animal milk by children younger than 2 years from 2000 to 2019: analysis of 113 countries [2021]
  • United Nations Children's Fund - UNICEF
    • Infant and young child feeding
  • World Allergy Organization Journal
    • A systematic review of infant feeding food allergy prevention guidelines – can we AGREE? [2021]
• Iran
  • Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal
    • Breastfeeding Practices During the First Month Postpartum and Associated Factors: Impact on Breastfeeding Survival [2015]
• Iraq
  • Global Pediatric Health
    • Comparison Among Commonly Available Infant Formula Milks in the Iraqi Market [2015]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • National Infant Feeding Policy for Maternity and Neonatal Services [2015]
  • Nutrients
    • Ethnic Variation in Breastfeeding and Complimentary Feeding in the Republic of Ireland [2014]
• Israel
  • Ministry of Health Israel
    • Breastfeeding and Feeding the Baby
• Italy
  • Italian Journal of Pediatrics
    • Recommendations on complementary feeding for healthy, full-term infants [2015]
  • Nutrients
    • Recommendations on Complementary Feeding as a Tool for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)—Paper Co-Drafted by the SIPPS, FIMP, SIDOHaD, and SINUPE Joint Working Group [2022]
• Latin America
  • Revista de Gastroenterología de México (English Edition)
    • E-1500: Survey on feeding practices in the first 1,500 days of life, recommended by healthcare professionals in Latin America [2022]
• Low and middle income countries
  • Current Developments in Nutrition
    • Exploring the Influence of Social Norms on Complementary Feeding: A Scoping Review of Observational, Intervention, and Effectiveness Studies [2021]
  • Gates Open Research
    • Interventions to improve linear growth during complementary feeding period for children aged 6-24 months living in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and network meta-analysis [2020]
  • Journal of Global Health
    • Prelacteal feeding and its relationship with exclusive breastfeeding and formula consumption among infants in low- and middle-income countries [2022]
  • Journal of Nutrition
    • Complementary Feeding Practices in 80 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Prevalence of and Socioeconomic Inequalities in Dietary Diversity, Meal Frequency, and Dietary Adequacy [2021]
  • Maternal & Child Nutrition
    • Engaging family members in maternal, infant and young child nutrition activities in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic scoping review [2021]
• Low-income countries
  • Nutrients
    • Qualitative Studies of Infant and Young Child Feeding in Lower-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Synthesis of Dietary Patterns [2017]
• Mexico
  • Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México (English Edition)
    • Guidelines for complementary feeding in healthy infants [2016]
  • Nutrients
    • Many Infants and Young Children Are Not Compliant with Mexican and International Complementary Feeding Recommendations for Milk and Other Beverages [2018]
  • World Health Organization
    • How the marketing of formula milk influences our decisions on infant feeding: report - Mexico [2022]
• Middle East
  • Nutrients
    • Prevention of Allergic Sensitization and Treatment of Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy in Early Life: The Middle-East Step-Down Consensus [2019]
• Myanmar
  • PLoS ONE
    • Feeding practices and nutritional status of children age 6-23 months in Myanmar: A secondary analysis of the 2015-16 Demographic and Health Survey [2019]
• Nepal
  • BMC Pediatrics
    • Determinants of complementary feeding practices among Nepalese children aged 6–23 months: findings from demographic and health survey 2011 [2013]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Policy content and stakeholder network analysis for infant and young child feeding in Nepal [2017]
• Netherlands
  • Nutrients
    • Food Consumption, Nutrient Intake and Status during the First 1000 days of Life in the Netherlands: a Systematic Review [2019]
• New Zealand
  • British Journal of Nutrition
    • Prevalence and maternal determinants of early and late introduction of complementary foods: results from the Growing Up in New Zealand cohort study [2023]
  • Ministry of Health New Zealand
    • Healthy Eating Guidelines for New Zealand Babies and Toddlers (0-2 years old) [2021]
    • Infant Feeding in an Emergency [2015]
  • Starship
    • Fluid requirements and age appropriate formula for infants, children and young people [2022]
    • Breastfeeding - expressing [2020]
    • Feeding - handling powdered formula and breast milk with additives [2019]
• Nigeria
  • BMJ Open
    • Trends in complementary feeding indicators in Nigeria, 2003–2013 [2015]
  • International Breastfeeding Journal
    • Have policy responses in Nigeria resulted in improvements in infant and young child feeding practices in Nigeria? [2017]
• PAHO
  • Pan American Health Organization
    • Beyond survival: Integrated delivery care practices for long-term maternal and infant nutrition, health and development. 2nd Edition [2013]
• Pakistan
  • BMC Public Health
    • Overview of the infant and young child feeding policy environment in Pakistan: Federal, Sindh and Punjab context [2017]
• Poland
  • Developmental Period Medicine
    • Nutrition of infants and young children in Poland - Pitnuts 2016 [2017]
  • WHO Regional Office for Europe
    • Commercial foods for infants and young children in Poland: a study of the availability, composition and marketing of baby foods in Warsaw, Poland [2021]
• Saudi Arabia
  • Global Pediatric Health
    • Comparison of the Nutritional Values of Infant Formulas Available in Saudi Arabia [2017]
• South Africa
  • World Health Organization
    • How the marketing of formula milk influences our decisions on infant feeding: report - South Africa [2022]
• South Asia
  • BMC Public Health
    • Opportunities for strengthening infant and young child feeding policies in South Asia: Insights from the SAIFRN policy analysis project [2017]
  • World Bank
    • Feeding of Infants and Young Children in South Asia [2018]
• South-East Asia
  • WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia
    • WHO Regional Office organizes an Expert Group Consultation on young child diets [2022]
    • Expert Group Consultation on supporting the infant and young child nutrition through improving feeding practices and the food environment, WHO South-East Asia Region: 20-21 October 2021 [2022]
    • Infant nutrition in SEARO
• Sri Lanka
  • BMC Public Health
    • Policy and stakeholder analysis of infant and young child feeding programmes in Sri Lanka [2017]
• Turkey
  • Journal of Asthma and Allergy
    • An Expert Panel Statement on the Beneficial Effects of Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) in Early Life and Potential Utility of HMO-Supplemented Infant Formula in Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy [2021]
  • Turkish Archives of Pediatrics
    • Turkish Neonatal Society guideline on nutrition of the healthy term newborn [2018]
  • Turkish Journal of Pediatrics
    • Consensus statement on diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of cow's milk protein allergy among infants and children in Turkey [2016]
  • WHO Regional Office for Europe
    • Commercial foods for infants and young children in Türkiye [2023]
• United Arab Emirates
  • BMC Public Health
    • Patterns and determinants of breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices of Emirati Mothers in the United Arab Emirates [2013]
• United Kingdom
  • Clinical and Translational Allergy
    • Diagnosis and management of non-IgE-mediated cow’s milk allergy in infancy - a UK primary care practical guide [2013]
  • Department of Health and Social Care
    • Infant and follow-on formula and food for special medical purposes
  • Public Health Scotland
    • Infant feeding statistics
    • Infant Feeding - Datasets
• United States
  • Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine
    • ABM Clinical Protocol #29: Iron, Zinc, and Vitamin D Supplementation During Breastfeeding [2018]
    • ABM Clinical Protocol #8: Human Milk Storage Information for Home Use for Full-Term Infants, Revised 2017 [2017]
    • ABM Clinical Protocol #3: Supplementary Feedings in the Healthy Term Breastfed Neonate, Revised 2017 [2017]
    • ABM Clinical Protocol #27: Breastfeeding an Infant or Young Child with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes [2017]
  • Advances in Nutrition
    • Nutrition Monitoring of Children Aged Birth to 24 Mo (B-24): Data Collection and Findings from the NHANES [2020]
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • The Effects of Early Nutritional Interventions on the Development of Atopic Disease in Infants and Children: The Role of Maternal Dietary Restriction, Breastfeeding, Hydrolyzed Formulas, and Timing of Introduction of Allergenic Complementary Foods [2019]
    • Advocacy for Improving Nutrition in the First 1000 Days To Support Childhood Development and Adult Health [2018]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Receipt of Breast Milk by Gestational Age — United States, 2017 [2019]
  • Nutrition Today
    • Feeding Guidelines for Infants and Young Toddlers - A Responsive Parenting Approach [2017]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Scope and impact of digital marketing strategies for promoting breastmilk substitutes [2022]
    • Nurturing care practice guide: strengthening nurturing care through health and nutrition services [2022]
    • Marketing of breast-milk substitutes: national implementation of the international code, status report 2022 [2022]
    • How the marketing of formula milk influences our decisions on infant feeding [2022]
    • Infant and young child feeding counselling: an integrated course: trainer’s guide, 2nd ed [2021]
    • Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices: definitions and measurement methods [2021]
    • International trade agreements and implementation of the international code of marketing of breast-milk substitutes: frequently asked questions [2020]
    • Improving early childhood development: WHO guideline [2020]
    • Nurturing care for early childhood development [2018]
    • The international code of marketing of breast-milk substitutes: frequently asked questions [2017]
    • Netcode toolkit: monitoring the marketing of breast-milk substitutes: protocol for ongoing monitoring systems [2017]
    • NetCode toolkit: monitoring the marketing of breast-milk substitutes: protocol for periodic assessments [2017]
    • Guidance on ending the inappropriate promotion of foods for infants and young children: implementation manual [2017]
    • WHO guideline: use of multiple micronutrient powders for point-of-use fortification of foods consumed by infants and young children aged 6–23 months and children aged 2–12 years [2016]
    • Maternal, infant and young child nutrition: guidance on ending the inappropriate promotion of foods for infants and young children: report by the Secretariat [2016]
    • Global nutrition targets 2025: breastfeeding policy brief [2014]
    • Designing appropriate complementary feeding recommendations: tools for programmatic action [2013]
    • Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices. Part III: Country profiles [2010]
    • Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices. Part II: Measurement [2010]
    • Infant and young child feeding: Model Chapter for textbooks for medical students and allied health professionals [2009]
    • Acceptable medical reasons for use of breast-milk substitutes [2009]
    • Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices. Part I: Definition [2008]
    • Global strategy for infant and young child feeding [2003]
    • Complementary feeding: report of the global consultation [2002]
    • Policies by country | Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA)
    • Infant nutrition
    • Infant and young child feeding: Fact sheet
    • Ending exploitative marketing of formula milk
    • Complementary feeding
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Neonatal feeding
    • Breastfeeding and complementary feeding: premature or low birth weight infants
    • Breastfeeding

Breastfeeding and complementary feeding: premature or low birth weight infants

• Canada
  • Nutrients
    • Guidelines for Feeding Very Low Birth Weight Infants [2015]
• Europe
  • European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition
    • Feeding the Late and Moderately Preterm Infant: A Position Paper of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition [2019]
  • Maternal & Child Nutrition
    • Room for improvement in breast milk feeding after very preterm birth in Europe: Results from the EPICE cohort [2018]
• France
  • Acta Paediatrica
    • Review concludes that specific recommendations are needed to harmonise the provision of fresh mother's milk to their preterm infants [2018]
• Germany
  • Nutrients
    • Update on Calcium and Phosphorus Requirements of Preterm Infants and Recommendations for Enteral Mineral Intake [2021]
• International
  • Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research
    • INTERPRACTICE-21st - Preterm infant feeding and growth monitoring: Implementation of the INTERGROWTH-21st protocol [2017]
  • Maternal & Child Nutrition
    • The effect of milk type and fortification on the growth of low-birthweight infants: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses [2021]
  • Nutrients
    • A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Milk Feeding and Short-Term Growth in Preterm and Very Low Birth Weight Infants [2021]
• Italy
  • Nutrients
    • Complementary Feeding: Recommendations for the Introduction of Allergenic Foods and Gluten in the Preterm Infant [2021]
    • Complementary Feeding in the Preterm Infants: Summary of Available Macronutrient Intakes and Requirements [2020]
    • Complementary Feeding in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review [2020]
    • Weaning Time in Preterm Infants: An Audit of Italian Primary Care Paediatricians [2018]
• Low and middle income countries
  • PLoS ONE
    • Maternal-focused interventions to improve infant growth and nutritional status in low-middle income countries: A systematic review of reviews [2021]
• New Zealand
  • Starship
    • Breastfeeding - preterm infants [2020]
• United Kingdom
  • Health Economics Review
    • Modelling the cost-effectiveness of human milk and breastfeeding in preterm infants in the United Kingdom [2016]
• United States
  • Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine
    • ABM Clinical Protocol #10: Breastfeeding the Late Preterm (34–36 6/7 Weeks of Gestation) and Early Term Infants (37–38 6/7 Weeks of Gestation), Second Revision 2016 [2016]
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Promoting Human Milk and Breastfeeding for the Very Low Birth Weight Infant [2021]
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
    • Working group reports: evaluation of the evidence to support practice guidelines for nutritional care of preterm infants—the Pre-B Project [2016]
    • Executive summary: evaluation of the evidence to support practice guidelines for nutritional care of preterm infants—the Pre-B Project [2016]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Disparities in Hospital-Reported Breast Milk Use in Neonatal Intensive Care Units — United States, 2015 [2017]
  • Pediatric Research
    • Racial and socioeconomic disparities in breast milk feedings in US neonatal intensive care units [2020]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Premature infants, low birth weight
    • Neonatal feeding
    • Breastfeeding and complementary feeding
    • Breastfeeding

Breastfeeding and health outcomes

• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • The impact of breastfeeding – translating recent evidence for practice [2010]
• Bangladesh
  • BMC Public Health
    • Effect of exclusive breastfeeding on selected adverse health and nutritional outcomes: a nationally representative study [2017]
• Europe
  • Obesity Facts
    • Association between Characteristics at Birth, Breastfeeding and Obesity in 22 Countries: The WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative – COSI 2015/2017 [2019]
• Gambia
  • Journal of Nutrition
    • Following the World Health Organization’s Recommendation of Exclusive Breastfeeding to 6 Months of Age Does Not Impact the Growth of Rural Gambian Infants [2016]
• Indonesia
  • International Breastfeeding Journal
    • The annual cost of not breastfeeding in Indonesia: the economic burden of treating diarrhea and respiratory disease among children (< 24mo) due to not breastfeeding according to recommendation [2018]
• International
  • Journal of the American Heart Association
    • Breastfeeding Is Associated With a Reduced Maternal Cardiovascular Risk: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Involving Data From 8 Studies and 1 192 700 Parous Women [2022]
• Japan
  • PLoS ONE
    • Effects of breastfeeding on postpartum weight change in Japanese women: The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) [2022]
• Low and middle income countries
  • Gates Open Research
    • Interventions to improve linear growth during exclusive breastfeeding life-stage for children aged 0-6 months living in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review with network and pairwise meta-analyses [2020]
• Nordic countries
  • Food & Nutrition Research
    • Breastfeeding, introduction of other foods and effects on health: a systematic literature review for the 5th Nordic Nutrition Recommendations [2013]
• Puerto Rico
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
    • Breastfeeding Duration and Asthma in Puerto Rican Children [2014]
• United Kingdom
  • Public Health England
    • Breastfeeding and dental health
• United States
  • Maternal & Child Nutrition
    • Suboptimal breastfeeding in the United States: Maternal and pediatric health outcomes and costs [2017]
  • Pediatrics
    • Adherence to Breastfeeding Guidelines and Maternal Weight 6 Years After Delivery [2014]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Short-term effects of breastfeeding: a systematic review on the benefits of breastfeeding on diarrhoea and pneumonia mortality [2013]
    • Long-term effects of breastfeeding: a systematic review [2013]
    • Evidence on the long-term effects of breastfeeding : systematic review and meta-analyses [2007]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Breastfeeding

Breastfeeding complications

• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Overcoming challenges faced by breastfeeding mothers [2016]
• Canada
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Frenectomy for the Correction of Ankyloglossia: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines [2016]
  • Canadian Paediatric Society
    • Ankyloglossia and breastfeeding [2015]
• New Zealand
  • Ministry of Health New Zealand
    • National Guidance for the Assessment, Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Tongue-Tie in Breastfeeding Neonates [2020]
  • Starship
    • Ankyloglossia (Tongue-Tie) [2020]
• United States
  • Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine
    • Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Position Statement on Ankyloglossia in Breastfeeding Dyads [2021]
    • ABM Clinical Protocol #32: Management of Hyperlactation [2020]
    • ABM Clinical Protocol #31: Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Studies in Lactating Women [2019]
    • ABM Clinical Protocol #30: Breast Masses, Breast Complaints, and Diagnostic Breast Imaging in the Lactating Woman [2019]
    • ABM Clinical Protocol #17: Guidelines for Breastfeeding Infants with Cleft Lip, Cleft Palate, or Cleft Lip and Palate—Revised 2019 [2019]
    • ABM Clinical Protocol #26: Persistent Pain with Breastfeeding [2016]
    • ABM Clinical Protocol #20: Engorgement, Revised 2016 [2016]
    • ABM Clinical Protocol #16: Breastfeeding the Hypotonic Infant, Revision 2016 [2016]
    • ABM Clinical Protocol #25: Recommendations for Preprocedural Fasting for the Breastfed Infant: “NPO” Guidelines [2012]
  • Advances in Nutrition
    • Breastfeeding Among Minority Women: Moving From Risk Factors to Interventions [2012]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Breastfeeding Challenges [2021]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Travel & Breastfeeding
    • Contraindications to Breastfeeding or Feeding Expressed Breast Milk to Infants
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Mastitis
    • Breastfeeding

Breastfeeding promotion

• Australia
  • Department of Health and Aged Care
    • Australian National Breastfeeding Strategy collection
• Brazil
  • International Breastfeeding Journal
    • External evaluation and self-monitoring of the Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative’s maternity hospitals in Brazil [2019]
  • Reproductive Health
    • The baby-friendly hospital initiative and breastfeeding at birth in Brazil: a cross sectional study [2016]
  • Revista Paulista de Pediatria
    • Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative: evaluation of the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding [2013]
• Canada
  • Canadian Paediatric Society
    • The Baby-Friendly Initiative: Protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding [2015]
  • CMAJ
    • Breastfeeding unfriendly in Canada? [2013]
• Developed countries
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Breastfeeding Programs and Policies, Breastfeeding Uptake, and Maternal Health Outcomes in Developed Countries [2018]
• Developing countries
  • BMC Public Health
    • Effect of breastfeeding promotion interventions on breastfeeding rates, with special focus on developing countries [2011]
  • World Health Organization
    • Community-based strategies for breastfeeding promotion and support in developing countries [2003]
• Eastern Mediterranean
  • WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean
    • Summary report on the training workshop on the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative for policy-makers in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Amman, Jordan 15–17 December 2015 [2016]
• Ethiopia
  • Reproductive Health
    • The effect of unemployment and post-natal care on the exclusive breast-feeding practice of women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
• India
  • Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
    • National Guidelines on Lactation Management Centers in Public Health Facilities [2017]
    • Programme for Promotion of Breastfeeding [2016]
• International
  • International Breastfeeding Journal
    • Improving breastfeeding support through the implementation of the Baby-Friendly Hospital and Community Initiatives: a scoping review [2023]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Impact and Effectiveness of Group Strategies for Supporting Breastfeeding after Birth: A Systematic Review [2021]
  • SBCC Implementation Kits
    • Supporting Breastfeeding Interventions for Faith-Based Organizations
• Japan
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Japanese trends in breastfeeding rate in baby-friendly hospitals between 2007 and 2010: a retrospective hospital-based surveillance study [2013]
• Latin America and the Caribbean
  • Pan American Health Organization
    • The Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative in Latin America and the Caribbean: Current status, challenges, and opportunities [2016]
• Low and middle income countries
  • BMJ Global Health
    • Does extending the duration of legislated paid maternity leave improve breastfeeding practices? Evidence from 38 low-income and middle-income countries [2018]
  • International Breastfeeding Journal
    • Maternity protection entitlements for non-standard workers in low-and-middle-income countries and potential implications for breastfeeding practices: a scoping review of research since 2000 [2023]
  • Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
    • Engaging men to promote and support exclusive breastfeeding: a descriptive review of 28 projects in 20 low- and middle-income countries from 2003 to 2013 [2017]
  • Nutrients
    • Effectiveness of Breastfeeding Support Packages in Low- and Middle-Income Countries for Infants under Six Months: A Systematic Review [2021]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Peer Support and Exclusive Breastfeeding Duration in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2012]
• Mexico
  • Current Developments in Nutrition
    • Scaling Up Breastfeeding Programs in Mexico: Lessons Learned from the Becoming Breastfeeding Friendly Initiative [2018]
• New Zealand
  • Ministry of Health New Zealand
    • Breastfeeding
• South Africa
  • International Journal for Equity in Health
    • Breastfeeding inequities in South Africa: Can enforcement of the WHO Code help address them? – A systematic scoping review [2021]
• South-East Asia
  • WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia
    • Regional Consultation to Protect, Promote and Support Breastfeeding with a Focus on Baby Friendly Hospital Practices [2017]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Global Health Research and Policy
    • Barriers and facilitators for early and exclusive breastfeeding in health facilities in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review [2021]
• Uganda
  • PLoS ONE
    • Cost-Effectiveness of Peer Counselling for the Promotion of Exclusive Breastfeeding in Uganda [2015]
• United Kingdom
  • Maternal & Child Nutrition
    • Becoming breastfeeding friendly in Wales: Recommendations for scaling up breastfeeding support [2023]
  • Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health
    • Breastfeeding in the UK - position statement [2022]
  • Scottish Government
    • Breastfeeding peer support core principles for volunteering in Scotland: guidance [2021]
• United States
  • Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine
    • ABM Clinical Protocol #14: Breastfeeding-Friendly Physician's Office—Optimizing Care for Infants and Children [2021]
    • ABM Clinical Protocol #7: Model Maternity Policy Supportive of Breastfeeding [2018]
    • ABM Position on Breastfeeding—Revised 2015 [2015]
    • ABM Clinical Protocol #19: Breastfeeding Promotion in the Prenatal Setting, Revision 2015 [2015]
    • Breastfeeding Support for Mothers in Workplace Employment or Educational Settings: Summary Statement [2013]
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Primary Care Interventions to Support Breastfeeding: Updated Systematic Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force [2016]
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk [2022]
    • The Breastfeeding-Friendly Pediatric Office Practice [2017]
    • Safe Sleep and Skin-to-Skin Care in the Neonatal Period for Healthy Term Newborns [2016]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Practice Advisory to Update the Duration of Breastfeeding [2023]
    • Barriers to Breastfeeding: Supporting Initiation and Continuation of Breastfeeding [2021]
    • Optimizing Support for Breastfeeding as Part of Obstetric Practice [2018]
  • Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition
    • Compliance with the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative and impact on breastfeeding rates [2013]
  • Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses
    • Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk [2021]
  • Birth
    • Baby-Friendly Hospital Practices and Birth Costs [2013]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Vital Signs: Improvements in Maternity Care Policies and Practices That Support Breastfeeding — United States, 2007–2013 [2015]
    • Prenatal Breastfeeding Counseling — Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 2010 [2014]
    • Progress in Increasing Breastfeeding and Reducing Racial/Ethnic Differences — United States, 2000–2008 Births [2013]
    • Vital Signs: Hospital Practices to Support Breastfeeding --- United States, 2007 and 2009 [2011]
  • International Breastfeeding Journal
    • A systematic literature review of breastfeeding interventions among Black populations using the RE-AIM framework [2022]
  • International Journal for Equity in Health
    • Impact of breastfeeding interventions among United States minority women on breastfeeding outcomes: a systematic review [2021]
  • Nursing Research
    • Nurse-Reported Staffing Guidelines and Exclusive Breast Milk Feeding [2022]
  • Pediatric Clinics of North America
    • Breastfeeding and the Affordable Care Act [2015]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Women's status, breastfeeding support, and breastfeeding practices in the United States [2022]
  • Preventing Chronic Disease: Public Health Research, Practice and Policy
    • Implementing Legislation to Improve Hospital Support of Breastfeeding, New York State, 2009–2013 [2015]
  • U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
    • Breastfeeding: Primary Care Interventions [2016]
• Western Pacific
  • WHO Western Pacific Region
    • Protecting, supporting and promoting breastfeeding
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Global breastfeeding scorecard 2022: protecting breadsfeeding through further investments and policy actions [2022]
    • Global breastfeeding scorecard 2021: protecting breastfeeding through bold national actions during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond [2021]
    • Advocacy brief: nutrition for growth year of action: nine SMART breastfeeding pledges [2021]
    • Protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding: the baby-friendly hospital initiative for small, sick and preterm newborns [2020]
    • Competency verification toolkit: Ensuring competency of direct care providers to implement the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative [2020]
    • Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative training course for maternity staff [2020]
    • Maternity leave legislation in support of breastfeeding: case studies around the world [2019]
    • Global breastfeeding scorecard 2019: increasing commitment to breastfeeding through funding and improved policies and programmes [2019]
    • Breastfeeding and family-friendly policies: advocacy brief [2019]
    • Implementation guidance: protecting, promoting, and supporting breastfeeding in facilities providing maternity and newborn services: the revised Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative 2018 [2018]
    • National implementation of the baby-friendly hospital initiative [2017]
    • Guideline: protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding in facilities providing maternity and newborn services [2017]
    • Breastfeeding Advocacy Initiative [2015]
    • Baby-friendly hospital initiative: revised, updated and expanded for integrated care [2009]
    • Promoting baby-friendly hospitals
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Breastfeeding

Breastfeeding statistics

• Austria
  • Nutrients
    • Breastfeeding Prevalence in Austria according to the WHO IYCF Indicators—The SUKIE-Study [2021]
• Bangladesh
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • The trend in exclusive breastfeeding practice and its association with maternal employment in Bangladesh: A multilevel analysis [2022]
  • International Breastfeeding Journal
    • Gender inequality in early initiation of breastfeeding in Bangladesh: a trend analysis [2020]
  • Nutrients
    • Breastfeeding Practices among Adolescent Mothers and Associated Factors in Bangladesh (2004–2014) [2021]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Prevalence and factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding among Bangladeshi mothers: A nationwide cross-sectional study [2019]
    • Prevalence and determinants of initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of birth: An analysis of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2014 [2019]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Trends in early initiation of breastfeeding in Bangladesh and a multilevel analysis approach to find its determinants [2021]
• Belgium
  • BioMed Research International
    • Breastfeeding Duration: A Survival Analysis—Data from a Regional Immunization Survey [2014]
• Brazil
  • Revista de Saúde Pública
    • Breastfeeding indicators trends in Brazil for three decades [2017]
• China
  • International Breastfeeding Journal
    • Breastfeeding in China: a review [2009]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Breastfeeding in China: A Review of Changes in the Past Decade [2020]
  • Maternal & Child Nutrition
    • What are the determinants of low exclusive breastfeeding prevalence in China? A cross-sectional study [2022]
• Ethiopia
  • BioMed Research International
    • Trends of Inequalities in Early Initiation of Breastfeeding in Ethiopia: Evidence from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys, 2000-2016 [2022]
  • International Breastfeeding Journal
    • Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice and its association with maternal employment in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]
    • Trends and factors associated to early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding and duration of breastfeeding in Ethiopia: evidence from the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016 [2020]
    • Trends and determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding in Ethiopia from 2000 to 2016 [2019]
  • Italian Journal of Pediatrics
    • Trends and determinants of breastfeeding within one hour in Ethiopia, further analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey: multivariate decomposition analysis [2021]
• France
  • International Breastfeeding Journal
    • Trends in breastfeeding practices and mothers’ experience in the French NutriNet-Santé cohort [2021]
  • Maternal & Child Nutrition
    • Trends and disparities in breastfeeding initiation in France between 2010 and 2016: Results from the French National Perinatal Surveys [2022]
• Ghana
  • BMJ Open
    • Time trends in the prevalence and determinants of age-appropriate breast feeding among children aged 0-23 months in Ghana: a pooled analysis of population-based surveys, 2003-2017 [2022]
  • International Breastfeeding Journal
    • Prevalence and predictors of timely initiation of breastfeeding in Ghana: an analysis of 2017–2018 multiple indicator cluster survey [2021]
• High-income countries
  • Maternal & Child Nutrition
    • Monitoring breastfeeding indicators in high-income countries: Levels, trends and challenges [2021]
• India
  • BMC Public Health
    • National and rural-urban prevalence and determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding in India [2019]
  • International Breastfeeding Journal
    • Regional prevalence and determinants of exclusive breastfeeding in India [2019]
    • Changes in exclusive breastfeeding practices and its determinants in India, 1992–2006: analysis of national survey data [2015]
• Indonesia
  • BMC Public Health
    • Progress towards reducing sociodemographic disparities in breastfeeding outcomes in Indonesia: a trend analysis from 2002 to 2017 [2020]
  • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
    • Birth Patterns and Delayed Breastfeeding Initiation in Indonesia [2020]
• International
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Breastfeeding after Returning to Work: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2021]
• Iran
  • BMC Pediatrics
    • Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice in the first six months of life and its determinants in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]
• Ireland
  • Health Information and Quality Authority
    • Women's experiences of initiating feeding shortly after birth in Ireland: A secondary analysis of quantitative and qualitative data from the National Maternity Experience Survey [2022]
• Japan
  • Scientific Reports
    • Factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding rates until 6 months postpartum: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study [2021]
• Laos
  • Public Health Nutrition
    • How do the determinants of exclusive breast-feeding change over time? A multi-survey quasi-longitudinal study in Lao People's Democratic Republic [2022]
• Low and middle income countries
  • Global Health: Science and Practice
    • Initiation of Breastfeeding in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Time-to-Event Analysis [2021]
  • International Journal for Equity in Health
    • Maternal education and equity in breastfeeding: trends and patterns in 81 low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2019 [2021]
• Namibia
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Trends and factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding in Namibia: analysis of the Demographic and Health Surveys 2000–2013 [2018]
• Nepal
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Implications of methodological differences in measuring the rates of exclusive breastfeeding in Nepal: findings from literature review and cohort study [2016]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Exclusive breastfeeding practices in relation to social and health determinants: a comparison of the 2006 and 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys [2013]
• Nigeria
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding in Nigeria: a population-based study using the 2013 demograhic and health survey data [2016]
  • BMJ Global Health
    • Time trends and determinants of breastfeeding practices among adolescents and young women in Nigeria, 2003–2018 [2020]
  • International Breastfeeding Journal
    • Rural-urban differences on the rates and factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding in Nigeria: further analysis of the Nigeria demographic and health survey, 2013 [2017]
• OECD countries
  • International Breastfeeding Journal
    • Historical-qualitative analysis of breastfeeding trends in three OECD countries [2019]
• Papua New Guinea
  • Archives of Public Health
    • Determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding in Papua New Guinea: a population-based study using the 2016-2018 demographic and health survey data [2020]
• Republic of Korea
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Trends and Determinants in Breastfeeding among Korean Women: A Nationwide Population-Based Study [2021]
  • Journal of Korean Medical Science
    • Trends of Breastfeeding Rate in Korea (1994-2012): Comparison with OECD and Other Countries [2013]
• Saudi Arabia
  • International Breastfeeding Journal
    • Breastfeeding in Saudi Arabia: a review [2014]
• South Asia
  • Maternal & Child Nutrition
    • Trends and predictors of optimal breastfeeding among children 0–23 months, South Asia: Analysis of national survey data [2018]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • BMJ Open
    • Prevalence of key breastfeeding indicators in 29 sub-Saharan African countries: a meta-analysis of demographic and health surveys (2010–2015) [2017]
  • Journal of Global Health
    • Is childbirth location associated with higher rates of favourable early breastfeeding practices in Sub-Saharan Africa? [2019]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Timely initiation of breastfeeding and associated factors among mothers having children less than two years of age in sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel analysis using recent Demographic and Health Surveys data [2021]
• Sweden
  • BMJ Open
    • Changes in the prevalence of breast feeding in preterm infants discharged from neonatal units: a register study over 10 years [2016]
• United Kingdom
  • Office for Health Improvement and Disparities
    • Breastfeeding statistics
  • PLoS ONE
    • Twenty-five-year trends in breastfeeding initiation: The effects of sociodemographic changes in Great Britain, 1985-2010 [2019]
• United States
  • BMC Public Health
    • Race/ethnicity-specific associations between breastfeeding information source and breastfeeding rates among U.S. women [2023]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Breastfeeding Initiation - United States, 2019 [2021]
    • Racial Disparities in Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration Among U.S. Infants Born in 2015 [2019]
    • Racial and Geographic Differences in Breastfeeding — United States, 2011–2015 [2017]
    • Data & Statistics | Breastfeeding
  • JAMA Pediatrics
    • Breastfeeding Trends by Race/Ethnicity Among US Children Born From 2009 to 2015 [2019]
  • Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior
    • Breastfeeding Initiation Trends by Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children Participation and Race/Ethnicity Among Medicaid Births [2023]
    • Trends in Breastfeeding Disparities in U.S. Infants by WIC Eligibility and Participation [2019]
• Vietnam
  • Global Health Action
    • Trends and determinants for early initiation of and exclusive breastfeeding under six months in Vietnam: results from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, 2000–2011 [2016]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Proportion of newborns put to the breast within one hour of birth
    • Exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months
    • Early initiation of breastfeeding (%) (Health Inequality Monitor)
    • Early initiation of breastfeeding (%)
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Breastfeeding

Donor human milk, human milk banking

• Australia
  • International Breastfeeding Journal
    • Breast milk donation after neonatal death in Australia: a report [2014]
• Austria, Germany, Switzerland
  • BMC Pediatrics
    • Donor human milk programs in German, Austrian and Swiss neonatal units - findings from an international survey [2020]
• Canada
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • Donated breast milk stored in banks versus breast milk purchased online [2015]
  • Canadian Paediatric Society
    • Pasteurized and unpasteurized donor human milk [2020]
  • International Breastfeeding Journal
    • Human donor milk for the vulnerable infant: a Canadian perspective [2014]
  • Perinatal Services BC
    • Informal (Peer-to-Peer) Milk Sharing: The Use of Unpasteurized Donor Human Milk [2016]
• Canada, United States
  • Maternal & Child Nutrition
    • The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on North American milk banks [2021]
• China
  • World Journal of Pediatrics
    • The data and characteristics of the human milk banks in mainland China [2019]
• Developing countries
  • Health Promotion Perspectives
    • Human milk banking can be an innovative approach for developing countries [2018]
• Europe
  • European Milk Bank Association
    • “Donor milk banking: Improving the future”. A survey on the operation of the European donor human milk banks [2021]
    • Recommendations for the Establishment and Operation of Human Milk Banks in Europe: A Consensus Statement From the European Milk Bank Association (EMBA) [2019]
    • Processing of Donor Human Milk: Update and Recommendations From the European Milk Bank Association (EMBA) [2019]
    • Fortification of Human Milk for Preterm Infants: Update and Recommendations of the European Milk Bank Association (EMBA) Working Group on Human Milk Fortification [2019]
• India
  • Indian Pediatrics
    • A Landscape Analysis of Human Milk Banks in India [2019]
  • International Breastfeeding Journal
    • Role of human milk banks amid COVID 19: perspective from a milk bank in India [2020]
• International
  • Advances in Nutrition
    • The Nutritional Composition and Energy Content of Donor Human Milk: A Systematic Review [2020]
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Developing global guidance on human milk banking [2021]
  • Maternal & Child Nutrition
    • Maintaining human milk bank services throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: A global response [2021]
  • Public Health Nutrition
    • What is known about human milk bank donors around the world: a systematic scoping review [2022]
• New Zealand
  • Starship
    • Breastfeeding - Breast Milk Sharing in Newborn Services [2019]
• Republic of Korea
  • Journal of Korean Medical Science
    • The Experience of Human Milk Banking for 8 Years: Korean Perspective [2016]
• South-East Asia
  • International Breastfeeding Journal
    • Human milk banks in the response to COVID-19: a statement of the regional human milk bank network for Southeast Asia and beyond [2021]
• United Kingdom
  • British Association of Perinatal Medicine
    • Framework for Practice: Lactation and loss [2022]
    • The Use of Donor Human Expressed Breast Milk in Newborn Infants - A Framework for Practice (2016) [2016]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Donor milk banks: the operation of donor milk bank services [2010]
• United States
  • Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine
    • Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine's 2017 Position Statement on Informal Breast Milk Sharing for the Term Healthy Infant [2018]
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Donor Human Milk for the High-Risk Infant: Preparation, Safety, and Usage Options in the United States [2016]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Donor Human Milk Use in Advanced Neonatal Care Units — United States, 2020 [2022]
  • Current Opinion in Pediatrics
    • Donor Human Milk for VLBWs: Patterns of Usage, Outcomes, and Unanswered Questions [2015]
  • Hospital Pediatrics
    • Supplementation Practices and Donor Milk Use in U.S. Well Newborn Nurseries [2020]
  • Journal of Perinatology
    • Establishing an integrated human milk banking approach to strengthen newborn care [2017]
• Vietnam
  • Journal of Human Lactation
    • Strengthening Newborn Nutrition Through Establishment of the First Human Milk Bank in Vietnam [2021]
  • Nutrients
    • Trends and Dynamics in the First Four Years of Operation of the First Human Milk Bank in Vietnam [2021]
    • Factors Associated with the Use of Pasteurized Donor Milk for Healthy Newborns: Experience from the First Human Milk Bank in Vietnam [2021]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Policy brief: Ensuring equitable access to human milk for all infants [2017]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Breastfeeding

HIV/AIDS and breastfeeding/infant feeding

• Africa
  • AIDS
    • Individualizing the WHO HIV and Infant Feeding Guidelines: Optimal breastfeeding duration to maximize infant HIV-free survival [2014]
• Brazil
  • AIDS Care
    • ‘I did not feel like a mother’: The success and remaining challenges to exclusive formula feeding among HIV-positive women in Brazil [2013]
• Canada
  • Medicine
    • Cost-effectiveness analysis of infant feeding modalities for virally suppressed mothers in Canada living with HIV [2019]
• Côte d'Ivoire
  • Journal of the International AIDS Society
    • Breastfeeding: the hidden barrier in Côte d'Ivoire's quest to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV [2014]
• Ethiopia
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • A systematic review and meta-analysis on adoption of WHO-recommended infant feeding practices among HIV positive mothers in Ethiopia [2021]
• International
  • AIDS
    • Challenges in infant and young child nutrition in the context of HIV [2013]
  • Clinics in Perinatology
    • Survival and Health Benefits of Breastfeeding Versus Artificial Feeding in Infants of HIV-Infected Women: Developing Versus Developed World [2010]
• Kenya
  • BMC Pediatrics
    • Exclusive breastfeeding among women taking HAART for PMTCT of HIV-1 in the Kisumu Breastfeeding Study [2014]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Outcomes in a Cohort of Women Who Discontinued Maternal Triple-Antiretroviral Regimens Initially Used to Prevent Mother-to-Child Transmission during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding—Kenya, 2003–2009 [2014]
• Nigeria
  • Pan African Medical Journal
    • Exclusive breastfeeding and HIV/AIDS: a crossectional survey of mothers attending prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV clinics in southwestern Nigeria [2015]
• Papua New Guinea
  • International Breastfeeding Journal
    • Infant feeding in the context of HIV: a qualitative study of health care workers’ knowledge of recommended infant feeding options in Papua New Guinea [2013]
• Rwanda
  • PLoS ONE
    • Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission of HIV: Cost-Effectiveness of Antiretroviral Regimens and Feeding Options in Rwanda [2013]
• South Africa
  • PLoS ONE
    • The Cost-Effectiveness of Different Feeding Patterns Combined with Prompt Treatments for Preventing Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission in South Africa: Estimates from Simulation Modeling [2014]
• Southern Africa
  • Journal of the International AIDS Society
    • Promoting safe infant feeding practices – the importance of structural, social and contextual factors in Southern Africa [2013]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • BMC Public Health
    • A realist review of infant feeding counselling to increase exclusive breastfeeding by HIV-positive women in sub Saharan-Africa: what works for whom and in what contexts [2019]
  • Journal of the International AIDS Society
    • Optimal breastfeeding durations for HIV-exposed infants: the impact of maternal ART use, infant mortality and replacement feeding risk [2018]
  • PLoS ONE
    • The impact of approaches in improving male partner involvement in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV on the uptake of safe infant feeding practices by HIV positive women in sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic review and meta-analysis [2018]
• Switzerland
  • European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
    • Successful implementation of new Swiss recommendations on breastfeeding of infants born to women living with HIV [2023]
  • Swiss Medical Weekly
    • Is breastfeeding an equipoise option in effectively treated HIV-infected mothers in a high-income setting? [2018]
• Tanzania
  • International Breastfeeding Journal
    • Challenges of disseminating clinical practice guidelines in a weak health system: the case of HIV and infant feeding recommendations in Tanzania [2014]
• United Kingdom
  • Department of Health and Social Care
    • Prevention of HIV transmission through breastfeeding: position statement
• United States
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Infant Feeding and Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States [2016]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) | Breastfeeding
  • Clinical Infectious Diseases
    • Breastfeeding and HIV-Infected Women in the United States: Harm Reduction Counseling Strategies [2014]
  • Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics
    • Breastfeeding with HIV [2019]
  • Journal of the International AIDS Society
    • “In the United States, we say, ‘No breastfeeding,’ but that is no longer realistic”: provider perspectives towards infant feeding among women living with HIV in the United States [2019]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Advocacy brief: breastfeeding and HIV: global breastfeeding collective [2019]
    • Guideline: updates on HIV and infant feeding [2016]
    • Kesho Bora Study: preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV during breastfeeding: policy brief [2011]
    • Guidelines on HIV and infant feeding 2010. Principles and recommendations for infant feeding in the context of HIV and a summary of evidence [2010]
    • HIV and infant feeding. Revised Principles and Recommendations. Rapid Advice. November 2009 [2009]
    • HIV transmission through breastfeeding. A review of available evidence. 2007 Update [2008]
    • HIV and infant feeding counselling tools : orientation guide for trainers [2008]
    • HIV and infant feeding : update based on the technical consultation held on behalf of the Inter-agency Task Team (IATT) on Prevention of HIV infections in pregnant women, Mothers and their Infants [2007]
    • HIV and infant feeding : new evidence and programmatic experience : report of a technical consultation held on behalf of the Inter-agency Task Team (IATT) on Prevention of HIV infections in pregnant women, Mother and their Infants [2007]
    • What are the Options? Using formative research to adapt global recommendations on HIV and infant feeding to the local context [2004]
    • HIV and Infant Feeding. Guidelines for decision-makers [2003]
    • HIV and Infant Feeding. A guide for health-care managers and supervisors [2003]
    • Breastfeeding and replacement feeding practices in the context of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV - An assessment tool for research [2001]
• Zambia
  • BMC Public Health
    • Challenges and opportunities of optimal breastfeeding in the context of HIV option B+ guidelines [2017]
  • Journal of the International AIDS Society
    • Efficacy of WHO recommendation for continued breastfeeding and maternal cART for prevention of perinatal and postnatal HIV transmission in Zambia [2015]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • HIV/AIDS in pregnancy and newborn
    • HIV/AIDS
    • Breastfeeding

Medications and breastfeeding

• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Breastfeeding - Evidence based guidelines for the use of medicines [2011]
  • Australian Prescriber
    • Drugs in breastfeeding [2015]
• Canada
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • Sedating drugs and breastfeeding [2015]
    • Health Canada advisory on domperidone [2012]
• International
  • International Breastfeeding Journal
    • Breastfeeding, pregnancy, medicines, neurodevelopment, and population databases: the information desert [2022]
  • International Journal of Infectious Diseases
    • Guides concerning tenofovir exposure via breastfeeding: A comparison of drug dosages by developmental stage [2019]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Where are the data linking infant outcomes, breastfeeding and medicine exposure? A systematic scoping review [2023]
• United Kingdom
  • Association of Anaesthetists
    • Anaesthesia and sedation in breastfeeding women 2020 [2020]
  • Specialist Pharmacy Service
    • Safety in breastfeeding
• United States
  • Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine
    • ABM Clinical Protocol #9: Use of Galactogogues in Initiating or Augmenting Maternal Milk Production, Second Revision 2018 [2018]
    • ABM Clinical Protocol #15: Analgesia and Anesthesia for the Breastfeeding Mother, Revised 2017 [2017]
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • The Transfer of Drugs and Therapeutics Into Human Breast Milk: An Update on Selected Topics [2013]
  • Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses
    • Breastfeeding Recommendations for Women Who Receive Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid Use Disorders: AWHONN Practice Brief Number 4 [2016]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Vaccinations, Medications, & Drugs | Breastfeeding
  • Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics
    • Breastfeeding and the Pharmacist's Role in Maternal Medication Management: Identifying Barriers and the Need for Continuing Education [2022]
  • LactMed
    • Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)
  • Seminars in Perinatology
    • Pharmacotherapy for depression and bipolar disorder during lactation: A framework to aid decision making [2020]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Breastfeeding and maternal medication [2002]
• {Related topics}
  • Guidelines
    • Medications in pregnancy
    • Breastfeeding