Infertility, miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy

Guidelines, reviews, epidemiology

Artificial insemination

• Belgium
  • Facts, Views & Vision in ObGyn
    • Artificial insemination with donor sperm (AID): heterogeneity in sperm banking facilities in a single country (Belgium) [2014]
• Europe
  • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
    • Laboratory testing of non-partner sperm donors [2018]
• International
  • Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
    • Optimizing intrauterine insemination: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of clinical treatment add-ons [2024]
  • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
    • Luteal phase support for women trying to conceive by intrauterine insemination or sexual intercourse [2022]
    • Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility [2021]
    • Intra-uterine insemination for unexplained subfertility [2020]
    • Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination [2019]
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • The efficacy and safety of luteal phase support with progesterone following ovarian stimulation and intrauterine insemination: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
  • Human Reproduction Update
    • Ovarian stimulation strategies for intrauterine insemination in couples with unexplained infertility: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis [2022]
  • Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics
    • Ovulation induction and intrauterine insemination in women of advanced reproductive age: a systematic review of the literature [2022]
• Netherlands
  • Andrology
    • Optimization of laboratory procedures for intrauterine insemination: survey of methods in relation to clinical outcome [2018]
• United Kingdom
  • BMJ Open
    • Intrauterine insemination: a UK survey on the adherence to NICE clinical guidelines by fertility clinics [2015]
• United States
  • Fertility and Sterility
    • Estimates of Donated Sperm Use in the United States: National Survey of Family Growth 1995–2017 [2019]
  • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
    • Endometrial thickness after ovarian stimulation with gonadotropin, clomiphene, or letrozole for unexplained infertility, and association with treatment outcomes [2021]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Assisted reproductive technology

Assisted reproductive technology

• Argentina
  • Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics
    • COVID-19 risk assessment and safety management operational guidelines for IVF center reopening [2020]
• Asia-Pacific
  • Asia and Oceania Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
    • Updated status of assisted reproductive technology activities in the Asia-Oceania region [2018]
  • Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction
    • ASPIRE Guidelines for Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Laboratory Practice in Low and Medium Resource Settings [2023]
• Asia-Pacific, Europe
  • Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Evaluation of costs associated with fertility treatment leading to a live birth after one fresh transfer: A global perspective [2023]
• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Assisted reproductive technology - What’s new and what’s important? [2012]
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • Barriers to reproductive treatments in Australia [2023]
    • An update on fertility assistance and assisted reproductive technologies [2023]
• Brazil
  • JBRA Assisted Reproduction
    • Factors related to infertility in Brazil and their relationship with success rates after assisted reproduction treatment: an integrative review [2021]
    • COVID-19: A review and considerations for the resumption of activities in an IVF laboratory and clinic in Brazil [2021]
• Canada
  • Canadian Fertility & Andrology Society
    • Choosing Wisely Canada: Canadian fertility and andrology society's list of top items physicians and patients should question in fertility medicine [2022]
    • Managing and preventing blood-borne viral infection transmission in assisted reproduction: a Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society clinical practice guideline [2020]
  • Government of Alberta
    • Assisted reproductive technologies : addendum to the STEP report
  • Human Reproduction Open
    • CARTR Plus: the creation of an ART registry in Canada [2020]
  • Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada
    • A Brief Overview of the History of In Vitro Fertilization in Canada [2019]
  • Journal of Ovarian Research
    • A comprehensive review of the impact of COVID-19 on human reproductive biology, assisted reproduction care and pregnancy: a Canadian perspective [2020]
  • Perinatal Services BC
    • Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)
  • Reproductive Health
    • Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs): Evaluation of evidence to support public policy development [2014]
• China
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • Feasibility analysis of incorporating infertility into medical insurance in China [2022]
    • Assisted Reproductive Technology in China: Results Generated From Data Reporting System by CSRM From 2013 to 2016 [2020]
  • Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics
    • The Partnership and Coping Enhancement Programme for couples undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment: the development of a complex intervention in China [2017]
  • Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine
    • A Chinese practice guideline of the assisted reproductive technology strategies for women with advanced age - Jiang - 2019 - Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine - Wiley Online Library [2019]
• Developed countries
  • Human Reproduction Open
    • On estimating the prevalence of use of medically assisted reproduction in developed countries: a critical review of recent literature [2021]
• Europe
  • European Society of Human Genetics
    • The need for interaction between assisted reproduction technology and genetics: recommendations of the European Societies of Human Genetics and Human Reproduction and Embryology [2006]
  • European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
    • ESHRE guideline: number of embryos to transfer during IVF/ICSI [2024]
    • ART in Europe, 2019: results generated from European registries by ESHRE [2023]
    • ART in Europe, 2018: results generated from European registries by ESHRE [2022]
    • The calm after the storm: re-starting ART treatments safely in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic [2021]
    • The Maribor consensus: report of an expert meeting on the development of performance indicators for clinical practice in ART [2021]
    • ESHRE guideline: medically assisted reproduction in patients with a viral infection/disease [2021]
    • ART in Europe, 2017: results generated from European registries by ESHRE [2021]
    • Good practice recommendations for the use of time-lapse technology [2020]
    • Coding in medically assisted reproduction: the status of the implementation of the Single European Code for reproductive cells and tissues [2020]
    • ART in Europe, 2016: results generated from European registries by ESHRE [2020]
    • ART in Europe, 2015: results generated from European registries by ESHRE [2020]
    • A picture of medically assisted reproduction activities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe [2020]
    • Recommendations for good practice in ultrasound: oocyte pick up [2019]
    • Recent developments in genetics and medically assisted reproduction: from research to clinical applications [2018]
    • ART in Europe, 2014: results generated from European registries by ESHRE [2018]
    • Trends over 15 years in ART in Europe: an analysis of 6 million cycles [2017]
    • The Vienna consensus: report of an expert meeting on the development of art laboratory performance indicators [2017]
    • Assisted reproductive technology in Europe, 2013: results generated from European registers by ESHRE [2017]
    • Revised guidelines for good practice in IVF laboratories (2015) [2015]
    • COVID-19 and ART
  • European Thyroid Association
    • 2021 European Thyroid Association Guideline on Thyroid Disorders prior to and during Assisted Reproduction [2021]
  • Human Reproduction
    • Cryopreservation in reproductive medicine during the COVID-19 pandemic: rethinking policies and European safety regulations [2020]
    • Proposed guidelines on the nomenclature and annotation of dynamic human embryo monitoring by a time-lapse user group [2014]
  • Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics
    • Policy of IVF centres towards oocytes affected by Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum aggregates: a multicentre survey study [2015]
• Europe, United States
  • Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics
    • SARS-CoV-2 testing in infertile patients: different recommendations in Europe and America [2020]
• Gambia
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Introducing assisted reproductive technologies in The Gambia, a survey on the perspectives of Gambian healthcare professionals and medical students [2023]
• India
  • Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences
    • Joint IFS-ISAR-ACE Recommendations on Resuming/Opening up Assisted Reproductive Technology Services [2020]
    • Assisted reproductive technology in India: A 3 year retrospective data analysis [2013]
• International
  • Asian Journal of Andrology
    • Round spermatid injection into human oocytes: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]
  • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
    • Follicular flushing during oocyte retrieval in assisted reproductive techniques [2022]
    • Cleavage-stage versus blastocyst-stage embryo transfer in assisted reproductive technology [2022]
    • Fresh versus frozen embryo transfers in assisted reproduction [2021]
    • Endometrial injury in women undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF) [2021]
    • Assisted hatching on assisted conception (in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)) [2021]
    • Surgical treatment for tubal disease in women due to undergo in vitro fertilisation [2020]
    • Hyaluronic acid in embryo transfer media for assisted reproductive technologies [2020]
  • Fertility and Sterility
    • International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology world report: assisted reproductive technology, 2015 and 2016 [2024]
    • Infection precautions for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in assisted reproduction centers: dodging an invisible bullet [2021]
  • Hong Kong Medical Journal
    • Potential effects of COVID-19 on reproductive systems and fertility; assisted reproductive technology guidelines and considerations: a review [2021]
  • Human Reproduction
    • International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies world report: assisted reproductive technology, 2014 [2021]
  • Human Reproduction Open
    • Assisted reproduction and COVID-19: a joint statement of ASRM, ESHRE and IFFS [2020]
    • Standard terminology for reproductive tissue and cell products for use in ART [2019]
  • Human Reproduction Update
    • Interventions to optimize embryo transfer in women undergoing assisted conception: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analyses [2022]
    • Oocyte, embryo and blastocyst cryopreservation in ART: systematic review and meta-analysis comparing slow-freezing versus vitrification to produce evidence for the development of global guidance [2016]
  • Medicina
    • The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on Sperm Cryostorage, Theoretical or Real Risk? [2021]
  • Medicine
    • Effect of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on the outcomes of assisted reproductive technology: A review [2024]
  • Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
    • Patients with low prognosis in ART: a Delphi consensus to identify potential clinical implications and measure the impact of POSEIDON criteria [2024]
    • The role of endometrial scratching prior to in vitro fertilization: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
    • COVID-19 and assisted reproductive technology services: repercussions for patients and proposal for individualized clinical management [2020]
    • Systematic review of worldwide trends in assisted reproductive technology 2004–2013 [2017]
  • Reproductive BioMedicine Online
    • ‘There is only one thing that is truly important in an IVF laboratory: everything’ Cairo Consensus Guidelines on IVF Culture Conditions [2020]
    • Managing the IVF laboratory during a pandemic: international perspectives from laboratory managers [2020]
• Iran
  • International Journal of Fertility & Sterility
    • Assisted Reproductive Technology in Iran: The First National Report on Centers, 2011 [2016]
• Israel
  • Israel Journal of Health Policy Research
    • In Vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments in Maccabi Healthcare Services 2007-2014 [2016]
    • Ethics and regulation of inter-country medically assisted reproduction: a call for action [2016]
• Italy
  • European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences
    • Assisted reproduction and Coronavirus in Italy [2020]
  • Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics
    • Clinical and laboratory key performance indicators in IVF: A consensus between the Italian Society of Fertility and Sterility and Reproductive Medicine (SIFES-MR) and the Italian Society of Embryology, Reproduction and Research (SIERR) [2023]
    • ART results with frozen oocytes: data from the Italian ART registry (2005–2013) [2015]
  • Reproductive BioMedicine Online
    • COVID-19 and ART: the view of the Italian Society of Fertility and Sterility and Reproductive Medicine [2020]
• Japan
  • Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research
    • Impact of insurance coverage on access to assisted reproductive technology: A nationwide survey in Japan (the IZANAMI project) [2025]
  • Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences
    • In vitro fertilization in Japan — Early days of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer and future prospects for assisted reproductive technology — [2014]
• Kazakhstan
  • BMJ Open
    • Impact of governmental support to the IVF clinical pregnancy rates: differences between public and private clinical settings in Kazakhstan-a prospective cohort study [2022]
  • Journal of Reproduction & Infertility
    • Assisted Reproductive Technologies in the Republic of Kazakhstan: A 6-Year Trend Analysis from Efficacy to Availability [2022]
• Kenya
  • Facts, Views & Vision in ObGyn
    • Affordable ART in Kenya: The only hope for involuntary childlessness [2016]
• Latin America
  • JBRA Assisted Reproduction
    • Assisted reproductive techniques in Latin America: The Latin American registry, 2016 [2019]
• Low and middle income countries
  • Human Reproduction Open
    • Financial costs of assisted reproductive technology for patients in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review [2023]
• Republic of Korea
  • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
    • Effects and safety of COVID-19 vaccination on assisted reproductive technology and pregnancy: A comprehensive review and joint statements of the KSRM, the KSRI, and the KOSAR [2022]
    • Current status of assisted reproductive technology in Korea, 2011 [2016]
  • Obstetrics & Gynecology Science
    • Current status of assisted reproductive technology in Korea, 2009 [2013]
• South Africa
  • Facts, Views & Vision in ObGyn
    • ART in South Africa: The price to pay [2013]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Human Reproduction Open
    • Availability, effectiveness and safety of ART in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review [2018]
• Switzerland
  • Swiss Medical Weekly
    • Assisted reproductive medicine in Switzerland [2012]
• United Kingdom
  • Association of Reproductive and Clinical Scientists
    • Good practice in clinical embryology laboratories: Association of Reproductive and Clinical Scientists Guidelines 2024 [2024]
  • BMJ Open
    • Direct-to-consumer advertising of success rates for medically assisted reproduction: a review of national clinic websites [2017]
  • British Fertility Society
    • Elective Single Embryo Transfer: an update to UK Best Practice Guidelines [2015]
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • Endometrial scratch to increase live birth rates in women undergoing first-time in vitro fertilisation: RCT and systematic review [2022]
  • Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority
    • Human Fertilisation & Embryology Authority
  • JAMA
    • Live-birth rate associated with repeat in vitro fertilisation treatment cycles [2015]
  • NHS England
    • Assisted Conception [2014]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Local Endometrial Trauma (Endometrial Scratch): A Treatment Strategy to Improve Implantation Rates [2016]
• United States
  • American Society for Reproductive Medicine
    • Recommendations for reducing the risk of viral transmission during fertility treatment with the use of autologous gametes: a committee opinion [2023]
    • The role of assisted hatching in in vitro fertilization: a guideline [2022]
    • Comprehensive guidance for human embryology, andrology, and endocrinology laboratories: management and operations: a committee opinion [2022]
    • Minimum standards for practices offering assisted reproductive technologies: a committee opinion [2021]
    • In vitro maturation: a committee opinion [2021]
    • Guidance on the limits to the number of embryos to transfer: a committee opinion [2021]
    • Development of an emergency plan for in vitro fertilization programs: a committee opinion [2021]
    • A review of best practices of rapid-cooling vitrification for oocytes and embryos: a committee opinion [2021]
    • Cryostorage of reproductive tissues in the in vitro fertilization laboratory: a committee opinion [2020]
    • Position statement on West Nile virus: a committee opinion [2018]
    • Blastocyst culture and transfer in clinically assisted reproduction: a committee opinion [2018]
    • Performing the embryo transfer: a guideline [2017]
    • Embryo transfer techniques: an American Society for Reproductive Medicine survey of current Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology practices [2017]
    • ASRM standard embryo transfer protocol template: a committee opinion [2017]
    • Correct coding for laboratory procedures during assisted reproductive technology cycles [2016]
    • In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
    • Cryopreservation
    • COVID-19 Resources
    • Assisted hatching
    • Assisted Reproductive Technologies
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Impact of satellite clinics on geographic access to assisted reproductive technology services in the United States [2022]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Assisted Reproductive Technology Surveillance — United States, 2018 [2022]
    • Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) DataART : Clinic Information
    • Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)
    • ART Success Rates
  • F&S Reports
    • Impact of increasing antimüllerian hormone level on in vitro fertilization fresh transfer and live birth rate [2022]
    • Embryo morphology and live birth in the United States [2022]
    • Can high antimüllerian hormone mitigate some of the age-related decline in live birth rates? The association between antimüllerian hormone and live birth among women over 40 undergoing in vitro fertilization [2021]
    • Embryo cryopreservation and utilization in the United States from 2004-2013 [2020]
  • Fertility and Sterility
    • A higher number of oocytes retrieved is associated with an increase in fertilized oocytes, blastocysts, and cumulative live birth rates [2023]
    • Prevalence and performance of private equity-affiliated fertility practices in the United States [2022]
    • Predicting personalized cumulative live birth following in vitro fertilization [2022]
    • National egg-freezing trends: cycle and patient characteristics with a focus on race/ethnicity [2021]
    • Assisted reproductive technology use in the United States: a population assessment [2019]
  • International Journal of Fertility & Sterility
    • A Review of The Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Embryo Grading System and Proposed Modification [2016]
  • JAMA Network Open
    • Utilization of Cryopreserved Oocytes in Patients With Poor Ovarian Response After Planned Oocyte Cryopreservation [2024]
    • Development of a Model to Estimate the Optimal Number of Oocytes to Attempt to Fertilize During Assisted Reproductive Technology Treatment [2023]
  • Journal of Ovarian Research
    • Fertility care amidst the COVID19 pandemic: the American experience [2021]
  • Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
    • Cumulative live birth rates with autologous oocytes plateau with fewer number of cycles for each year of age > 42 [2023]
    • Impact of in vitro fertilization state mandates for third party insurance coverage in the United States: a review and critical assessment [2022]
    • Status of racial disparities between black and white women undergoing assisted reproductive technology in the US [2020]
  • Reproductive Sciences
    • Access to Fertility Care in Geographically Underserved Populations, a Second Look [2022]
  • Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology
    • Fresh embryo transfer after in vitro insemination of fresh vs. cryopreserved anonymous donor oocytes: which has a better live birth rate? A Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System analysis [2022]
    • Black race associated with lower live birth rate in frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles: an analysis of 7,002 Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles [2022]
    • Clinical pregnancy and live birth increase significantly with every additional blastocyst up to five and decline after that: an analysis of 16,666 first fresh single-blastocyst transfers from the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology registry [2019]
  • StatPearls
    • Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Techniques
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Preimplantation diagnosis
    • Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
    • Infertility
    • Fertility preservation
    • Ethics, jurisprudence: assisted reproductive technology
    • Assisted reproductive technology: pregnancy outcomes
    • Assisted reproductive technology: ovarian stimulation
    • Artificial insemination

Assisted reproductive technology: ovarian stimulation

• Australia
  • SA Health
    • Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
• Canada
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Prevention of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome [2023]
• Denmark
  • Danish Medical Journal
    • Annual incidence of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome [2021]
• Europe
  • European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
    • ESHRE guideline: ovarian stimulation for IVF/ICSI [2020]
• France
  • Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
    • Comparative effectiveness of gonadotropins used for ovarian stimulation during assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in France: A real-world observational study from the French nationwide claims database (SNDS) [2023]
• Germany
  • Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • Effectiveness of recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (r-hFSH): recombinant human luteinizing hormone versus r-hFSH alone in assisted reproductive technology treatment cycles among women aged 35-40 years: A German database study [2023]
• International
  • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
    • Growth hormone for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) [2021]
    • Dopamine agonists for preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome [2021]
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • Optimising Follicular Development, Pituitary Suppression, Triggering and Luteal Phase Support During Assisted Reproductive Technology: A Delphi Consensus [2021]
    • Improving Reporting of Clinical Studies Using the POSEIDON Criteria: POSORT Guidelines [2021]
    • Defining Low Prognosis Patients Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technology: POSEIDON Criteria—The Why [2018]
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences
    • Novel Physiology and Definition of Poor Ovarian Response; Clinical Recommendations [2020]
  • International Society for Mild Approaches in Assisted Reproduction
    • The case for mild stimulation for IVF: recommendations from The International Society for Mild Approaches in Assisted Reproduction [2022]
  • Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics
    • How effective are the non-conventional ovarian stimulation protocols in ART? A systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]
  • Journal of Medical Internet Research
    • Harnessing Artificial Intelligence to Predict Ovarian Stimulation Outcomes in In Vitro Fertilization: Scoping Review [2024]
  • Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
    • Dose adjustment of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) during ovarian stimulation as part of medically-assisted reproduction in clinical studies: a systematic review covering 10 years (2007–2017) [2021]
    • A 10-year follow-up on the practice of luteal phase support using worldwide web-based surveys [2021]
• Italy
  • European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences
    • GnRH antagonists in assisted reproductive techniques: a review on the Italian experience [2013]
  • Human Reproduction
    • A retrospective evaluation of prognosis and cost-effectiveness of IVF in poor responders according to the Bologna criteria [2015]
• Middle East
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • FSH/LH co-stimulation in Advanced Maternal Age (AMA) and hypo-responder patients - Arabian gulf delphi consensus group [2024]
• Spain
  • Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
    • Use of gonadotropins in ovarian stimulation in Spain: Delphi consensus [2023]
• Sweden
  • ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research
    • Economic evaluation of highly purified human menopausal gonadotropin versus recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone in fresh and frozen in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm-injection cycles in Sweden [2013]
• United Kingdom
  • British Fertility Society
    • Prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS): British Fertility Society policy and practice guideline [2025]
    • Venous thromboembolism associated with medically assisted reproduction (MAR): British fertility society policy and practice guidance for assessment and prevention [2024]
• United States
  • American Society for Reproductive Medicine
    • Prevention of moderate and severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: a guideline [2024]
    • Comparison of pregnancy rates for poor responders using IVF with mild ovarian stimulation versus conventional IVF: a guideline [2018]
  • Fertility and Sterility
    • Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome after assisted reproductive technologies: trends, predictors, and pregnancy outcomes [2020]
  • Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology
    • Total follicle stimulating hormone dose is negatively correlated with live births in a donor/recipient model with fresh transfer: an analysis of 8,627 cycles from the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry [2020]
    • Differential impact of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation on live birth rate in fresh versus frozen embryo transfer cycles: a Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome System study [2020]
  • Women's Health Reports
    • Minimal Stimulation Using Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist is Associated with Higher Live Birth Rates: A National Study of 13,050 Cycles [2022]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Assisted reproductive technology

Assisted reproductive technology: pregnancy outcomes

• Canada
  • Canadian Fertility & Andrology Society
    • Recurrent implantation failure in IVF: A Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society Clinical Practice Guideline [2020]
    • Management of thin endometrium in assisted reproduction: a clinical practice guideline from the Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society [2019]
    • Increased risk of preterm birth in singleton pregnancies after blastocyst versus Day 3 embryo transfer: Canadian ART Register (CARTR) analysis [2013]
  • Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada
    • Severe Maternal Morbidity and Maternal Mortality Associated with Assisted Reproductive Technology [2022]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Pregnancy Outcomes After Assisted Human Reproduction [2014]
• China
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • Placental Abnormalities and Placenta-Related Complications Following In-Vitro Fertilization: Based on National Hospitalized Data in China [2022]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Live Birth Sex Ratio after In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer in China - An Analysis of 121,247 Babies from 18 Centers [2014]
• Estonia
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Singleton pregnancies after in vitro fertilization in Estonia: a register-based study of complications and adverse outcomes in relation to the maternal socio-demographic background [2019]
• Europe
  • European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
    • ESHRE good practice recommendations on recurrent implantation failure [2023]
    • Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infected pregnancies after medically assisted reproduction [2021]
    • Birth defects and congenital health risks in children conceived through assisted reproduction technology (ART): a meeting report [2014]
• Finland
  • Acta Diabetologica
    • In vitro fertilization increases the odds of gestational diabetes: a nationwide register-based cohort study [2023]
• International
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Embryonic and neonatal outcomes following double vitrification/thawing: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]
    • Assisted reproductive technology and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analyses [2021]
    • Assisted reproductive technology and the risk of preeclampsia: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis [2019]
  • Fertility and Sterility
    • Current evidence supporting a goal of singletons: a review of maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with twin versus singleton pregnancies after in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection [2020]
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • The influence of embryo stage on obstetric complications and perinatal outcomes following programmed compared to natural frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
  • Human Fertility
    • Obstetric and perinatal outcomes in singleton pregnancies following medicated, stimulated and natural, frozen embryo transfer cycles: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]
  • Human Reproduction
    • Day 5 versus Day 6 blastocyst transfers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical outcomes [2019]
  • International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    • FIGO good practice recommendations on reduction of preterm birth in pregnancies conceived by assisted reproductive technologies [2021]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Evaluation of the Risk of Birth Defects Related to the Use of Assisted Reproductive Technology: An Updated Systematic Review [2022]
  • JBRA Assisted Reproduction
    • In Vitro Fertilisation and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection predictive factors: A review of the effect of female age, ovarian reserve, male age, and male factor on IVF/ICSI treatment outcomes [2023]
  • Medicina
    • Fresh versus Frozen Embryo Transfer in In Vitro Fertilization/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Cycles: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Neonatal Outcomes [2024]
  • Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
    • Effect of endometrial thickness on obstetric and neonatal outcomes in assisted reproduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
  • Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • Congenital anomaly and perinatal outcome following blastocyst- vs cleavage-stage embryo transfer: systematic review and network meta-analysis [2023]
• Japan
  • Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine
    • Birth defects after assisted reproductive technology according to the method of treatment in Japan: nationwide data between 2004 and 2012 [2015]
  • European Journal of Pediatrics
    • In vitro fertilization and long-term child health and development: nationwide birth cohort study in Japan [2024]
  • Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics
    • Down syndrome live births following assisted reproductive technology in Japan: a nationwide survey between 2007 and 2016 [2022]
• Nordic countries
  • Fertility and Sterility
    • Risk of stillbirth and neonatal death in singletons born after fresh and frozen embryo transfer: cohort study from the Committee of Nordic Assisted Reproduction Technology and Safety [2023]
• Republic of Korea
  • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
    • Multiple pregnancy after single or multiple embryo transfer performed according to Korean guidelines [2015]
  • Fertility and Sterility
    • Neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants with very low birth weight conceived with the assistance of in vitro fertilization [2022]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Effects of assisted reproductive technology on severe maternal morbidity risk in both singleton and multiple births in Korea: A nationwide population-based cohort study [2022]
• Sweden
  • Fertility and Sterility
    • Mortality from infancy to adolescence in singleton children conceived from assisted reproductive techniques versus naturally conceived singletons in Sweden [2020]
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • The association between body mass index and live birth and maternal and perinatal outcomes after in-vitro fertilization: a national cohort study [2023]
• Taiwan
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • Embryo transfer impact: a comprehensive national cohort analysis comparing maternal and neonatal outcomes across varied embryo stages in fresh and frozen transfers [2024]
  • Frontiers in Pediatrics
    • Children Conceived by Assisted Reproductive Technology Prone to Low Birth Weight, Preterm Birth, and Birth Defects: A Cohort Review of More Than 50,000 Live Births During 2011–2017 in Taiwan [2020]
• United Kingdom
  • BMC Medicine
    • Live birth rates and perinatal outcomes when all embryos are frozen compared with conventional fresh and frozen embryo transfer: a cohort study of 337,148 in vitro fertilisation cycles [2019]
  • Fertility and Sterility
    • Comparison of perinatal outcomes after frozen or fresh embryo transfer: separate analyses of singleton, twin, and sibling live births from a linked national in vitro fertilization registry [2022]
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • Transfer of thawed frozen embryo versus fresh embryo to improve the healthy baby rate in women undergoing IVF: the E-Freeze RCT [2022]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Multiple Pregnancy Following Assisted Reproduction [2018]
    • Epigenetics and Reproductive Medicine [2018]
  • UK Maternal Cardiology Society
    • Best practice recommendations for medically assisted reproduction in patients with known cardiovascular disease or at high risk of cardiovascular disease [2024]
• United States
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Perinatal Risks Associated With Assisted Reproductive Technology [2016]
  • American Society for Reproductive Medicine
    • The role of immunotherapy in in vitro fertilization: a guideline [2018]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Births resulting from assisted reproductive technology: comparing birth certificate and National ART Surveillance System Data, 2011 [2014]
  • F&S Reports
    • Effects of parity on preterm delivery in twin gestations conceived with in vitro fertilization [2023]
  • Fertility and Sterility
    • Trends and outcomes of fresh and frozen donor oocyte cycles in the United States [2024]
    • Embryo transfer practices and multiple births resulting from assisted reproductive technology: an opportunity for prevention [2015]
    • Elective single embryo transfer trends and predictors of a good perinatal outcome—United States, 1999–2010 [2013]
  • Human Reproduction
    • The risks of birth defects and childhood cancer with conception by assisted reproductive technology [2022]
  • JAMA Network Open
    • Assessment of Birth Defects and Cancer Risk in Children Conceived via In Vitro Fertilization in the US [2020]
  • Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics
    • Recurrence risk and risk factors for monozygotic twin and triplet birth in over 65,000 single-embryo transfers [2023]
  • New England Journal of Medicine
    • Fertility Treatments and Multiple Births in the United States [2013]
  • Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
    • Time associations between U.S. birth rates and add-Ons to IVF practice between 2005–2016 [2021]
  • Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology
    • Frozen autologous and donor oocytes are associated with differences in clinical and neonatal outcomes compared with fresh oocytes: a Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System Analysis [2023]
    • Association between embryo morphological quality and birth weight for singletons conceived via autologous fresh embryo transfer: an analysis using Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinical Outcomes Reporting System [2022]
    • Adherence to embryo transfer guidelines in favorable-prognosis patients aged less than 35 years using autologous oocytes and in recipients using donor oocytes: a Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System study [2022]
    • The incidence of ectopic/heterotopic pregnancies after blastocyst-stage frozen-thawed embryo transfers compared with that after cleavage-stage: a Society for Assisted Reproductive Technologies Clinical Outcomes Reporting System study [2021]
    • Obstetric outcomes in pregnancies resulting from in vitro fertilization are not different in fertile, sterilized women compared to infertile women: A Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology database analysis [2021]
    • Increased male live-birth rates after blastocyst-stage frozen-thawed embryo transfers compared with cleavage-stage frozen-thawed embryo transfers: a SART registry study [2021]
    • Elective transfer of one embryo is associated with a higher cumulative live birth rate and improved perinatal outcomes compared to the transfer of two embryos with in vitro fertilization [2020]
  • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine
    • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Special Statement: Checklist for pregnancies resulting from in vitro fertilization [2022]
    • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Consult Series #60: Management of pregnancies resulting from in vitro fertilization [2022]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Assisted reproductive technology

Ectopic pregnancy

• Brazil
  • BioMed Research International
    • Awareness about a Life-Threatening Condition: Ectopic Pregnancy in a Network for Surveillance of Severe Maternal Morbidity in Brazil [2014]
• Canada
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Management of Pregnancy of Unknown Location and Tubal and Nontubal Ectopic Pregnancies [2021]
• China
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy: a multi-center case-control study [2015]
  • Journal of Clinical Medicine
    • Treatment of Cesarean Scar Ectopic Pregnancy in China with Uterine Artery Embolization-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2022]
• Europe
  • European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
    • Terminology for describing normally sited and ectopic pregnancies on ultrasound: ESHRE recommendations for good practice [2020]
• Germany
  • GMS German Medical Science
    • Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy in Germany: a retrospective study of 100,197 patients [2017]
• High-income countries
  • In Vivo
    • To Fight or to Flee? A Systematic Review of Ectopic Pregnancy Management and Complications During the Covid-19 Pandemic [2022]
• India
  • Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of India
    • Ectopic Pregnancy in the Era of Medical Abortion: Are We Ready for It? Spectrum of Sonographic Findings and Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Service Hospital of India [2013]
• International
  • European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
    • Cesarean Scar Pregnancy: A systematic review on expectant management [2023]
  • Fertility and Sterility
    • Pregnancy of unknown location: A consensus statement of nomenclature, definitions and outcome [2011]
  • Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
    • Predictors of treatment failure of tubal pregnancy with single-dose methotrexate regimen - a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]
  • Medicina
    • Management of Myomectomy Scar Pregnancy: A Scoping Review [2025]
  • Medicine
    • Reproductive outcomes of ectopic pregnancy with conservative and surgical treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
    • Non-surgical management of tubal ectopic pregnancy [2021]
  • Médecins Sans Frontières
    • Ectopic pregnancy [2019]
  • Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • Definition and sonographic reporting system for Cesarean scar pregnancy in early gestation: modified Delphi method [2022]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • The Diagnosis and Management of Ectopic Pregnancy [2024]
• Japan
  • Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
    • National trends in treatments for ectopic pregnancy in Japan from 2010 to 2020: a retrospective observational study [2024]
• Latin America and the Caribbean, Sub-Saharan Africa
  • BMJ Open
    • Prevalence and management of ectopic and molar pregnancies in 17 countries in Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean: a secondary analysis of the WHO multi-country cross-sectional survey on abortion [2024]
• Republic of Korea
  • Scientific Reports
    • Ectopic pregnancy incidence in the Republic of Korea in 2009–2015: A population-based cross-sectional study [2018]
• United Kingdom
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage: diagnosis and initial management [2023]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Diagnosis and Management of Ectopic Pregnancy [2016]
• United States
  • American College of Emergency Physicians
    • Clinical Policy: Critical Issues in the Initial Evaluation and Management of Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department in Early Pregnancy [2017]
  • American Family Physician
    • Ectopic Pregnancy: Diagnosis and Management [2020]
  • American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • Disparities in the Management of Ectopic Pregnancy [2017]
  • American Society for Reproductive Medicine
    • Medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy: a committee opinion [2013]
    • Ectopic pregnancy
  • F&S Reports
    • Racial and ethnic disparities in the surgical management of tubal ectopic pregnancy [2022]
  • Fertility and Sterility
    • Demographic, lifestyle, and reproductive risk factors for ectopic pregnancy [2018]
  • Maternal and Child Health Journal
    • Trends in Ectopic Pregnancy Diagnoses in United States Emergency Departments, 2006–2013 [2020]
  • Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • Opioid Prescription and Persistent Opioid Use after Ectopic Pregnancy [2020]
  • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine
    • Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Consult Series #63: Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy [2022]
  • Society of Family Planning
    • Society of Family Planning Clinical Recommendation: Management of undesired pregnancy of unknown location and abortion at less than 42 days of gestation [2025]
  • Women's Health
    • Overview of ectopic pregnancy diagnosis, management, and innovation [2023]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Infertility
    • Gynecologic surgery
    • Bleeding in pregnancy, placenta diseases

Female infertility

• Australia
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • Assessment of female fertility in general practice [2020]
  • Better Safer Care
    • Endometrial biopsy for routine fertility work-up
  • BMJ Open
    • Trends in clinical encounters and management for infertility among women attending Australian general practice: a national longitudinal study using MedicineInsight, 2011 to 2021 [2025]
• Canada
  • Canadian Fertility & Andrology Society
    • Obesity and Reproduction [2018]
• Denmark
  • Journal of Pregnancy
    • Impaired Fertility Associated with Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Thyroid Autoimmunity: The Danish General Suburban Population Study [2015]
• Europe
  • European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
    • The Thessaloniki ESHRE/ESGE consensus on diagnosis of female genital anomalies [2016]
    • The comprehensiveness of the ESHRE/ESGE classification of female genital tract congenital anomalies: a systematic review of cases not classified by the AFS system [2015]
    • The ESHRE/ESGE consensus on the classification of female genital tract congenital anomalies [2013]
  • European Society of Urogenital Radiology
    • MRI of female genital tract congenital anomalies: European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) guidelines [2020]
• India
  • Indian Journal of Medical Research
    • Pooled prevalence of hypothyroidism among Indian females with infertility: A systematic review & meta-analysis [2024]
  • Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences
    • Insight into the diagnosis and management of subclinical genital tuberculosis in women with infertility [2016]
  • Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of India
    • Current Diagnosis and Management of Female Genital Tuberculosis [2015]
• International
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Prevalence of thyroid autoantibody positivity in women with infertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • BMJ Open
    • Worldwide prevalence, risk factors and psychological impact of infertility among women: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
  • Journal of Clinical Medicine
    • Uterine Factor Infertility, a Systematic Review [2022]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Global burden of female infertility attributable to sexually transmitted infections and maternal sepsis: 1990-2021 and projections to 2050 [2025]
  • Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal
    • Female Genital Tuberculosis Among Infertile Women and Its Contributions to Primary and Secondary Infertility: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
• Iran
  • Frontiers in Psychiatry
    • Psychosocial Consequences of Female Infertility in Iran: A Meta-Analysis [2020]
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Marital satisfaction in Iranian infertile women: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
  • Iranian Journal of Psychiatry
    • Infertility and Psychological and Social Health of Iranian Infertile Women: A Systematic Review [2020]
• Republic of Korea
  • Reproductive Health
    • Lifestyle factors and health outcomes associated with infertility in women: A case-control study using National Health Insurance Database [2025]
• Taiwan
  • Clinics
    • Relationships between female infertility and female genital infections and pelvic inflammatory disease: a population-based nested controlled study [2018]
• United Kingdom
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Proov Confirm for ovulation confirmation [2023]
• United States
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • The Use of Antimüllerian Hormone in Women Not Seeking Fertility Care [2019]
    • Female Age-Related Fertility Decline [2014]
  • American College of Radiology
    • Female Infertility
    • ACR–ACOG–AIUM–SRU Practice Parameter for the Performance of Sonohysterography and Hysterosalpingo-Contrast-Sonography (HyCoSy)
    • ACR Practice Parameter for the Performance of Hysterosalpingography
  • American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
    • AIUM Practice Parameter for the Performance of a Focused Ultrasound Examination in Reproductive Endocrinology and Female Infertility [2019]
  • American Society for Reproductive Medicine
    • American Society for Reproductive Medicine position statement on qualifications for providing ultrasound procedures in reproductive medicine [2022]
    • Fertility evaluation of infertile women: a committee opinion [2021]
    • ASRM müllerian anomalies classification 2021 [2021]
    • Testing and interpreting measures of ovarian reserve: a committee opinion [2020]
    • Female fertility
  • Medical Surveillance Monthly Report
    • Female Infertility, Active Component Service Women, U.S. Armed Forces, 2013–2018 [2019]
  • Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
    • A review of disparities in access to infertility care and treatment outcomes among Hispanic women [2022]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Fertility trends and comparisons in a historical cohort of US women with primary infertility [2022]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Menstruation disturbances, female gonadal disorders
    • Infertility
    • Hirsutism, acne, alopecia, adrenal gland diseases
    • Genital infections, sexually transmitted diseases
    • Female sexual disorders
    • Female infertility treatment
    • Endometriosis

Female infertility treatment

• Canada
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • Clomiphene for anovulatory infertility [2016]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Hysteroscopic Surgery in Fertility Therapy [2024]
    • Minimally Invasive Surgery in Fertility Therapy [2023]
    • Diagnosis and Management of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome [2023]
• High-income countries
  • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
    • Tubal flushing for subfertility [2020]
• International
  • Fertility and Sterility
    • An umbrella review of meta-analyses regarding the incidence of female-specific malignancies after fertility treatment [2025]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Effectiveness of Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Overweight or Obese Infertile Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2020]
• Iran
  • Global Journal of Health Science
    • Factors Affecting Response to Infertility Treatment: Case of Iran [2015]
• United Kingdom
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Hysteroscopic metroplasty of a uterine septum for primary infertility [2015]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Uterine Tranplantation [2021]
    • The Management of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome [2016]
• United States
  • American Society for Reproductive Medicine
    • The use of hormonal contraceptives in fertility treatments: a committee opinion [2024]
    • Fertility drugs and cancer: a guideline [2024]
    • Role of tubal surgery in the era of assisted reproductive technology: a committee opinion [2021]
    • Diagnosis and treatment of luteal phase deficiency: a committee opinion [2021]
    • Use of exogenous gonadotropins for ovulation induction in anovulatory women: a committee opinion [2020]
  • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
    • A personalized medicine approach to ovulation induction/ovarian stimulation: development of a predictive model and online calculator from level-I evidence [2022]
    • Short-term weight change and live birth among women with unexplained infertility and polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing ovulation induction [2021]
  • Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
    • Medical therapy to treat obesity and optimize fertility in women of reproductive age: a narrative review [2025]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Female infertility

Fertility preservation

• Asia
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • Investigation of Each Society for Fertility Preservation in Asia [2019]
    • Fertility Preservation for Child and Adolescent Cancer Patients in Asian Countries [2019]
• Australasia
  • Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
    • ANZSREI consensus statement on elective oocyte cryopreservation [2019]
• Australia
  • Clinical Oncology Society of Australia
    • Australian fertility preservation guidelines for people with cancer 2022: review and recommendations [2022]
• Australia, New Zealand
  • Pediatric Blood & Cancer
    • The Australian New Zealand Consortium in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults Oncofertility action plan [2024]
• Austria, Germany, Switzerland
  • FertiProtekt
    • Determinants of transplantation success with cryopreserved ovarian tissue: data from 196 women of the FertiPROTEKT network [2022]
    • Motherhood after cancer: fertility and utilisation of fertility-preservation methods [2020]
    • Ovarian Tissue Transplantation: Experience From Germany and Worldwide Efficacy [2019]
    • FertiPROTEKT, Oncofertility Consortium and the Danish Fertility-Preservation Networks – What Can We Learn From Their Experiences? [2019]
    • Practical recommendations for fertility preservation in women by the FertiPROTEKT network. Part II: fertility preservation techniques [2018]
    • Practical recommendations for fertility preservation in women by the FertiPROTEKT network. Part I: Indications for fertility preservation [2018]
    • Fertility preservation for non-medical reasons: controversial, but increasingly common [2015]
    • Fertility Preservation in Women With Malignant Tumors and Gonadotoxic Treatments [2012]
    • Fertility preservation in women—a practical guide to preservation techniques and therapeutic strategies in breast cancer, Hodgkin’s lymphoma and borderline ovarian tumours by the fertility preservation network FertiPROTEKT [2011]
• Canada
  • Canadian Fertility & Andrology Society
    • Fertility preservation in patients undergoing gonadotoxic treatments: a Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society clinical practice guideline [2024]
  • CMAJ
    • Update on fertility preservation for younger women with breast cancer [2020]
  • Current Oncology
    • Barriers to Oncofertility Care among Female Adolescent Cancer Patients in Canada [2022]
    • Oncofertility in Canada: cryopreservation and alternative options for future parenthood [2014]
    • Oncofertility in Canada: the impact of cancer on fertility [2013]
    • Oncofertility in Canada: gonadal protection and fertility-sparing strategies [2013]
    • Oncofertility in Canada: an overview of Canadian practice and suggested action plan [2013]
  • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
    • Fertility preservation in post-pubescent female cancer patients: A practical guideline for clinicians [2018]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Oncofertility – Bridging the Geographical Gap in Pediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology in Canada [2025]
    • Egg Freezing for Age-Related Fertility Decline [2018]
• China
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • Chinese Expert Consensus on ovarian function and fertility preservation of cervical cancer in pregnancy (2023) [2023]
  • Gynecologic Oncology
    • Expert consensus on fertility preservation in patients with breast cancer occurring during pregnancy [2022]
  • Gynecological Endocrinology
    • Expert consensus on fertility preservation in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in girls in China [2023]
  • Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics
    • Current status and reflections on fertility preservation in China [2022]
  • Maturitas
    • Practice guideline on ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation in the prevention and treatment of iatrogenic premature ovarian insufficiency [2024]
• Europe
  • European Menopause and Andropause Society
    • EMAS position statement: Fertility preservation [2014]
  • European Society for Medical Oncology
    • Fertility preservation and post-treatment pregnancies in post-pubertal cancer patients: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines [2020]
    • Cancer, pregnancy and fertility: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up [2013]
  • European Society of Gynaecological Oncology
    • Fertility-sparing treatment and follow-up in patients with cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and borderline ovarian tumours: guidelines from ESGO, ESHRE, and ESGE [2024]
  • European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
    • ESHRE guideline: female fertility preservation [2020]
    • Oocyte and ovarian tissue cryopreservation in European countries: statutory background, practice, storage and use [2017]
    • A European perspective on testicular tissue cryopreservation for fertility preservation in prepubertal and adolescent boys [2015]
• France
  • Breast
    • Fertility preservation in patients of childbearing age treated for breast cancer: A nationwide cohort study [2022]
  • Journal of Clinical Medicine
    • Oocyte Vitrification for Fertility Preservation in Women with Benign Gynecologic Disease: French Clinical Practice Guidelines Developed by a Modified Delphi Consensus Process [2021]
• Germany
  • ESMO Open
    • Fertility preservation and management of pregnancy in melanoma patients requiring systemic therapy [2021]
  • Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
    • Fertility Preservation for Patients with Malignant Disease. Guideline of the DGGG, DGU and DGRM (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry No. 015/082, November 2017) – Recommendations and Statements for Girls and Women [2018]
• India
  • South Asian Journal of Cancer
    • Practical consensus recommendations on fertility preservation in patients with breast cancer [2018]
• Indonesia
  • Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences
    • Current Awareness and Attitude toward Fertility Preservation in Indonesia: A Nationwide Survey Among Health-care Providers [2021]
• International
  • Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
    • Elective egg freezing without medical indications [2019]
  • BMC Medicine
    • Cancer and fertility preservation: international recommendations from an expert meeting [2016]
  • Cancer Management and Research
    • Fertility preservation during cancer treatment: clinical guidelines [2014]
  • Cancer Medicine
    • Integration of partners of young women with cancer in oncofertility evidence-based informational resources [2020]
  • Fertility and Sterility
    • Male fertility restoration: in vivo and in vitro stem cell-based strategies using cryopreserved testis tissue: a scoping review [2024]
    • Utility of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists for fertility preservation in women receiving chemotherapy: pros and cons [2020]
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • National oncofertility registries around the globe: a pilot survey [2023]
    • A Systematic Review of Ovarian Tissue Transplantation Outcomes by Ovarian Tissue Processing Size for Cryopreservation [2022]
  • Human Reproduction
    • Live birth rate after female fertility preservation for cancer or haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the three main techniques; embryo, oocyte and ovarian tissue cryopreservation [2023]
  • Human Reproduction Open
    • Fertility preservation in boys: recent developments and new insights [2020]
  • Human Reproduction Update
    • Reproductive ability in survivors of childhood, adolescent, and young adult Hodgkin lymphoma: a review [2023]
    • Fresh and cryopreserved ovarian tissue transplantation for preserving reproductive and endocrine function: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis [2022]
  • International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    • FIGO statement: Fertility preservation [2023]
  • International Society for Fertility Preservation
    • A synopsis of the 2021 International Society of Fertility Preservation bi-annual meeting [2022]
    • Update on fertility preservation from the Barcelona International Society for Fertility Preservation–ESHRE–ASRM 2015 expert meeting: indications, results and future perspectives [2017]
    • Recommendations for fertility preservation in patients with lymphomas [2012]
    • Recommendations for fertility preservation in patients with lymphoma, leukemia, and breast cancer [2012]
    • Fertility preservation in young women with breast cancer [2012]
  • JCO Global Oncology
    • Survey of Third-Party Parenting Options Associated With Fertility Preservation Available to Patients With Cancer Around the Globe [2020]
    • Survey of Fertility Preservation Options Available to Patients With Cancer Around the Globe [2020]
  • Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics
    • Ethical, legal, social, and policy issues of ovarian tissue cryopreservation in prepubertal girls: a critical interpretive review [2024]
    • A synopsis of global frontiers in fertility preservation [2022]
    • A View from the past into our collective future: the oncofertility consortium vision statement [2021]
  • Journal of Ovarian Research
    • Comparison of the quality of ovarian tissue cryopreservation by conventional slow cryopreservation and vitrification-a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]
  • Oncologist
    • The Development of an International Oncofertility Competency Framework: A Model to Increase Oncofertility Implementation [2019]
• Ireland
  • Health Information and Quality Authority
    • Summary of publicly-funded fertility preservation services [2024]
• Italy
  • Frontiers in Oncology
    • Fertility Preservation in Female Pediatric Patients With Cancer: A Clinical and Regulatory Issue [2021]
  • Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics
    • Female fertility preservation for family planning: a position statement of the Italian Society of Fertility and Sterility and Reproductive Medicine (SIFES-MR) [2024]
• Japan
  • Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology
    • Childbirth and fertility preservation in childhood and adolescent cancer patients: a second national survey of Japanese pediatric endocrinologists [2017]
    • Gonadal function, fertility, and reproductive medicine in childhood and adolescent cancer patients: a national survey of Japanese pediatric endocrinologists [2016]
  • International Journal of Clinical Oncology
    • Out-of-pocket fertility preservation expenses: data from a Japanese nationwide multicenter survey [2024]
    • Japan Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guidelines 2017 for fertility preservation in childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer patients: part 2 [2022]
    • Japan Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guidelines 2017 for fertility preservation in childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer patients: part 1 [2022]
    • Indications for fertility preservation not included in the 2017 Japan Society of Clinical Oncology Guideline for Fertility Preservation in Pediatric, Adolescent, and Young Adult Patients treated with gonadal toxicity, including benign diseases [2022]
    • Guidance on the need for contraception related to use of pharmaceuticals: the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development Study Group for providing information on the proper use of pharmaceuticals in patients with reproductive potential [2022]
  • Obstetrics & Gynecology Science
    • Fertility preservation for adolescent and young adult cancer patients in Japan [2018]
• Malaysia
  • Medical Journal of Malaysia
    • Fertility preservation opportunities for cancer patients in Malaysia [2021]
• New Zealand
  • Starship
    • Fertility Preservation for People with Cancer
• Poland
  • Ginekologia Polska
    • Updating the recommendations of the Working Group for the Preservation of Fertility in Oncological and Hematological Patients and Other Patients Treating Gonadier Therapies “ONCOFERTILITY” (GROF) of the Polish Society of Oncological Gynecology regarding cryopreserves and autologous transplant [2021]
• Republic of Korea
  • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
    • Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for fertility preservation in women with breast cancer: Practical issues [2021]
    • Fertility preservation for patients with hematologic malignancies: The Korean Society for Fertility Preservation clinical guidelines [2017]
    • Fertility preservation for patients with gynecologic malignancies: The Korean Society for Fertility Preservation clinical guidelines [2017]
    • Fertility preservation for patients with breast cancer: The Korean Society for Fertility Preservation clinical guidelines [2017]
    • Fertility preservation during cancer treatment: The Korean Society for Fertility Preservation clinical guidelines [2017]
• Singapore
  • Annals Academy of Medicine Singapore
    • Freezing the biological clock: a viable fertility preservation option for young Singapore women? [2013]
• Spain
  • Clinical and Translational Oncology
    • Multidisciplinary consensus on the criteria for fertility preservation in cancer patients [2022]
  • Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica
    • SEOM Clinical Guideline of fertility preservation and reproduction in cancer patients (2016) [2016]
• Sweden
  • Human Reproduction
    • Efficacy and safety of controlled ovarian stimulation using GnRH antagonist protocols for emergency fertility preservation in young women with breast cancer—a prospective nationwide Swedish multicenter study [2020]
  • JAMA Oncology
    • Relapse Rates and Disease-Specific Mortality Following Procedures for Fertility Preservation at Time of Breast Cancer Diagnosis [2022]
    • Reproductive Outcomes After Breast Cancer in Women With vs Without Fertility Preservation [2021]
  • Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences
    • Fertility preservation for young adults, adolescents, and children with cancer [2020]
• Switzerland
  • Current Oncology
    • Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer and the Desire for Parenthood-A Legal View from a Swiss Perspective in Consideration of the Relevance of Cancer Support Organizations [2023]
• United Kingdom
  • British Fertility Society
    • Fertility preservation for medical reasons in girls and women: British fertility society policy and practice guideline [2018]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Removal, preservation and reimplantation of ovarian tissue for restoring fertility after gonadotoxic treatment [2023]
  • New Bioethics
    • Women's reproductive choice and (elective) egg freezing: is an extension of the storage limit missing a bigger issue? [2024]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Elective Egg Freezing for Non-Medical Reasons [2020]
• United States
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Fertility Preservation for Pediatric and Adolescent Patients With Cancer: Medical and Ethical Considerations [2020]
    • Counseling in Pediatric Populations at Risk for Infertility and/or Sexual Function Concerns [2018]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Gynecologic Issues in Children and Adolescent Cancer Patients and Survivors [2018]
  • American Society for Reproductive Medicine
    • Planned oocyte cryopreservation to preserve future reproductive potential: an Ethics Committee opinion [2024]
    • Fertility preservation in patients undergoing gonadotoxic therapy or gonadectomy: a committee opinion [2019]
    • Fertility preservation and reproduction in patients facing gonadotoxic therapies: an Ethics Committee opinion [2018]
    • Fertility Preservation
    • Cancer
  • American Society of Clinical Oncology
    • Fertility Preservation in People With Cancer: ASCO Guideline Update [2025]
    • Fertility Preservation in Patients With Cancer: ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline Update [2018]
  • Cancer Medicine
    • Inequalities in Fertility-Impacting Cancer Incidence Among Young Populations in the United States [2025]
    • Fertility concerns and treatment decision-making among national sample of young women with breast cancer [2024]
  • Gynecologic Oncology Reports
    • Use of fertility preservation services in male reproductive-aged cancer patients [2021]
  • Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics
    • Has oncofertility information for male patients improved? Objective assessment of internet-based fertility preservation resources at NCI cancer centers from 2015 to 2020 [2021]
    • Oncologic oocyte cryopreservation: national comparison of fertility preservation between women with and without cancer [2020]
    • Fertility preservation in breast cancer with case-based examples for guidance [2020]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Variability in the Practice of Fertility Preservation for Patients with Cancer [2015]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Infertility
    • Gynecologic oncology
    • Ethics, jurisprudence: assisted reproductive technology
    • Assisted reproductive technology

Infertility

• Africa
  • Reproductive Health
    • A scoping review of the psychosocial aspects of infertility in African countries [2024]
    • A rapid scoping review of fear of infertility in Africa [2020]
• Australia
  • Medical Journal of Australia
    • Recommendations from the 2024 Australian evidence-based guideline for unexplained infertility: ADAPTE process from the ESHRE evidence-based guideline on unexplained infertility [2024]
• Austria, Germany, Switzerland
  • Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
    • Diagnosis and Treatment Before Assisted Reproductive Treatments. Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k Level, AWMF Register Number 015-085, February 2019) – Part 2, Hemostaseology, Andrology, Genetics and History of Malignant Disease [2019]
    • Diagnosis and Therapy Before Assisted Reproductive Treatments. Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k Level, AWMF Register Number 015-085, February 2019) – Part 1, Basic Assessment of the Woman [2019]
• Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Materia Socio-Medica
    • Causes of Sterility in Bosnia-Herzegovina Population [2015]
• Brazil
  • Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
    • Increasing the Chances of Natural Conception: Opinion Statement from the the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations - FEBRASGO - Committee of Gynecological Endocrinology [2019]
• Canada
  • Canadian Fertility & Andrology Society
    • The management of unexplained infertility: an evidence-based guideline from the Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society [2019]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Advanced Reproductive Age and Fertility [2017]
• Denmark
  • BMJ
    • Long term exposure to road traffic noise and air pollution and risk of infertility in men and women: nationwide Danish cohort study [2024]
• Europe
  • European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
    • Good practice recommendations on add-ons in reproductive medicine [2023]
    • Evidence-based guideline: unexplained infertility [2023]
    • A prognosis-based approach to infertility: understanding the role of time [2017]
    • Qualitative research in the ESHRE Guideline 'Routine psychosocial care in infertility and medically assisted reproduction - a guide for staff' [2016]
    • Economic aspects of infertility care: a challenge for researchers and clinicians [2015]
    • ESHRE guideline: routine psychosocial care in infertility and medically assisted reproduction — a guide for fertility staff [2015]
    • An introduction to infertility counseling: a guide for mental health and medical professionals [2012]
• Finland
  • Social Science & Medicine
    • Own depression, partner's depression, and childlessness: A nationwide register-based study [2024]
• France
  • American Journal of Public Health
    • Infertility Treatment in France, 2008–2017: A Challenge of Growing Treatment Needs at Older Ages [2020]
• Gambia
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Availability of services for the diagnosis and treatment of infertility in The Gambia`s public and private health facilities: a cross-sectional survey [2022]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Policy action points and approaches to promote fertility care in The Gambia: Findings from a mixed-methods study [2024]
• Germany
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Who is the gate keeper for treatment in a fertility clinic in Germany? -baseline results of a prospective cohort study (PinK study)- [2018]
• Ghana
  • Facts, Views & Vision in ObGyn
    • Need for accessible infertility care in Ghana: the patients’ voice [2016]
• International
  • Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • The value of treatment for infertility: A systematic literature review of willingness-to-pay thresholds and approaches for determining the cost effectiveness of fertility therapies [2023]
  • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
    • Interventions for unexplained infertility: a systematic review and network meta-analysis [2019]
  • Fertility and Sterility
    • Top 10 priorities for future infertility research: an international consensus development study [2021]
    • Standardizing definitions and reporting guidelines for the infertility core outcome set: an international consensus development study [2021]
    • Developing a core outcome set for future infertility research: an international consensus development study [2021]
    • The International Glossary on Infertility and Fertility Care, 2017 [2017]
  • Human Reproduction
    • Improving the Reporting of Clinical Trials of Infertility Treatments (IMPRINT): modifying the CONSORT statement [2014]
  • Human Reproduction Open
    • Indicators of infertility and fertility care: a systematic scoping review [2022]
  • International Federation of Fertility Societies
    • Declining global fertility rates and the implications for family planning and family building: an IFFS consensus document based on a narrative review of the literature [2024]
  • International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    • The challenges of obesity for fertility: A FIGO literature review [2023]
    • Fertility Treatment and COVID-19 [2020]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Reproductive Health Risks Associated with Occupational and Environmental Exposure to Pesticides [2021]
  • Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences
    • Role of Mental Health Practitioner in Infertility Clinics: A Review on Past, Present and Future Directions [2018]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Fertility – Investigation and Management in Secondary Care [2023]
• Italy
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • Practical Clinical and Diagnostic Pathway for the Investigation of the Infertile Couple [2021]
• Low and middle income countries
  • Environment International
    • Estimation of couple fecundity in the general population and the association with monthly time-varying ambient particulate matter exposure in low- and middle-income countries: A population-based multi-center epidemiological study [2024]
  • Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters
    • Breaking the silence around infertility: a scoping review of interventions addressing infertility-related gendered stigmatisation in low- and middle-income countries [2023]
• Netherlands
  • Human Reproduction
    • Overtreatment in couples with unexplained infertility [2015]
  • JMIR mHealth and uHealth
    • Pre-Conception Interventions for Subfertile Couples Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technology Treatment: Modeling Analysis [2020]
• Nigeria
  • International Journal of Women's Health
    • A review of management of infertility in Nigeria: framing the ethics of a national health policy [2011]
• Norway
  • Fertility and Sterility
    • Smoking and infertility: multivariable regression and Mendelian randomization analyses in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study [2022]
• Poland
  • Endokrynologia Polska
    • Thyroid diseases and fertility disorders - Guidelines of the Polish Society of Endocrinology [2022]
• Qatar
  • Journal of Reproductive Immunology
    • Potential causes of male and female infertility in Qatar [2020]
• South Africa
  • National Department of Health South Africa
    • National Clinical Guidelines for Safe Conception and Infertility [2020]
• United Kingdom
  • BMC Public Health
    • Trends in procedures for infertility and caesarean sections: was NICE disinvestment guidance implemented? NICE recommendation reminders [2013]
  • British Fertility Society
    • The Association of Reproductive and Clinical Scientists (ARCS) and British Fertility Society (BFS) U.K. update to guidance on Fertility treatment during the Covid-19 pandemic [2022]
    • The Association of Reproductive and Clinical Scientists (ARCS) and British Fertility Society (BFS) U.K. best practice guidelines for reintroduction of routine fertility treatments during the COVID-19 pandemic [2020]
  • British Journal of General Practice
    • Assessment and treatment for people with fertility problems: NICE guideline [2014]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Fertility problems: assessment and treatment [2017]
    • Fertility
  • Scottish Government
    • National Infertility Group Report [2016]
• United States
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Management of Infertility [2019]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Infertility: Disparities and Access to Services: ACOG Committee Statement No. 14 [2025]
  • American College of Radiology
    • Infertility
  • American Family Physician
    • Evaluation and Treatment of Infertility [2015]
  • American Society for Reproductive Medicine
    • Tobacco or marijuana use and infertility: a committee opinion [2024]
    • Definition of infertility: a committee opinion [2023]
    • Optimizing natural fertility: a committee opinion [2022]
    • Obesity and reproduction: a committee opinion [2021]
    • Guidance on qualifications for fertility counselors: a committee opinion [2021]
    • Evidence-based treatments for couples with unexplained infertility: a guideline [2020]
    • Definitions of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss: a committee opinion [2020]
    • Smoking and infertility: a committee opinion [2018]
    • Infertility
  • Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses
    • Infertility Treatment and Fertility Preservation [2021]
  • Fertility and Sterility
    • Meeting the demand for fertility services: the present and future of reproductive endocrinology and infertility in the United States [2023]
    • Unmet financial burden of infertility care and the impact of state insurance mandates in the United States: analysis from a popular crowdfunding platform [2021]
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • The Influence of Diet on Fertility and the Implications for Public Health Nutrition in the United States [2018]
  • JAMA Network Open
    • Trends in Infertility Care Among Commercially Insured US Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic [2021]
  • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
    • Infertility and Fertility
  • Reproductive Sciences
    • Racial and Ethnic Variation in Genetic Susceptibility: Are Disparities in Infertility Prevalence and Outcomes more than Black and White? [2022]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Historical walk: the HRP special programme and infertility [2012]
    • Infertility: Fact sheet
    • Infertility
    • Fertility care
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Sexual dysfunction
    • Miscarriage, pregnancy loss
    • Menstruation disturbances, female gonadal disorders
    • Male infertility
    • Infertility: epidemiology
    • Hirsutism, acne, alopecia, adrenal gland diseases
    • Genital infections, sexually transmitted diseases
    • Fertility preservation
    • Female infertility
    • Endometriosis
    • Ectopic pregnancy
    • Assisted reproductive technology
    • Andrology

Infertility: epidemiology

• Australia
  • Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
    • Infertility in Australia circa 1980: an historical population perspective on the uptake of fertility treatment by Australian women born in 1946-51 [2009]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Management of encounters related to subfertility and infertility in Australian general practice: a focus on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander females [2023]
  • Journal of Affective Disorders
    • Associations between factors in childhood and young adulthood and childlessness among women in their 40s: A national prospective cohort study [2024]
• Canada
  • Human Reproduction
    • Estimating the prevalence of infertility in Canada [2012]
• Canada, Denmark, United States
  • Human Reproduction
    • Seasonal patterns in fecundability in North America and Denmark: a preconception cohort study [2020]
• China
  • BMC Public Health
    • Childlessness and its associated factors among Chinese women: a nationwide population-based study [2025]
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Fertility history and intentions of married women, China [2024]
• Europe
  • Eurostat
    • Fertility statistics
• Ghana
  • Studies in Family Planning
    • Prevalence and Correlates of Perceived Infertility in Ghana [2020]
• India
  • Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health
    • Prevalence and potential determinants of primary infertility in India: Evidence from Indian demographic health survey [2021]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Surging trends of infertility and its behavioural determinants in India [2023]
    • Key drivers of fertility levels and differentials in India, at the national, state and population subgroup levels, 2015-2016: An application of Bongaarts' proximate determinants model [2022]
• International
  • Aging
    • Global, regional, and national prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years for infertility in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: results from a global burden of disease study, 2017 [2019]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Estimating the effects of policies on infertility prevalence worldwide [2022]
  • BMJ Open
    • Trends in the burden of female infertility among adults aged 20-49 years during 1990-2019: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 [2024]
  • Epidemiology
    • The Use of Time to Pregnancy for Estimating and Monitoring Human Fecundity From Demographic and Health Surveys [2021]
  • Human Reproduction Open
    • Infertility prevalence and the methods of estimation from 1990 to 2021: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
  • Human Reproduction Update
    • Infertility around the globe: new thinking on gender, reproductive technologies and global movements in the 21st century [2015]
  • International Journal of Reproductive Medicine
    • Worldwide trend analysis of primary and secondary infertility rates over past decades: A cross-sectional study [2022]
  • Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • Burden of female infertility in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2021: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 [2025]
  • PLoS Medicine
    • National, Regional, and Global Trends in Infertility Prevalence Since 1990: A Systematic Analysis of 277 Health Surveys [2012]
  • Population Health Metrics
    • Measuring infertility in populations: constructing a standard definition for use with demographic and reproductive health surveys [2012]
  • Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
    • Ambient temperature and female infertility prevalence: an ecological study based on the 2019 global burden of disease study [2025]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Epidemiological characteristics of infertility, 1990-2021, and 15-year forecasts: an analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2021 [2025]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Global, regional, and national burden of female infertility and trends from 1990 to 2021 with projections to 2050 based on the GBD 2021 analysis [2025]
  • United Nations Population Fund
    • How will COVID-19 impact fertility? [2021]
    • Policy responses to low fertility: How effective are they? [2019]
    • Low fertility: A review of the determinants [2019]
• Iran
  • BMC Public Health
    • Nationwide prevalence of infertility in Iranian couples: findings from a 2019 study [2025]
  • Global Journal of Health Science
    • The Prevalence and Causes of Primary Infertility in Iran: A Population-Based Study [2015]
  • International Journal of Fertility & Sterility
    • A Meta-Analysis of The Prevalence and Etiology of Infertility in Iran [2023]
    • Practical Difficulties in Estimating The Prevalence of Primary Infertility in Iran [2019]
  • Journal of Womens Health, Issues and Care
    • Epidemiology and Etiology of Infertility in Iran, Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2013]
  • Urology Journal
    • Prevalence of Infertility In Iran: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis [2020]
• Jordan
  • Gates Open Research
    • Shifting dynamics: Changes in the relationship between total fertility rate and contraceptive prevalence rate in Jordan between 2012 and 2017 [2021]
• Low and middle income countries
  • Demographic and Health Surveys
    • Levels and Trends of Infertility and Childlessness [2021]
    • Comparing Ideal and Completed Family Size: A Focus on Women in Low-and Middle-income Countries with Unrealized Fertility [2021]
  • Human Reproduction
    • Estimating infertility prevalence in low-to-middle-income countries: an application of a current duration approach to Demographic and Health Survey data [2017]
• Palau
  • Hawai'i Journal of Health & Social Welfare
    • An Evaluation of Infertility Among Women in the Republic of Palau, 2016 [2020]
• Spain
  • Gaceta Sanitaria
    • Decline in fertility induced by economic recession in Spain [2020]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Demographic and Health Surveys
    • Fertility Changes in Sub-Saharan Africa [2008]
• Sudan
  • Qatar Medical Journal
    • Prevalence of infertility in Sudan: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]
• Sweden
  • Reproductive Health
    • Fecundity and human birth seasonality in Sweden: a register-based study [2019]
• United Kingdom
  • Human Reproduction
    • Prevalence of infertility and help seeking among 15 000 women and men [2016]
• United States
  • American Journal of Epidemiology
    • "Research on Infertility: Definition Makes a Difference" Revisited [2018]
  • Andrology
    • The prevalence of couple infertility in the United States from a male perspective: evidence from a nationally representative sample [2013]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Infertility
  • Fertility and Sterility
    • Prevalence of infertility in the United States as estimated by the current duration approach and a traditional constructed approach [2013]
  • Journal of Women's Health
    • Risks Factors and Treatment Use Related to Infertility and Impaired Fecundity Among Reproductive-Aged Women [2017]
    • Estimates of lifetime infertility from three states: the behavioral risk factor surveillance system [2015]
  • U.S. Census Bureau
    • Fertility
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Infertility Prevalence Estimates, 1990–2021 [2023]
    • Infecundity, infertility, and childlessness in Developing Countries - DHS Comparative Reports No. 9 [2004]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Infertility

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

• China
  • Frontiers in Reproductive Health
    • Impact of intracytoplasmic sperm injection in women with non-male factor infertility: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
• International
  • Andrology
    • Long-term follow-up of ICSI-conceived offspring compared with spontaneously conceived offspring: a systematic review of health outcomes beyond the neonatal period [2018]
  • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
    • Regular (ICSI) versus ultra-high magnification (IMSI) sperm selection for assisted reproduction [2020]
  • Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics
    • The effect of ICSI in infertility couples with non-male factor: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]
    • Comparison of intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome with fresh versus frozen-thawed testicular sperm in men with nonobstructive azoospermia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2018]
  • Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
    • Should rescue ICSI be re-evaluated considering the deferred transfer of cryopreserved embryos in in-vitro fertilization cycles? A systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]
• Jordan
  • Annals of Medicine and Surgery
    • The practice of intracytoplasmic sperm injection in Jordan: A clinical outcome study [2020]
• United Kingdom
  • Fertility and Sterility
    • Reproductive outcomes after surgical sperm retrieval in couples with male factor subfertility: a 10-year retrospective national cohort [2023]
  • NHS England
    • Surgical sperm retrieval for male infertility [2016]
• United States
  • American Society for Reproductive Medicine
    • Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for non–male factor indications: a committee opinion [2020]
    • Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
  • JAMA
    • Trends in Use of and Reproductive Outcomes Associated With Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection [2015]
  • Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology
    • Differences in utilization of Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) within human services (HHS) regions and metropolitan megaregions in the U.S. [2017]
  • Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology
    • Intracytoplasmic sperm injection versus conventional in vitro fertilization in unexplained infertility [2024]
    • IVF outcomes following ICSI cycles using testicular sperm in obstructive (OA) vs. non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and the impact of maternal and paternal age: a SART CORS data registry [2023]
    • Comparing reproductive outcomes between conventional in vitro fertilization and nonindicated intracytoplasmic sperm injection in autologous embryo transfer cycles: a Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System Study [2023]
    • Intracytoplasmic sperm injection vs. conventional in vitro fertilization in patients with non-male factor infertility [2022]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Assisted reproductive technology

Male infertility

• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Undescended testes: Diagnosis and timely treatment in Australia (1995–2014) [2017]
    • Male infertility – The other side of the equation [2017]
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • Undescended testes: What general practitioners need to know [2019]
• Brazil
  • International Brazilian Journal of Urology
    • Concise practice recommendations for the provision of andrological services and assisted reproductive technology for male infertility patients during the SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil [2020]
• Canada
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • Male factor infertility: Initial workup and diagnosis in primary care [2021]
    • Practical approach to evaluating testicular status in infants and children [2017]
  • Canadian Urological Association
    • 2023 Canadian Urological Association guideline: Evaluation and management of azoospermia [2023]
    • Canadian Urological Association-Pediatric Urologists of Canada (CUA-PUC) guideline for the diagnosis, management, and followup of cryptorchidism [2017]
• China
  • Asian Journal of Andrology
    • The reference values for semen parameters of 1213 fertile men in Guangdong Province in China [2014]
• Estonia
  • Andrology
    • Prevalence of congenital cryptorchidism in Estonia [2022]
• Europe
  • Asian Journal of Andrology
    • Misconceptions about falling sperm counts and fertility in Europe [2013]
  • European Academy of Andrology
    • EAA/EMQN best practice guidelines for molecular diagnosis of Y-chromosomal microdeletions: State of the art 2023 [2024]
    • The European Academy of Andrology (EAA) ultrasound study on healthy, fertile men: Scrotal ultrasound reference ranges and associations with clinical, seminal, and biochemical characteristics [2021]
    • European Academy of Andrology guideline Management of oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia [2018]
  • European Association of Urology
    • Male Infertility
  • European Society of Urogenital Radiology
    • The role of the radiologist in the evaluation of male infertility: recommendations of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology-Scrotal and Penile Imaging Working Group (ESUR-SPIWG) for scrotal imaging [2025]
    • Ultrasound evaluation of varicoceles: systematic literature review and rationale of the ESUR-SPIWG Guidelines and Recommendations [2020]
  • Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
    • Male Reproductive Disorders, Diseases, and Costs of Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in the European Union [2015]
• Europe, United States
  • Andrology
    • Trend of change of sperm count and concentration over the last two decades: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis [2023]
• Finland
  • Asian Journal of Andrology
    • Finland is following the trend—sperm quality in Finnish men [2013]
• Germany
  • Deutsches Ärzteblatt International
    • Undescended Testis Guideline—Is it Being Implemented in Practice? [2014]
    • The Timing of Surgery for Undescended Testis [2014]
  • JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft
    • Basic diagnostics in andrology [2013]
  • World Journal of Urology
    • Treatment trends for undescended testis and impact of guideline changes a medical health care analysis of orchidopexy and cryptorchidism in Germany between 2006 und 2020 [2024]
• India
  • Indian Journal of Urology
    • The Urological Society of India guidelines for the management of male infertility (Executive Summary) [2023]
  • International Journal of Fertility & Sterility
    • Y Chromosomal Microdeletion Screening in The Workup of Male Infertility and Its Current Status in India [2014]
• International
  • Andrologia
    • Sperm DNA fragmentation testing: Summary evidence and clinical practice recommendations [2021]
  • Andrology
    • The environmental and occupational influence of pesticides on male fertility: A systematic review of human studies [2022]
    • Addiction and human male fertility: A systematic review and a critical appraisal [2022]
    • The current status and future of andrology: A consensus report from the Cairo workshop group [2020]
  • Arab Journal of Urology
    • Prediction of male infertility by the World Health Organization laboratory manual for assessment of semen analysis: A systematic review [2018]
  • BioMed Research International
    • Impacts of Outdoor Air Pollution on Human Semen Quality: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review [2020]
  • BJS Open
    • Timing of paediatric orchidopexy in universal healthcare systems: international administrative data cohort study [2020]
  • BMC Public Health
    • The quality of life of men experiencing infertility: a systematic review [2024]
    • Global, regional and national burden of male infertility in 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2019: an analysis of global burden of disease study [2023]
  • BMC Urology
    • Does outdoor air pollution cause poor semen quality? A systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]
  • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
    • Comparison of diagnostic and treatment guidelines for undescended testis [2020]
  • F1000Research
    • "Am I Masculine?" A metasynthesis of qualitative studies on traditional masculinity on infertility [2023]
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • The epidemiology of cryptorchidism and potential risk factors, including endocrine disrupting chemicals [2024]
  • Human Reproduction Open
    • Current global status of male reproductive health [2024]
  • Human Reproduction Update
    • The diagnosis of male infertility: an analysis of the evidence to support the development of global WHO guidance—challenges and future research opportunities [2017]
  • International Brazilian Journal of Urology
    • Best urological practices on testing and management of infertile men with abnormal sperm DNA fragmentation levels: the SFRAG guidelines [2021]
  • International Journal of General Medicine
    • Causes and Risk Factors for Male Infertility: A Scoping Review of Published Studies [2022]
  • Journal of Clinical Medicine
    • The Influence of Male Ejaculatory Abstinence Time on Pregnancy Rate, Live Birth Rate and DNA Fragmentation: A Systematic Review [2023]
  • Reproductive Health
    • Genital mycoplasma infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
  • Reproductive Toxicology
    • The influence of lead exposure on male semen parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
  • Society for Translational Medicine
    • The Society for Translational Medicine: clinical practice guidelines for sperm DNA fragmentation testing in male infertility [2017]
  • World Journal of Men's Health
    • The Renaissance of Male Infertility Management in the Golden Age of Andrology [2023]
    • Controversy and Consensus on Indications for Sperm DNA Fragmentation Testing in Male Infertility: A Global Survey, Current Guidelines, and Expert Recommendations [2023]
    • Consensus and Diversity in the Management of Varicocele for Male Infertility: Results of a Global Practice Survey and Comparison with Guidelines and Recommendations [2023]
    • Antisperm Antibody Testing: A Comprehensive Review of Its Role in the Management of Immunological Male Infertility and Results of a Global Survey of Clinical Practices [2022]
    • Sperm Morphology Assessment in the Era of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection: Reliable Results Require Focus on Standardization, Quality Control, and Training [2021]
    • Sperm DNA Fragmentation: A Critical Assessment of Clinical Practice Guidelines [2021]
    • Sperm DNA Fragmentation: A New Guideline for Clinicians [2020]
    • Male Fertility and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review of the Literature [2020]
    • Male Oxidative Stress Infertility (MOSI): Proposed Terminology and Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Idiopathic Male Infertility [2019]
    • Review of Guidelines for the Evaluation and Treatment of Leukocytospermia in Male Infertility [2018]
• Iran
  • Journal of Reproduction & Infertility
    • Frequency of Y Chromosome Microdeletions Among Iranian Infertile Men with Azoospermia and Severe Oligozoospermia: A Meta-analysis [2016]
• Italy
  • Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
    • SARS-CoV-2 infection, male fertility and sperm cryopreservation: a position statement of the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS) (Società Italiana di Andrologia e Medicina della Sessualità) [2020]
• Low and middle income countries
  • Facts, Views & Vision in ObGyn
    • Simplified sperm testing devices: a possible tool to overcome lack of accessibility and inconsistency in male factor infertility diagnosis. An opportunity for low- and middle- income countries [2021]
• Malawi
  • Anthropology & Medicine
    • ‘At the hospital I learnt the truth’: diagnosing male infertility in rural Malawi [2014]
• Middle East, North Africa
  • F1000Research
    • The genetic causes of male infertility: a Middle East and North Africa perspective [2022]
• Netherlands
  • Human Reproduction
    • Total motile sperm count: a better indicator for the severity of male factor infertility than the WHO sperm classification system [2015]
• Nigeria, South Africa
  • Scientific Reports
    • Trends in semen parameters of infertile men in South Africa and Nigeria [2023]
• Poland
  • Endokrynologia Polska
    • Recommendations on the diagnosis of male infertility — genetic testing [2020]
• Republic of Korea
  • Chonnam Medical Journal
    • Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric and Adolescent Varicocele: A Survey of Pediatric Urologists in Korea [2016]
• Switzerland
  • Andrology
    • Semen quality of young men in Switzerland: a nationwide cross-sectional population-based study [2019]
• United Kingdom
  • Association of Reproductive and Clinical Scientists
    • Good practice in laboratory diagnostic andrology: Association of Reproductive and Clinical Scientists guidelines 2024 [2024]
  • UK National Screening Committee
    • Cryptorchidism
• United States
  • American College of Radiology
    • Hematospermia
  • American Society for Reproductive Medicine
    • Diagnostic evaluation of sexual dysfunction in the male partner in the setting of infertility: a committee opinion [2023]
    • Evaluation of the azoospermic male: a committee opinion [2018]
    • Male Fertility/Andrology
  • American Urological Association
    • Updates to Male Infertility: AUA/ASRM Guideline (2024) [2024]
    • Diagnosis and treatment of infertility in men: AUA/ASRM guideline part I [2021]
    • Evaluation and treatment of cryptorchidism: AUA guideline [2014]
  • Asian Journal of Andrology
    • Insurance coverage for male infertility care in the United States [2016]
  • Current Urology Reports
    • Artificial Intelligence for Clinical Management of Male Infertility, a Scoping Review [2024]
  • F1000Research
    • Barriers to implementation of guidelines for the diagnosis and management of undescended testis [2019]
  • Journal of Pediatric Urology
    • Timely orchiopexy by 18 months of age: Are we meeting the standards defined by the 2014 AUA guidelines? [2022]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. Sixth edition [2021]
    • WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. Fifth edition [2010]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Testicular cancer
    • Male sexual disorders
    • Male infertility treatment
    • Male genital infections
    • Klinefelter syndrome
    • Infertility
    • Andrology

Male infertility treatment

• Australia
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • Surgical management of male infertility: An overview [2023]
• International
  • Aging
    • Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical intervention on sperm quality: a systematic review and network meta-analysis [2023]
  • Asian Journal of Andrology
    • Predictive parameters of the efficacy of varicocele repair: a review [2024]
    • Summary evidence on the effects of varicocele treatment to improve natural fertility in subfertile men [2016]
  • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
    • Surgical or radiological treatment for varicoceles in subfertile men [2021]
  • Frontiers in Pharmacology
    • Effectiveness of Pharmacological Intervention Among Men with Infertility: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis [2021]
  • Scientific Reports
    • Assessing the efficacy of varicocelectomy, antioxidants, FSH treatment, and lifestyle modifications on sperm DNA fragmentation: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2025]
  • World Journal of Men's Health
    • Does Varicocele Repair Improve Conventional Semen Parameters? A Meta-Analytic Study of Before-After Data [2024]
    • Impact of Varicocele Repair on Semen Parameters in Infertile Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2023]
    • Controversy and Consensus on the Management of Elevated Sperm DNA Fragmentation in Male Infertility: A Global Survey, Current Guidelines, and Expert Recommendations [2023]
    • Utility of Antioxidants in the Treatment of Male Infertility: Clinical Guidelines Based on a Systematic Review and Analysis of Evidence [2021]
    • A Global Survey of Reproductive Specialists to Determine the Clinical Utility of Oxidative Stress Testing and Antioxidant Use in Male Infertility [2021]
• United States
  • American Society for Reproductive Medicine
    • The management of obstructive azoospermia: a committee opinion [2019]
    • Management of nonobstructive azoospermia: a committee opinion [2018]
  • American Urological Association
    • Diagnosis and treatment of infertility in men: AUA/ASRM guideline part II [2021]
  • F&S Reports
    • Assisted reproductive technology cycles involving male factor infertility in the United States, 2017-2018: data from the National Assisted Reproductive Technology Surveillance System [2022]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Male infertility

Miscarriage, pregnancy loss

• Australia
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • Clinical care for women seeking pregnancy after miscarriage [2024]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Pre-pregnancy lifestyle characteristics and risk of miscarriage: the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health [2022]
  • Queensland Health
    • Early pregnancy loss
• Australia, New Zealand
  • Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Progesterone support of the luteal phase and in the first trimester [2018]
• Canada
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Vaginal Micronized Progesterone Capsules for the Prevention of Miscarriage and Preterm Birth: A Review of the Clinical Evidence [2014]
  • CMAJ
    • Diagnosis and management of early pregnancy loss [2024]
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Diagnosis and Management of Intrauterine Early Pregnancy Loss [2025]
    • Pregnancy Loss
• Ethiopia
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Trends and determinants of pregnancy loss in eastern Ethiopia from 2008 to 2019: analysis of health and demographic surveillance data [2022]
• Europe
  • European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
    • Terminology for pregnancy loss prior to viability: a consensus statement from the ESHRE early pregnancy special interest group [2015]
• Finland
  • Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
    • National register data are of value in studies on miscarriage-Validation of the healthcare register data in Finland [2022]
• France
  • International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
    • Fetal death: Expert consensus of the French College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists [2025]
• Ghana
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Beyond counting induced abortions, miscarriages and stillbirths to understanding their risk factors: analysis of the 2017 Ghana maternal health survey [2021]
• Hungary
  • Scientific Reports
    • Post-conception heat exposure increases clinically unobserved pregnancy losses [2021]
• India
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Pregnancy outcomes among Indian women: increased prevalence of miscarriage and stillbirth during 2015-2021 [2023]
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Understanding trimester-specific miscarriage risk in Indian women: insights from the calendar data of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) 2019-21 [2024]
• International
  • Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
    • Predictors of successful expectant and medical management of miscarriage: A systematic review [2024]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Factors affecting the emotional wellbeing of women and men who experience miscarriage in hospital settings: a scoping review [2022]
  • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
    • Methods for managing miscarriage: a network meta-analysis [2021]
  • Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
    • Pesticide exposure and spontaneous abortion risk: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • Frontiers in Nutrition
    • Relationship between maternal caffeine and coffee intake and pregnancy loss: A grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation-assessed, dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies [2022]
  • Human Reproduction Update
    • Advanced paternal age is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous miscarriage: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]
  • International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis
    • The risk of venous thromboembolism in early pregnancy loss: Review of the literature and current guidelines and the need for guidance - Communication from the SSC on Women's Health Issues for thrombosis and haemostasis [2022]
  • PLoS ONE
    • COVID-19 and cause of pregnancy loss during the pandemic: A systematic review [2021]
  • Vaccine
    • Spontaneous abortion and ectopic pregnancy: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of maternal immunization safety data [2017]
• Ireland
  • Reproductive Health
    • Miscarriage hospitalisations: a national population-based study of incidence and outcomes, 2005–2016 [2019]
• Israel
  • JAMA Network Open
    • Rates of Spontaneous Abortion in Israel Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic [2023]
• Jordan
  • Medicina
    • Understanding Miscarriage Prevalence and Risk Factors: Insights from Women in Jordan [2024]
• Kazakhstan
  • Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
    • Epidemiology of spontaneous pregnancy loss in Kazakhstan: A national population-based cohort analysis during 2014-2019 using the national electronic healthcare system [2023]
• Nepal
  • PLoS ONE
    • Factors associated with miscarriage in Nepal: Evidence from Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys, 2001-2016 [2024]
• Norway
  • BMJ
    • Role of maternal age and pregnancy history in risk of miscarriage: prospective register based study [2019]
  • PLoS Medicine
    • Risk of miscarriage in women with chronic diseases in Norway: A registry linkage study [2021]
• Portugal
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • The psychological impact of Early Pregnancy Loss in Portugal: incidence and the effect on psychological morbidity [2023]
• Republic of Korea
  • BMC Public Health
    • Pregnancy loss and Income in the Republic of Korea using National Health Insurance Service Data, 2008-2014 [2022]
• South Asia
  • Lancet Planetary Health
    • Estimation of pregnancy losses attributable to exposure to ambient fine particles in south Asia: an epidemiological case-control study [2021]
  • Nature Communications
    • Open fire exposure increases the risk of pregnancy loss in South Asia [2021]
• Sweden
  • Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
    • The association of smoking, use of snuff, and preconception alcohol consumption with spontaneous abortion: A population-based cohort study [2023]
• United Kingdom
  • BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    • The cost-effectiveness of progesterone in preventing miscarriages in women with early pregnancy bleeding: an economic evaluation based on the PRISM trial [2020]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Predicting outcomes of expectant and medical management in early pregnancy miscarriage using machine learning to develop and validate multivariable clinical prediction models [2025]
  • BMJ
    • Defining safe criteria to diagnose miscarriage: prospective observational multicentre study [2015]
  • British Journal of General Practice
    • The Pregnancy Loss Review: what does it mean for general practice? [2023]
  • Department of Health and Social Care
    • Pregnancy Loss Review
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • Mifepristone and misoprostol versus placebo and misoprostol for resolution of miscarriage in women diagnosed with missed miscarriage: the MifeMiso RCT [2021]
    • Progesterone to prevent miscarriage in women with early pregnancy bleeding: the PRISM RCT [2020]
  • Journal of Pregnancy
    • Expectant Management of Miscarriage in View of NICE Guideline 154 [2014]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Management of miscarriage [2023]
    • Progestogens for preventing miscarriage: Ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage: diagnosis and initial management [2021]
    • 2021 exceptional surveillance of ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage: diagnosis and initial management (NICE guideline NG126) [2021]
  • NHS England
    • National pregnancy and baby loss people policy framework [2024]
    • North West Management of Second Trimester Pregnancy Loss Integrated Care Pathway [2022]
    • North West Management of Second Trimester Pregnancy Loss Guideline [2022]
  • Reproduction and Fertility
    • Did the NICE guideline for progesterone treatment of threatened miscarriage get it right? [2022]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Surgical Management of Miscarriage and Removal of Persistent Placental or Fetal Remains [2018]
  • Royal College of Pathologists
    • Guidelines on autopsy practice: Fetal autopsy of 2nd trimester fetal loss (excluding termination of pregnancy for congenital anomaly) [2024]
• United States
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Improving Access to Mifepristone for Reproductive Health Indications [2018]
  • American Society for Reproductive Medicine
    • Miscarriage or Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL)
  • Cureus
    • Spontaneous Miscarriage Management Experience: A Systematic Review [2022]
  • EClinicalMedicine
    • Gestational exposure to fatal police violence and pregnancy loss in US core based statistical areas, 2013–2015 [2021]
  • Human Reproduction
    • Association between preconception paternal health and pregnancy loss in the USA: an analysis of US claims data [2021]
  • JAMA
    • Trends in the Use of Mifepristone for Medical Management of Early Pregnancy Loss From 2016 to 2020 [2023]
  • JAMA Network Open
    • Outcomes After Early Pregnancy Loss Management With Mifepristone Plus Misoprostol vs Misoprostol Alone [2024]
    • Early Pregnancy Loss Management in the Emergency Department vs Outpatient Setting [2023]
  • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
    • Pregnancy Loss (Before 20 Weeks of Pregnancy)
  • National Perinatal Association
    • Care of Women Presenting to the Emergency Department with Pregnancy Loss [2017]
  • Society of Family Planning
    • Society of Family Planning Clinical Recommendation: Medication management for early pregnancy loss [2025]
  • StatPearls
    • Early Pregnancy Loss (Spontaneous Abortion)
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Managing incomplete abortion [2008]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Uterine fibroids
    • Stillbirth, perinatal mortality, neonatal mortality
    • Recurrent miscarriage, recurrent pregnancy loss
    • Premature labor, preterm delivery
    • Maternal and neonatal infections
    • Infertility
    • Bleeding in pregnancy, placenta diseases

Recurrent miscarriage, recurrent pregnancy loss

• Australia
  • Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
    • Australasian recurrent pregnancy loss clinical management guideline 2024, part II [2024]
    • Australasian Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Clinical Management Guideline 2024 Part I [2024]
• Austria, Germany, Switzerland
  • Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
    • Recurrent Miscarriage: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures. Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry No. 015/050, May 2022) [2023]
    • Recurrent Miscarriage: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures. Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry Number 015/050) [2018]
• Canada
  • Canadian Fertility & Andrology Society
    • The investigation and management of recurrent early pregnancy loss: a Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society clinical practice guideline [2025]
• China
  • Medicine
    • The association between 5, 10 – methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and the risk of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss in China [2021]
    • Male sperm quality and risk of recurrent spontaneous abortion in Chinese couples: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]
  • Trials
    • Quality of reporting on randomized controlled trials on recurrent spontaneous abortion in China [2015]
• Denmark
  • Journal of the American Heart Association
    • Phenome-Wide Analysis of Short- and Long-Run Disease Incidence Following Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Using Data From a 39-Year Period [2020]
• Europe
  • European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
    • ESHRE guideline: recurrent pregnancy loss: an update in 2022 [2023]
    • ESHRE guideline: recurrent pregnancy loss [2018]
    • Clinical approach for the classification of congenital uterine malformations [2012]
• High-income countries
  • Reproductive BioMedicine Online
    • Clinical practice guidelines for recurrent miscarriage in high-income countries: a systematic review [2021]
• International
  • Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
    • Treatment efficacy for idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss – a systematic review and meta-analyses [2018]
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • Recurrent pregnancy loss: A summary of international evidence-based guidelines and practice [2018]
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Research trends and hotspots of recurrent pregnancy loss with thrombophilia: a bibliometric analysis [2022]
    • Insulin resistance in women with recurrent miscarriage: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
  • Fertility and Sterility
    • Mean differences in maternal body mass index and recurrent pregnancy loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies [2021]
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • Relationship Among Traditional Semen Parameters, Sperm DNA Fragmentation, and Unexplained Recurrent Miscarriage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2022]
  • Frontiers in Immunology
    • Chronic endometritis and recurrent reproductive failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
    • Recurrent Spontaneous Miscarriage: a Comparison of International Guidelines [2021]
  • Human Reproduction Update
    • Recurrent pregnancy loss: diagnostic workup after two or three pregnancy losses? A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis [2020]
  • International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    • FIGO Good Practice Recommendations on the use of progesterone in the management of recurrent first-trimester miscarriage [2023]
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences
    • Exploring Potential Biomarkers in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Literature Review of Omics Studies to Molecular Mechanisms [2025]
  • Journal of Clinical Medicine
    • Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Etiology, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Management. Fresh Look into a Full Box [2023]
  • Journal of Reproductive Immunology
    • The microbiome in recurrent pregnancy loss - A scoping review [2024]
  • Medical Review
    • Understanding recurrent pregnancy loss: recent advances on its etiology, clinical diagnosis, and management [2022]
  • Reproductive BioMedicine Online
    • Comparison and appraisal of (inter)national recurrent pregnancy loss guidelines [2019]
  • Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • Congenital Uterine Malformation by Experts (CUME): better criteria for distinguishing between normal/arcuate and septate uterus? [2018]
• Ireland
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Factors that shape recurrent miscarriage care experiences: findings from a national survey [2023]
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Recurrent Miscarriage [2023]
  • Research Involvement and Engagement
    • Developing guideline-based key performance indicators for recurrent miscarriage care: lessons from a multi-stage consensus process with a diverse stakeholder group [2022]
• Kuwait
  • Medical Principles and Practice
    • Recurrent Spontaneous Miscarriage Is Still a Challenging Diagnostic and Therapeutic Quagmire [2015]
• Malaysia
  • Medical Journal of Malaysia
    • Progestogens in the management of miscarriage and preterm birth [2022]
• Saudi Arabia
  • International Journal of Women's Health
    • The Role of Progestogens In Threatened and Idiopathic Recurrent Miscarriage [2019]
• United Kingdom
  • BMJ Open
    • Thrombophilia screening in women with recurrent first trimester miscarriage: is it time to stop testing? - a cohort study and systematic review of the literature [2022]
  • HSC Public Health Agency
    • Recurrent pregnancy loss [2022]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Hysteroscopic metroplasty of a uterine septum for recurrent miscarriage [2015]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Reproductive Implications and Management of Congenital Uterine Anomalies (2024 Second Edition) [2025]
    • Recurrent Miscarriage [2023]
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism and antithyroid autoantibodies in women with subfertility or recurrent pregnancy loss [2022]
• United States
  • American Society for Reproductive Medicine
    • Evidence-based diagnosis and treatment for uterine septum: a guideline [2024]
    • Evaluation and treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss: a committee opinion [2012]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Recurrent miscarriage: cervical incompetence, cervical cerclage
    • Recurrent miscarriage: antiphospholipid syndrome
    • Recurrent miscarriage: alloimmune causes, immunotherapy
    • Miscarriage, pregnancy loss

Recurrent miscarriage: alloimmune causes, immunotherapy

• International
  • Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology
    • Intravenous immunoglobulins improve live birth rate among women with underlying immune conditions and recurrent pregnancy loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology
    • Correlation Between the Presence of Antinuclear Antibodies and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Mini Review [2022]
  • Journal of Clinical Medicine
    • Immunological Risk Factors in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Guidelines Versus Current State of the Art [2021]
  • Journal of Immunology Research
    • Is there a Role of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Immunologic Recurrent Pregnancy Loss? [2020]
• Republic of Korea
  • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
    • Intravenous immunoglobulin G in women with reproductive failure: The Korean Society for Reproductive Immunology practice guidelines [2017]
• United Kingdom
  • Journal of Reproductive Immunology
    • Diagnosis and management of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL): Current immune testing and immunomodulatory treatment practice in the United Kingdom [2022]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • The Role of Natural Killer Cells in Human Fertility [2016]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Recurrent miscarriage, recurrent pregnancy loss

Recurrent miscarriage: antiphospholipid syndrome

• Europe
  • European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology
    • Management of thrombotic and obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome: a systematic literature review informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of antiphospholipid syndrome in adults [2019]
    • EULAR recommendations for the management of antiphospholipid syndrome in adults [2019]
• International
  • BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
    • Antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnancy: a comprehensive literature review [2025]
  • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
    • Aspirin or heparin or both for improving pregnancy outcomes in women with persistent antiphospholipid antibodies and recurrent pregnancy loss [2020]
  • International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis
    • Guidance from the Scientific and Standardization Committee for lupus anticoagulant/antiphospholipid antibodies of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis: Update of the guidelines for lupus anticoagulant detection and interpretation [2020]
  • Medicine
    • Meta-analysis on aspirin combined with low-molecular-weight heparin for improving the live birth rate in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome and its correlation with d-dimer levels [2021]
• Republic of Korea
  • Journal of Korean Medical Science
    • Management of Women with Antiphospholipid Antibodies or Antiphospholipid Syndrome during Pregnancy [2021]
• Spain
  • Reumatología Clínica
    • Recommendations of the Spanish Rheumatology Society for Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Part II: Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Special Situations [2020]
    • Recommendations of the Spanish Rheumatology Society for Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Part I: Diagnosis, Evaluation and Treatment [2020]
• United Kingdom
  • British Society for Haematology
    • Guidelines on the investigation and management of antiphospholipid syndrome [2024]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Recurrent miscarriage, recurrent pregnancy loss
    • Autoimmune diseases in pregnancy

Recurrent miscarriage: cervical incompetence, cervical cerclage

• Canada
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Cervical Insufficiency and Cervical Cerclage [2019]
• Denmark
  • Clinical Epidemiology
    • Validation of second trimester miscarriages and spontaneous deliveries [2015]
• United Kingdom
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • Cerclage suture type to prevent pregnancy loss in women requiring a vaginal cervical cerclage: the C-STICH RCT [2024]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Laparoscopic cerclage for cervical incompetence to prevent late miscarriage or preterm birth [2019]
  • Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
    • Cervical cerclage [2022]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Recurrent miscarriage, recurrent pregnancy loss