Genital infections, sexually transmitted diseases

Guidelines, reviews, epidemiology

Bacterial vaginosis

• Australia
  • Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine
    • Bacterial vaginosis
• Austria, Germany, Switzerland
  • Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
    • Bacterial Vaginosis: Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry No. 015/028, June 2023) [2023]
• Germany
  • Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
    • S1-Guideline on Bacterial Vaginosis in Gynecology and Obstetrics [2014]
• International
  • Antibiotics
    • Comparative Effectiveness of Treatments for Bacterial Vaginosis: A Network Meta-Analysis [2021]
  • Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
    • Efficacy and safety of different drugs for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis [2024]
    • Bacterial Vaginosis: What Do We Currently Know? [2022]
  • International Journal of Clinical Practice
    • Effects of Pro/Prebiotics Alone over Pro/Prebiotics Combined with Conventional Antibiotic Therapy to Treat Bacterial Vaginosis: A Systematic Review [2022]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Bacterial Vaginosis
• Japan
  • Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy
    • Chapter 2-6-2. Anaerobic infections (individual fields): bacterial vaginosis [2011]
• New Zealand
  • New Zealand Sexual Health Society
    • Bacterial Vaginosis
• Republic of Korea
  • Iranian Journal of Microbiology
    • Age and sex trends of Gardnerella vaginalis infection in patients with sexually transmitted infections in Korea [2021]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • Diversity of vaginal microbiota in sub-Saharan Africa and its effects on HIV transmission and prevention [2019]
  • Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials
    • Can one size fit all? Approach to bacterial vaginosis in sub-Saharan Africa [2016]
• United Kingdom
  • British Association for Sexual Health and HIV
    • Bacterial Vaginosis 2012 [2012]
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • Lactic acid gel versus metronidazole for recurrent bacterial vaginosis in women aged 16 years and over: the VITA RCT [2022]
• United States
  • American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
    • Bacterial vaginosis and its association with infertility, endometritis, and pelvic inflammatory disease [2021]
  • Antibiotics
    • The Role of Antimicrobial Resistance in Refractory and Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis and Current Recommendations for Treatment [2022]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Diagnosis and Management of Bacterial Vaginosis: Summary of Evidence Reviewed for the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines [2022]
    • Bacterial Vaginosis
  • Current Infectious Disease Reports
    • Asymptomatic Bacterial Vaginosis: To Treat or Not to Treat? [2020]
  • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
    • Bacterial Vaginosis
  • StatPearls
    • Gardnerella Vaginalis
    • Bacterial Vaginosis
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Recommendations for the treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Candida albicans, bacterial vaginosis and human papillomavirus (anogenital warts): Web Annex D. Evidence-to-decision framework and systematic review for the WHO treatment recommendations for bacterial vaginosis [2024]
    • Bacterial vaginosis: Fact sheet
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Vulvitis, vaginitis
    • Bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy

Candidiasis

• Australia
  • Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine
    • Candidiasis
• Austria, Germany, Switzerland
  • Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde
    • Vulvovaginal Candidosis (Excluding Mucocutaneous Candidosis): Guideline of the German (DGGG), Austrian (OEGGG) and Swiss (SGGG) Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry Number 015/072, September 2020) [2021]
• Brazil
  • Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases
    • Brazilian guidelines for the management of candidiasis – a joint meeting report of three medical societies: Sociedade Brasileira de Infectologia, Sociedade Paulista de Infectologia and Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical [2013]
• Canada
  • BC Centre for Disease Control
    • Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC)
• Eritrea
  • Mycoses
    • Current situation of fungal diseases in Eritrea [2022]
• Europe
  • European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
    • ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: diagnostic procedures [2012]
  • Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
    • Management of recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis: Narrative review of the literature and European expert panel opinion [2022]
• Germany
  • Current Medical Mycology
    • Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis in gynecological practices in Germany: A retrospective study of 954,186 patients [2018]
• International
  • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
    • Treatment for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (thrush) [2022]
    • Oral versus intra-vaginal imidazole and triazole anti-fungal treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis (thrush) [2020]
  • Journal of Fungi
    • Vulvovaginal Candidosis: Current Concepts, Challenges and Perspectives [2020]
    • Global and Multi-National Prevalence of Fungal Diseases—Estimate Precision [2017]
  • Pharmaceuticals
    • Clotrimazole for Vulvovaginal Candidosis: More Than 45 Years of Clinical Experience [2020]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Distribution, antifungal susceptibility pattern and intra-Candida albicans species complex prevalence of Candida africana: A systematic review and meta-analysis [2020]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Candida, genital thrush
• Kazakhstan
  • Journal of Fungi
    • An Estimate of Severe and Chronic Fungal Diseases in the Republic of Kazakhstan [2018]
• Namibia
  • Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control
    • Importance of Candida infection and fluconazole resistance in women with vaginal discharge syndrome in Namibia [2022]
• Netherlands
  • Mycoses
    • Burden of serious fungal infections in the Netherlands [2020]
• New Zealand
  • New Zealand Sexual Health Society
    • Candidiasis
• Sri Lanka
  • Sri Lanka College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists
    • Management of Candida Vulvovaginitis [2022]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • PLoS ONE
    • Immune responses to vaginal candidiasis in African women: A scoping review of cytokine profiles, T-cell activation, and gene expression [2025]
• United Kingdom
  • British Association for Sexual Health and HIV
    • Vulvovaginal Candidiasis 2019 [2019]
• United States
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Survey of incidence, lifetime prevalence, and treatment of self-reported vulvovaginal candidiasis, United States, 2020 [2022]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: A Review of the Evidence for the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines [2022]
    • Candidiasis
  • Infectious Diseases Society of America
    • Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Candidiasis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America [2016]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Survey of healthcare providers' testing practices for vulvovaginal candidiasis and treatment outcomes-United States, 2021 [2022]
    • Possible misdiagnosis, inappropriate empiric treatment, and opportunities for increased diagnostic testing for patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis-United States, 2018 [2022]
  • StatPearls
    • Fluconazole
  • Women's Health Reports
    • Topical Treatment of Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: An Expert Consensus [2022]
• Uruguay
  • Journal of Fungi
    • Estimating the Burden of Serious Fungal Infections in Uruguay [2018]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Landscape analysis of commercially available and pipeline in vitro diagnostics for fungal priority pathogens [2025]
    • Antifungal agents in clinical and preclinical development: overview and analysis [2025]
    • Recommendations for the treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Candida albicans, bacterial vaginosis and human papillomavirus (anogenital warts): Web Annex C. Evidence-to-decision framework and systematic review for the WHO treatment recommendations for Candida albicans [2024]
• Zimbabwe
  • Scientific Reports
    • Determining the burden of fungal infections in Zimbabwe [2021]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Vulvitis, vaginitis
    • Candidiasis in pregnancy and newborn

Cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease

• Australia
  • Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine
    • Pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID)
    • Cervicitis
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • Pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility [2023]
• Brazil
  • Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical
    • Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted infections, 2020: pelvic inflammatory disease [2021]
    • Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2020: infections that cause cervicitis [2021]
• Canada
  • BC Centre for Disease Control
    • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Management and Treatment of Cervicitis: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness and Guidelines [2017]
  • Public Health Agency of Canada
    • Pelvic inflammatory disease
• Europe
  • International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • 2017 European guideline for the management of pelvic inflammatory disease [2017]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
• New Zealand
  • New Zealand Sexual Health Society
    • Pelvic inflammatory disease
• Taiwan
  • PLoS ONE
    • Association of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) with ectopic pregnancy and preterm labor in Taiwan: A nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study [2019]
• United Kingdom
  • British Association for Sexual Health and HIV
    • PID 2019 [2019]
  • Right Decisions
    • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Diagnosis and Management
• United States
  • Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics
    • Current perspectives in the USA on the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease in adolescents [2017]
  • American Family Physician
    • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention [2019]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Prevalence of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in Sexually Experienced Women of Reproductive Age — United States, 2013–2014 [2017]
    • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
  • Infection and Drug Resistance
    • Pelvic inflammatory disease: improving awareness, prevention, and treatment [2016]
  • JAMA
    • Are Emergency Departments Appropriately Treating Adolescent Pelvic Inflammatory Disease? [2013]
  • Journal of Adolescent Health
    • National Trends in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease among Adolescents in the Emergency Department [2013]
  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases
    • Self-reported infertility and associated pelvic inflammatory disease among women of reproductive age — National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, United States, 2013–2016 [2019]
    • Clinician Perspectives on Management of Adolescents with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Using Standardized Patient Scenarios [2013]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Sexually transmitted infections
    • Gonorrhea
    • Chlamydia infections

Chancroid

• Canada
  • Public Health Ontario
    • Chancroid
• Europe
  • International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • 2017 European guideline for the management of chancroid [2017]
• International
  • Emerging Infectious Diseases
    • Epidemiology of Haemophilus ducreyi Infections [2016]
• United States
  • StatPearls
    • Chancroid
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Sexually transmitted infections

Chlamydia infections

• Australia
  • Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine
    • Chlamydia
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • New best practice guidance for general practice to reduce chlamydia-associated reproductive complications in women [2021]
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Improving chlamydia knowledge should lead to increased chlamydia testing among Australian general practitioners: a cross-sectional study of chlamydia testing uptake in general practice [2014]
    • The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Australia: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2012]
  • Department of Health and Aged Care
    • Chlamydial infection
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • The Association between the Australian Alcopops Tax and National Chlamydia Rates among Young People—an Interrupted Time Series Analysis [2020]
  • Medical Journal of Australia
    • Chlamydia prevention and management in Australia: reducing the burden of disease [2022]
• Belgium
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Prevalence estimates of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Belgium: results from two cross-sectional studies [2021]
• Canada
  • Government of Alberta
    • Alberta public health notifiable disease management guidelines : chlamydia
  • Public Health Agency of Canada
    • Chlamydia 2010–2015 [2018]
    • Chlamydia and LGV guide: Key information and resources
  • Public Health Ontario
    • Chlamydia
• China
  • BMC Public Health
    • Prevalence and trends of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in female sex workers and men who have sex with men in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Prevalence of and risk factors for chlamydia in female outpatients with genital tract infections: a nationwide multi-center, cross-sectional study in China [2023]
• Denmark
  • Acta Dermato-Venereologica
    • A Nationwide Observational Study of Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in Denmark during the COVID-19 Pandemic [2022]
• Europe
  • BMC Public Health
    • Provision of chlamydia testing, and training of primary health care staff about chlamydia testing, across four European countries [2014]
  • BMJ Open
    • Primary care integration of sexual and reproductive health services for chlamydia testing across WHO-Europe: a systematic review [2019]
  • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
    • Chlamydia - Annual Epidemiological Report for 2023 [2025]
    • Guidance on chlamydia control in Europe [2016]
    • Chlamydia control in Europe: Qualitative evaluation of the impact of the 2009 ECDC guidance [2015]
    • Chlamydia control in Europe: literature review [2014]
    • Chlamydia infection
  • European Journal of Public Health
    • Changes in chlamydia control activities in Europe between 2007 and 2012: a cross-national survey [2015]
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Europe-wide investigation to assess the presence of new variant of Chlamydia trachomatis in Europe [2007]
  • International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • 2025 European guideline on the management of Chlamydia trachomatis infections [2025]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Genital Chlamydia Prevalence in Europe and Non-European High Income Countries: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2015]
• Germany
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Not again! Effect of previous test results, age group and reason for testing on (re-)infection with Chlamydia trachomatis in Germany [2018]
  • BMC Public Health
    • Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in the general population in Germany – a triangulation of data from two population-based health surveys and a laboratory sentinel system [2022]
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Establishment of a voluntary electronic Chlamydia trachomatis laboratory surveillance system in Germany, 2008 to 2014 [2017]
• High-income countries
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • What is the effectiveness of community-based health promotion campaigns on chlamydia screening uptake in young people and what barriers and facilitators have been identified? A mixed-methods systematic review [2022]
• Hong Kong
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Evaluating the impact and cost-effectiveness of chlamydia management strategies in Hong Kong: A modeling study [2022]
• Iceland
  • Acta Dermato-Venereologica
    • Chlamydia trachomatis in Iceland: Prevalence, Clinico-epidemiological Features and Comparison of Cobas 480 CT/NG and Aptima Combo 2 (CT/NG) for Diagnosis [2021]
• India
  • Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis among Childbearing Age Women in India: A Systematic Review [2016]
  • Pathogens and Disease
    • Burden of Chlamydia trachomatis in India: a systematic literature review [2017]
• International
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Controversies and evidence on Chlamydia testing and treatment in asymptomatic women and men who have sex with men: a narrative review [2022]
    • Prevalence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the general population: a meta-analysis [2020]
  • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
    • Rapid point of care test for detecting urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in nonpregnant women and men at reproductive age [2020]
• Iran
  • Medicine
    • A PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis on Chlamydia trachomatis infections in Iranian women (1986-2015) [2018]
  • Pathogens and Global Health
    • Prevalence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2015]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Chlamydia trachomatis
• Italy
  • Annali dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanità
    • Estimated burden of Chlamydia trachomatis female infection and consequent severe pelvic inflammatory disease, Italy, 2005-2016 [2019]
• Middle East, North Africa
  • Lancet Global Health
    • Epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis in the Middle East and north Africa: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression [2019]
• Netherlands
  • BMC Family Practice
    • Partner notification and partner treatment for chlamydia: attitude and practice of general practitioners in the Netherlands; a landscape analysis [2017]
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • Barriers to and facilitators of partner notification for chlamydia trachomatis among health care professionals [2014]
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Repeat Chlamydia trachomatis testing among heterosexual STI outpatient clinic visitors in the Netherlands: a longitudinal study [2017]
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • Where to go to in chlamydia control? From infection control towards infectious disease control [2021]
• New Zealand
  • New Zealand Sexual Health Society
    • Chlamydia
• Norway
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Denominators count: supplementing surveillance data for genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection with testing data, Norway, 2007 to 2013 [2015]
• Panama
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • Prevalence and determinants of genital Chlamydia trachomatis among school-going, sexually experienced adolescents in urban and rural Indigenous regions of Panama [2021]
• Poland
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections in young adults – a school-based bio-behavioural study in urban areas, Poland, 2012 to 2015 [2018]
• Slovenia
  • Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica et Adriatica
    • Prevalence of and risk factors for sexually transmitted infection with Chlamydia trachomatis to guide control measures: findings from the Slovenian National Survey of Sexual Lifestyles, Attitudes, and Health in 2016-2017 [2021]
  • Slovenian Journal of Public Health
    • Under-reporting of sexually transmitted infection with chlamydia trachomatis - a revision of surveillance system is required [2016]
• Solomon Islands
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • Mass drug administration of azithromycin for trachoma reduces the prevalence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the Solomon Islands [2016]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis infection among reproductive age women in sub Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2018]
• Sweden
  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases
    • Changes in the Trend of Sexually Acquired Chlamydia Infections in Sweden and the Role of Testing: A Time Series Analysis [2021]
• Switzerland
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Who Is Best to Test? A Systematic Review of Chlamydia Infections in Switzerland [2020]
• United Kingdom
  • BMJ Open
    • An observational study to evaluate three pilot programmes of retesting chlamydia-positive individuals within 6 months in the South West of England [2015]
  • British Association for Sexual Health and HIV
    • Chlamydia 2015 [2015]
  • British Fertility Society
    • Impact of Chlamydia trachomatis in the reproductive setting: British Fertility Society Guidelines for Practice [2011]
  • Epidemiology & Infection
    • Has Chlamydia trachomatis prevalence in young women in England, Scotland and Wales changed? Evidence from national probability surveys [2019]
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Filling in the gaps: estimating numbers of chlamydia tests and diagnoses by age group and sex before and during the implementation of the English National Screening Programme, 2000 to 2012 [2017]
  • Public Health England
    • NCSP: audit reports and tools
    • Chlamydia: integrating screening into primary care and sexual health services
    • Chlamydia: guidance on reporting in CTAD and GUMCADv2
    • Chlamydia: commissioning internet based screening
    • Chlamydia screening in general practice and community pharmacies
    • Chlamydia detection rate: considerations for commissioning
    • Chlamydia Testing Activity Dataset: commissioning guidance
  • Right Decisions
    • Chlamydia CEG
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • Is chlamydia screening and testing in Britain reaching young adults at risk of infection? Findings from the third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3) [2015]
  • UK Health Security Agency
    • National Chlamydia Screening Programme (NCSP)
    • Chlamydia: surveillance, data, screening and management
    • CTAD Chlamydia Surveillance System
  • UK National Screening Committee
    • Chlamydia (adult)
• United States
  • Annals of Family Medicine
    • It’s Time to Expand Chlamydia Treatment for Gay and Bisexual Men [2021]
    • Impact of Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines on Screening for Chlamydia [2015]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Diagnosis and Management of Uncomplicated Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in Adolescents and Adults: Summary of Evidence Reviewed for the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines [2022]
    • Chlamydia
  • Clinical Infectious Diseases
    • Potential for Point-of-Care Tests to Reduce Chlamydia-associated Burden in the United States: A Mathematical Modeling Analysis [2020]
  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases
    • Costs, Health Benefits, and Cost-Effectiveness of Chlamydia Screening and Partner Notification in the United States, 2000-2019: A Mathematical Modeling Analysis [2023]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Updated recommendations for the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Treponema pallidum and new recommendations on syphilis testing and partner services: Web Annex B. Evidence-to-decision framework and systematic review to update the WHO treatment recommendations for Chlamydia trachomatis [2024]
    • WHO guidelines for the treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis [2016]
    • Chlamydia: Fact sheet
    • Chlamydia
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Sexually transmitted infections
    • Lymphogranuloma venereum
    • Chlamydia infection in pregnancy
    • Cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease

Genital warts, HPV vaccine for men

• Asia
  • Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
    • Acceptance of human papillomavirus vaccine among boys in Asia: A narrative review [2024]
• Australia
  • Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine
    • Anogenital warts
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Trends in genital warts by socioeconomic status after the introduction of the national HPV vaccination program in Australia: analysis of national hospital data [2016]
  • Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific
    • Genital warts trends in Australian and overseas-born people in Australia: A cross-sectional trend analysis to measure progress towards control and elimination [2021]
• Brazil
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Sex differences in the prevalence and determinants of HPV-related external genital lesions in young adults: a national cross-sectional survey in Brazil [2020]
  • Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical
    • Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: human papillomavirus (HPV) infection [2021]
• Canada
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • Human papillomavirus vaccination for boys [2015]
  • Public Health Agency of Canada
    • Anogenital warts guide
• China
  • Cancer Medicine
    • Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus and Genotype Distribution in Chinese Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2025]
  • Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
    • HPV vaccine information, knowledge, attitude, and recommendation intention among male college students in China [2023]
    • Awareness and acceptance of HPV vaccination for condyloma acuminata among men who have sex with men in China [2022]
  • Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine
    • Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous warts (2022) [2022]
• Czech Republic
  • International Journal of Infectious Diseases
    • Rates and predictors of genital warts burden in the Czech population [2015]
• Denmark
  • Clinical Infectious Diseases
    • Strongly Decreased Risk of Genital Warts After Vaccination Against Human Papillomavirus: Nationwide Follow-up of Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Girls in Denmark [2013]
  • United European Gastroenterology Journal
    • Increased risk of genital warts in inflammatory bowel disease: A Danish registry-based cohort study (1996-2018) [2022]
• Europe
  • BMC Cancer
    • Estimation of the epidemiological burden of human papillomavirus-related cancers and non-malignant diseases in men in Europe: a review [2012]
  • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
    • Guidance on HPV vaccination in EU countries: focus on boys, people living with HIV and 9-valent HPV vaccine introduction [2020]
  • International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • 2019 IUSTI-Europe guideline for the management of anogenital warts [2020]
• France
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Low vaccination coverage for human papillomavirus disease among young men who have sex with men, France, 2019 [2021]
• Germany
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Significant decline of HPV 6 infection and genital warts despite low HPV vaccination coverage in young women in Germany: a long-term prospective, cohort data analysis [2021]
    • Burden of HPV related anogenital diseases in young women in Germany – an analysis of German statutory health insurance claims data from 2012 to 2017 [2020]
• International
  • BMC Women's Health
    • Sexual dysfunction in women with genital warts: a systematic review [2023]
  • Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
    • A systematic review and thematic synthesis exploring how gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) experience HPV and HPV vaccination [2025]
  • Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology
    • Position statement for the diagnosis and management of anogenital warts [2019]
• Ireland
  • Health Information and Quality Authority
    • HTA of extending the HPV vaccination to boys [2018]
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Anogenital Warts
• Italy
  • BMC Public Health
    • Rome consensus conference - statement; human papilloma virus diseases in males [2013]
• New Zealand
  • New Zealand Herpes Foundation
    • External Genital Warts – Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis [2024]
  • New Zealand Sexual Health Society
    • Genital warts
• Peru
  • BMC Health Services Research
    • The Annual costs of treating genital warts in the Public Healthcare Sector in Peru [2021]
• Republic of Korea
  • Investigative and Clinical Urology
    • Prevalence and economic burden of male anogenital wart in Korea: A population-based big data analysis from 2007 to 2018 [2024]
    • Trends of genital wart in Korea according to treatment method classification: Big data analysis of health care in 2010-2019 [2023]
• Slovenia
  • Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica et Adriatica
    • Municipally sponsored human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination of boys in Slovenia: the first 4 years [2019]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Infectious Agents and Cancer
    • Prevalence, incidence and risk factors for anogenital warts in Sub Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta analysis [2013]
• Sweden
  • Vaccine
    • Substantially reduced incidence of genital warts in women and men six years after HPV vaccine availability in Sweden [2018]
• Turkey
  • Journal of Prevention
    • Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Male University Students in Turkey: Coverage Rate, Barriers, and Associated Factors [2023]
• United Kingdom
  • British Association for Sexual Health and HIV
    • British association for sexual health and HIV national guideline for the management of anogenital warts in adults (2024) [2024]
  • British Journal of General Practice
    • ‘Jabs for the boys’: time to deliver on HPV vaccination recommendations [2018]
  • Department of Health and Social Care
    • JCVI statement: extending the HPV vaccination programme
    • JCVI statement on HPV vaccination of men who have sex with men
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Implementation and evaluation of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination pilot for men who have sex with men (MSM), England, April 2016 to March 2017 [2019]
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • Imiquimod versus podophyllotoxin, with and without human papillomavirus vaccine, for anogenital warts: the HIPvac factorial RCT [2020]
  • Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
    • Challenges to optimising uptake and delivery of a HPV vaccination programme for men who have sex with men [2019]
  • Public Health Scotland
    • HPV vaccination statistics for men who have sex with men, Scotland
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • Epidemiology of genital warts in the British population: implications for HPV vaccination programmes [2019]
  • UK Health Security Agency
    • Vaccine update: issue 326, April 2022, HPV special edition [2022]
    • HPV vaccination programme for men who have sex with men (MSM)
• United States
  • Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention
    • Physicians’ Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Recommendations in the Context of Permissive Guidelines for Male Patients: A National Study [2014]
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Impacts of the US CDC recommendation on human papillomavirus vaccine uptake, 2010-2015 [2024]
  • Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
    • Review of human papillomavirus (HPV) burden and HPV vaccination for gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men and transgender women in the United States [2022]
  • JAMA Dermatology
    • Annual Health Care Utilization and Costs for Treatment of Cutaneous and Anogenital Warts Among a Commercially Insured Population in the US, 2017-2019 [2022]
  • JNCI Cancer Spectrum
    • Prevalence and concordance of oral and genital HPV by sexual orientation among US men [2023]
  • Journal of Infectious Diseases
    • Trends in the Prevalence of Anogenital Warts Among Patients at Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics—Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance Network, United States, 2010–2016 [2019]
  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases
    • Impact of number of HPV vaccine doses on genital warts diagnoses among a national cohort of U.S. adolescents [2017]
  • Skin Therapy Letter
    • Utility of the Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Management of HPV-associated Cutaneous Lesions [2021]
  • StatPearls
    • Genital Warts
  • Vaccines
    • Trends in HPV and HPV Vaccine Awareness among Gay and Bisexual Males in the U.S [2022]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Recommendations for the treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Candida albicans, bacterial vaginosis and human papillomavirus (anogenital warts): Web Annex E. Evidence-to-decision framework and systematic review for the WHO treatment recommendations for anogenital warts caused by human papillomavirus [2024]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Sexually transmitted infections
    • HIV/AIDS and human papillomavirus
    • Cervical cancer: vaccine

Gonorrhea

• Argentina
  • Emerging Infectious Diseases
    • Genomic Epidemiology of Azithromycin-Nonsusceptible Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Argentina, 2005–2019 [2021]
• Australia
  • Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine
    • Gonorrhoea
  • Department of Health and Aged Care
    • Review of 2005 Public Health Laboratory Network Neisseria gonorrhoeae nucleic acid amplification tests guidelines [2015]
    • Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme (AGSP) annual reports
  • Journal of Infectious Diseases
    • A Gonococcal Vaccine Has the Potential to Rapidly Reduce the Incidence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection Among Urban Men Who Have Sex With Men [2022]
  • NSW Health
    • Gonorrhoea control guideline
• Belarus
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates and gonorrhoea treatment in the Republic of Belarus, Eastern Europe, 2009–2019 [2021]
    • Antimicrobial susceptibility/resistance and NG-MAST characterisation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Belarus, Eastern Europe, 2010-2013 [2015]
• Brazil
  • JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance
    • National surveillance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial susceptibility and epidemiological data of gonorrhoea patients across Brazil, 2018–20 [2022]
• Canada
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Timing of Antibiotic Therapy for Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Infection [2024]
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • Management of gonococcal infection among adults and youth: New key recommendations [2015]
  • Emerging Infectious Diseases
    • Decline in Decreased Cephalosporin Susceptibility and Increase in Azithromycin Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Canada [2016]
  • Government of Alberta
    • Alberta public health notifiable disease management guidelines : gonorrhea
  • Public Health Agency of Canada
    • Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Canada, 2012–2016 [2019]
    • Addressing the rising rates of gonorrhea and drug-resistant gonorrhea: There is no time like the present [2019]
    • Gonorrhea in Canada, 2010–2015 [2018]
    • What are Canadian primary care physicians prescribing for the treatment of gonorrhea? [2017]
    • National Surveillance of Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Neisseria gonorrhoeae – 2015 [2017]
    • Gonorrhea guide: Key information and resources
    • Enhanced Surveillance of Antimicrobial-Resistant Gonorrhea System (ESAG)
  • Public Health Ontario
    • Gonorrhea
• China
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in China: a meta-analysis [2016]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Ceftriaxone-Resistant Gonorrhea — China, 2022 [2024]
  • Public Health
    • Prevalence and trend of gonorrhea in female sex workers and men having sex with men in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
• Denmark
  • BMJ Open
    • Recorded gonorrhoea rates in Denmark, 1900–2010: the impact of clinical testing activity and laboratory diagnostic procedures [2015]
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Gonorrhoea on the rise in Denmark since 2022: distinct clones drive increase in heterosexual individuals [2024]
    • Multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection with ceftriaxone resistance and intermediate resistance to azithromycin, Denmark, 2017 [2017]
• Europe
  • Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
    • Gonococcal resistance can be viewed productively as part of a syndemic of antimicrobial resistance: an ecological analysis of 30 European countries [2020]
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Associations between antimicrobial susceptibility/resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in European Union/European Economic Area and patients’ gender, sexual orientation and anatomical site of infection, 2009–2016 [2021]
    • The European gonococcal antimicrobial surveillance programme (Euro-GASP) appropriately reflects the antimicrobial resistance situation for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the European Union/European Economic Area [2019]
  • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
    • Gonorrhoea - Annual Epidemiological Report for 2023 [2025]
    • Gonococcal antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance in the EU/ EEA [2024]
    • Euro-GASP external quality assessment scheme for Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial susceptibility testing 2021 [2022]
    • Response plan to control and manage the threat of multi-and extensively drug-resistant gonorrhoea in Europe - Indicator monitoring 2019 [2021]
    • Response plan to control and manage the threat of multi- and extensively drug-resistant gonorrhoea in Europe [2019]
    • Gonorrhoea
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Sharp increase in gonorrhoea notifications among young people, EU/EEA, July 2022 to June 2023 [2024]
    • Epidemiology of gonorrhoea: systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions, World Health Organization European Region, 1949 to 2021 [2024]
    • The European response to control and manage multi- and extensively drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae [2022]
    • Emerging cephalosporin and multidrug-resistant gonorrhoea in Europe [2014]
  • International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • 2020 European guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhoea in adults [2020]
  • Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance
    • Gonorrhoea treatment combined with population-level general cephalosporin and quinolone consumption may select for Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance at the levels of NG-MAST genogroup: An ecological study in Europe [2020]
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from foreign-born population in the European Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme [2020]
• France
  • BMC Public Health
    • Trends and determinants of condomless sex in gonorrhoea patients diagnosed in France through the sentinel surveillance network ResIST, 2005–2014 [2020]
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Gonococcal infections and emergence of gonococcal decreased susceptibility to cephalosporins in France, 2001 to 2012 [2014]
• Germany
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Germany: low levels of cephalosporin resistance, but high azithromycin resistance [2018]
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Markedly decreasing azithromycin susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Germany, 2014 to 2021 [2021]
    • Molecular epidemiological typing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates identifies a novel association between genogroup G10557 (G7072) and decreased susceptibility to cefixime, Germany, 2014 to 2017 [2020]
    • Antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in south-west Germany, 2004 to 2015: increasing minimal inhibitory concentrations of tetracycline but no resistance to third-generation cephalosporins [2016]
• Hungary
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Incidence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from patients attending the national Neisseria gonorrhoeae reference laboratory of Hungary [2014]
• International
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Gonorrhoea: a systematic review of prevalence reporting globally [2021]
  • Drugs
    • Epidemiology, Treatments, and Vaccine Development for Antimicrobial-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Current Strategies and Future Directions [2021]
  • Emerging Infectious Diseases
    • Cooperative Recognition of Internationally Disseminated Ceftriaxone-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Strain [2018]
    • Strengthening Global Surveillance for Antimicrobial Drug–Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae through the Enhanced Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Program [2017]
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Surveillance systems to monitor antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a global, systematic review, 1 January 2012 to 27 September 2020 [2022]
  • PLoS Medicine
    • Multidrug-resistant gonorrhea: A research and development roadmap to discover new medicines [2017]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Developing target product profiles for Neisseria gonorrhoeae diagnostics in the context of antimicrobial resistance: An expert consensus [2020]
    • Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Global surveillance and a call for international collaborative action [2017]
    • Worldwide susceptibility rates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates to cefixime and cefpodoxime: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2014]
  • Sexual Health
    • World Health Organization Global Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (WHO GASP): review of new data and evidence to inform international collaborative actions and research efforts [2019]
    • Gonorrhoea: Tackling the Global Epidemic in the Era of Rising Antimicrobial Resistance [2019]
    • Epidemiology of Gonorrhea: A Global Perspective [2019]
  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases
    • Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis to Estimate the Treatment Effect and Inform a Noninferiority Margin for a Phase 3 Noninferiority Trial in Uncomplicated Urogenital Gonorrhea [2022]
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • Global epidemiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in infertile populations: systematic review, meta-analysis and metaregression [2020]
  • Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine
    • Global status of Azithromycin and Erythromycin Resistance Rates in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2022]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Gonorrhoea
• Italy
  • PLoS ONE
    • Time trend analysis (2009-2016) of antimicrobial susceptibility in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Italy following the introduction of the combined antimicrobial therapy [2017]
• Latin America
  • Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
    • Antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Latin American countries: a systematic review [2023]
• Latin America and the Caribbean
  • Pan American Health Organization
    • Neisseria gonorrhoeae Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance: Consolidated Guidance [2020]
• Netherlands
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Trends and regional variations of gonococcal antimicrobial resistance in the Netherlands, 2013 to 2019 [2022]
    • Trends and determinants of antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the Netherlands, 2007 to 2015 [2018]
    • Culture-free genotyping of Neisseria gonorrhoeae revealed distinct strains at different anatomical sites in a quarter of patients, the Netherlands, 2012 to 2016 [2018]
• New Zealand
  • New Zealand Sexual Health Society
    • Gonorrhoea
• Nordic countries
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Travel-associated gonorrhoea in four Nordic countries, 2008 to 2013 [2017]
• Norway
  • Microbial Genomics
    • Genomic epidemiology and population structure of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Norway, 2016–2017 [2020]
• Papua New Guinea
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • The Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Papua New Guinea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2022]
• Philippines
  • Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal
    • Genomic surveillance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the Philippines, 2013–2014 [2021]
• Poland
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Antimicrobial susceptibility/resistance and genetic characteristics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Poland, 2010-2012 [2014]
  • Przeglad Epidemiologiczny - Epidemiological Review
    • Gonorrhoea in 21st century--international and Polish situation [2014]
• Qatar
  • PLoS ONE
    • First characterisation of antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Qatar, 2017-2020 [2022]
• Republic of Korea
  • Investigative and Clinical Urology
    • 2023 Korean Association of Urogenital Tract Infection and Inflammation guidelines for gonococcal infection [2024]
• Russia
  • Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
    • Molecular epidemiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Russia, 2015-2023: current trends and forecasting [2025]
• Rwanda
  • International Journal of STD & AIDS
    • Antibiotic resistant Neisseria gonorrhea and changes to the 2019 Rwandan National STI Guidelines [2022]
• Spain
  • BMC Public Health
    • Gonorrhoea diagnoses in a network of STI clinics in Spain during the period 2006-2010: differences by sex and transmission route [2013]
• Sweden
  • Frontiers in Microbiology
    • First National Genomic Epidemiological Study of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Strains Spreading Across Sweden in 2016 [2022]
• Switzerland
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Decreased susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Switzerland to Cefixime and Ceftriaxone: antimicrobial susceptibility data from 1990 and 2000 to 2012 [2013]
• United Kingdom
  • British Association for Sexual Health and HIV
    • Gonorrhoea 2018 [2018]
  • British Journal of General Practice
    • Poor adherence to gonorrhoea treatment guidelines in general practice in England [2016]
  • Emerging Infectious Diseases
    • Genomic and Phenotypic Variability in Neisseria gonorrhoeae Antimicrobial Susceptibility, England [2020]
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Antimicrobial-resistant gonorrhoea: the national public health response, England, 2013 to 2020 [2022]
    • Antimicrobial resistance point-of-care testing for gonorrhoea treatment regimens: cost-effectiveness and impact on ceftriaxone use of five hypothetical strategies compared with standard care in England sexual health clinics [2020]
  • Health Technology Assessment
    • Gentamicin as an alternative to ceftriaxone in the treatment of gonorrhoea: the G-TOG non-inferiority RCT [2019]
  • Public Health England
    • Detection of gonorrhoea in England
  • Public Health Scotland
    • Gonococcal antibiotic surveillance in Scotland (GASS): prevalence, patterns and trends
  • Right Decisions
    • Gonorrhoea (Neisseria Gonorrhoea) CEG
  • Royal College of Pathologists
    • Identification of Neisseria species [2024]
  • UK Health Security Agency
    • Gonorrhoea: guidance, data and analysis
• United States
  • American Journal of Public Health
    • Gonorrhea Prevalence Among Young Women and Men Entering the National Job Training Program, 2000–2017 [2020]
    • Changes in Fluoroquinolone Use for Gonorrhea Following Publication of Revised Treatment Guidelines [2012]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Management of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United States: Summary of Evidence From the Development of the 2020 Gonorrhea Treatment Recommendations and the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Infection Treatment Guidelines [2022]
    • Update to CDC's Treatment Guidelines for Gonococcal Infection, 2020 [2020]
    • Adherence to CDC Recommendations for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Gonorrhea — STD Surveillance Network, United States, 2016 [2018]
    • Neisseria gonorrhoeae Antimicrobial Susceptibility Surveillance — The Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project, 27 Sites, United States, 2014 [2016]
    • Health Alert Template for Gonorrhea with Reduced Susceptibility
    • Health Alert Template for Disseminated Gonococcal Infection (DGI)
    • Gonorrhea
  • JAMA
    • Trends in Neisseria gonorrhoeae susceptibility to cephalosporins in the United States, 2006–2014 [2015]
  • Journal of Urban Health
    • Diverging Neisseria gonorrhoeae Morbidity in Non-Hispanic Black and White Females: Application of Group-Based Trajectory Modeling to Trends in County-Level Morbidity 2003-2018 [2023]
  • Lancet Microbe
    • Effects of doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis for prevention of sexually transmitted infections on gonorrhoea prevalence and antimicrobial resistance among men who have sex with men in the USA: a modelling study [2024]
  • PLOS Computational Biology
    • Evaluating spatially adaptive guidelines for the treatment of gonorrhea to reduce the incidence of gonococcal infection and increase the effective lifespan of antibiotics [2022]
  • PLoS Medicine
    • Assessing thresholds of resistance prevalence at which empiric treatment of gonorrhea should change among men who have sex with men in the US: A cost-effectiveness analysis [2024]
    • Adaptive guidelines for the treatment of gonorrhea to increase the effective life span of antibiotics among men who have sex with men in the United States: A mathematical modeling study [2020]
  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases
    • Genomic Analysis of the Predominant Strains and Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants Within 1479 Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates From the US Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project in 2018 [2021]
    • Demographic and epidemiological characteristics associated with reduced antimicrobial susceptibility to Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United States, Strengthening the U.S. Response to Resistant Gonorrhea (SURRG), 2018–2019 [2021]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Updated recommendations for the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Treponema pallidum and new recommendations on syphilis testing and partner services: Web Annex A. Evidence-to-decision framework and systematic review to update the WHO treatment recommendations for Neisseria gonorrhoea [2024]
    • Enhanced Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (EGASP): surveillance report 2023 [2024]
    • Enhanced Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (EGASP): surveillance report 2022 [2024]
    • Enhanced Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (EGASP): supplementary protocols [2023]
    • WHO preferred product characteristics for gonococcal vaccines [2021]
    • WHO guidelines for the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae [2016]
    • Global action plan to control the spread and impact of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae [2012]
    • Emergence of multi-drug resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae : threat of global rise in untreatable sexually transmitted infections [2011]
    • WHO Gonococcal AMR Surveillance Programme (WHO-GASP)
    • Stopping multi-drug resistant gonorrhoea
    • Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals)
    • Multi-drug resistant gonorrhoea: Fact sheet
    • Gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection): Fact sheet
    • Gonorrhoea
    • Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (GASP)
    • Diagnostics for gonococcal antimicrobial resistance
• WHO Western Pacific Region
  • WHO Western Pacific Region
    • Gonococcal antimicrobial resistance in the Western Pacific Region [fact sheet] [2017]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Sexually transmitted infections
    • Gonorrhea in pregnancy and newborn
    • Cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease

Granuloma inguinale

• Australia
  • Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine
    • Donovanosis
• United States
  • Medical Surveillance Monthly Report
    • Surveillance Snapshot: Donovanosis Among Active Component Service Members, U.S. Armed Forces, 2011–2020 [2021]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Sexually transmitted infections

Herpes

• Africa
  • Journal of Infection
    • Herpes simplex virus type 1 epidemiology in Africa: Systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions [2019]
• Asia
  • Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific
    • Epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 2 in Asia: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression [2021]
• Australia
  • Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine
    • Genital herpes simplex virus (HSV)
• Australia, Canada, New Zealand
  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases
    • Epidemiology of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand: Systematic Review, Meta-Analyses, and Meta-Regressions [2022]
• Australia, New Zealand
  • Epidemiology & Infection
    • Epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 1 and genital herpes in Australia and New Zealand: systematic review, meta-analyses and meta-regressions [2023]
• Canada
  • BC Centre for Disease Control
    • Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
  • Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology
    • Genital herpes in Canada: Deciphering the hidden epidemic [2012]
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 1 in Canada: systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions [2023]
  • Public Health Agency of Canada
    • Genital herpes guide: Key information and resources
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Genital Herpes: Gynaecological Aspects [2017]
• China
  • AIDS Research and Therapy
    • Prevalence of herpes simplex virus 2 among MSM in Mainland China: a systematic review and meta-synthesis [2022]
  • Frontiers in Immunology
    • Disparities in burden of herpes simplex virus type 2 in China: systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions [2024]
• Eastern Europe
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis of genital herpes in eastern European countries [2010]
• Europe
  • BMJ Global Health
    • Herpes simplex virus type 1 in Europe: systematic review, meta-analyses and meta-regressions [2020]
  • International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • 2024 European guidelines for the management of genital herpes [2025]
• International
  • BMJ Global Health
    • The global and regional burden of genital ulcer disease due to herpes simplex virus: a natural history modelling study [2020]
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Herpes simplex virus: global infection prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016 [2020]
  • Lancet Infectious Diseases
    • Global and regional estimates of the contribution of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection to HIV incidence: a population attributable fraction analysis using published epidemiological data [2020]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Genital Herpes
• Latin America and the Caribbean
  • PLoS ONE
    • Herpes simplex virus type 1 epidemiology in Latin America and the Caribbean: Systematic review and meta-analytics [2019]
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • Epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 2 in Latin America and the Caribbean: systematic review, meta-analyses and metaregressions [2021]
• Low and middle income countries
  • BMJ Global Health
    • Twenty years of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) research in low-income and middle-income countries: systematic evaluation of progress made in addressing WHO prioritiesfor research in HSV-2 epidemiology and diagnostics [2024]
  • PLoS Medicine
    • Estimated economic burden of genital herpes and HIV attributable to herpes simplex virus type 2 infections in 90 low- and middle-income countries: A modeling study [2022]
• Middle East, North Africa
  • Scientific Reports
    • Herpes simplex virus type 1 epidemiology in the Middle East and North Africa: systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions [2019]
• Netherlands
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in the Netherlands: seroprevalence, risk factors and changes during a 12-year period [2016]
• New Zealand
  • New Zealand Herpes Foundation
    • Guidelines for the Management of Genital Herpes in Aotearoa New Zealand [2024]
  • New Zealand Sexual Health Society
    • Herpes
• Nigeria
  • Pathogens and Global Health
    • Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analyses [2019]
• South Africa
  • EBioMedicine
    • The population impact of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) vaccination on the incidence of HSV-2, HIV and genital ulcer disease in South Africa: a mathematical modelling study [2023]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Prevalence and Incidence Estimation of HSV-2 by Two IgG ELISA Methods among South African Women at High Risk of HIV [2015]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • EClinicalMedicine
    • Epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 2 in sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions [2021]
• Taiwan
  • PLoS ONE
    • Seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and 2 in Taiwan and Risk Factor Analysis, 2007 [2015]
• United Kingdom
  • British Association for Sexual Health and HIV
    • British Association of Sexual Health and HIV UK national guideline for the management of anogenital herpes, 2024 [2024]
  • Prescriber
    • Management of genital herpes: a guide for GPs [2018]
  • Public Health England
    • Genital herpes
• United States
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Serological Screening for Genital Herpes: A Reaffirmation Evidence Update for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force [2023]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Diagnosis and Management of Genital Herpes: Key Questions and Review of the Evidence for the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines [2022]
    • Genital Herpes
  • Open Forum Infectious Diseases
    • Analytic Characterization of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Epidemic in the United States, 1950–2050 [2021]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Characterizing herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 seroprevalence declines and epidemiological association in the United States [2019]
  • StatPearls
    • Herpes Simplex Type 2
    • Acyclovir
  • U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
    • Genital Herpes Infection: Serologic Screening [2023]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO preferred product characteristics for herpes simplex virus vaccines [2019]
    • WHO guidelines for the treatment of Genital Herpes Simplex Virus [2016]
    • Herpes simplex virus: Fact sheet
    • Herpes Simplex Virus (Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals)
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Vulvitis, vaginitis
    • Sexually transmitted infections
    • Herpes infections in pregnancy and newborn

Lymphogranuloma venereum

• Australia
  • Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine
    • Lymphogranuloma venereum
  • Department of Health and Aged Care
    • Epidemiology of lymphogranuloma venereum in New South Wales, 2006-2015 [2019]
  • NSW Health
    • Lymphogranuloma control guidelines
• Belgium
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Lymphogranuloma venereum is on the rise in Belgium among HIV negative men who have sex with men: surveillance data from 2011 until the end of June 2017 [2018]
• Canada
  • BC Centre for Disease Control
    • Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • Approach to lymphogranuloma venereum [2016]
  • CMAJ
    • Lymphogranuloma venereum [2021]
  • Public Health Agency of Canada
    • Lymphogranuloma venereum in Quebec: Re-emergence among men who have sex with men [2018]
    • Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) in Canada
• Czech Republic
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Steady increase of lymphogranuloma venereum cases, Czech Republic, 2010 to 2015 [2016]
• Europe
  • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
    • Lymphogranuloma venereum - Annual Epidemiological Report for 2023 [2025]
    • Lymphogranuloma venereum
  • International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • 2019 European guideline on the management of lymphogranuloma venereum [2019]
  • Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology
    • 2013 European guideline on the management of lymphogranuloma venereum [2015]
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • Substantial underdiagnosis of lymphogranuloma venereum in men who have sex with men in Europe: preliminary findings from a multicentre surveillance pilot [2020]
• France
  • Emerging Infectious Diseases
    • Changing Pattern of Chlamydia trachomatis Strains in Lymphogranuloma Venereum Outbreak, France, 2010–2015 [2016]
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Anorectal lymphogranuloma venereum among men who have sex with men: a 3-year nationwide survey, France, 2020 to 2022 [2024]
• Hungary
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Emergence of the lymphogranuloma venereum L2c genovariant, Hungary, 2012 to 2016 [2017]
• Malta
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) in men who have sex with men (MSM): a re-emerging problem, Malta, 2018 [2018]
• Netherlands
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Increasing trends of lymphogranuloma venereum among HIV-negative and asymptomatic men who have sex with men, the Netherlands, 2011 to 2017 [2020]
• United Kingdom
  • British Association for Sexual Health and HIV
    • 2013 UK National Guideline for the management of lymphogranuloma venereum [2013]
  • Emerging Infectious Diseases
    • Rapid Increase in Lymphogranuloma Venereum among HIV-Negative Men Who Have Sex with Men, England, 2019 [2021]
    • Asymptomatic Lymphogranuloma Venereum in Men who Have Sex with Men, United Kingdom [2016]
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Rapid increase in lymphogranuloma venereum in men who have sex with men, United Kingdom, 2003 to September 2015 [2015]
  • Public Health England
    • Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV): referral of specimens policy
    • Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV): guidance, data and analysis
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • Risk factors for rectal lymphogranuloma venereum in gay men: results of a multicentre case-control study in the UK [2014]
    • Clinical predictors of rectal lymphogranuloma venereum infection: results from a multicentre case–control study in the UK [2014]
• United States
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Health Alert Template for Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)
  • Clinical Infectious Diseases
    • Lymphogranuloma Venereum 2015: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment [2015]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Chlamydia infections

Male genital infections

• Australia
  • Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine
    • Urethritis - penile
    • Epididymo-orchitis
• Canada
  • BC Centre for Disease Control
    • Epididymitis
  • Canadian Urological Association Journal
    • Management of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome [2018]
  • Public Health Agency of Canada
    • Urethritis
• Europe
  • International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • 2022 European guideline for the management of balanoposthitis [2022]
    • The 2016 European guideline on the management of epididymo-orchitis [2017]
• France
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Estimate of male urethritis incidences in France between 2007 and 2017 with a specific focus on Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Trichomonas vaginalis infections [2019]
• Germany
  • GMS German Medical Science
    • Prevalence and treatment of sexually transmitted infections in men followed by urologists in Germany – a cross sectional study with 347,090 men [2018]
  • JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft
    • German evidence- and consensus-based guideline on the management of penile urethritis [2025]
• International
  • Cureus
    • Contemporary Management of Chronic Prostatitis [2021]
  • Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
    • A systematic review of cross-cultural adaptation of the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index [2021]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Acute Prostatitis
    • Acute Epididymo-orchitis
• Japan
  • Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy
    • The JAID/JSC guidelines to Clinical Management of Infectious Disease 2017 concerning male urethritis and related disorders [2021]
• New Zealand
  • Best Practice Advocacy Centre New Zealand
    • Prostatitis: diagnosis and management in primary care [2023]
  • New Zealand Sexual Health Society
    • Epididymo-orchitis
• Republic of Korea
  • Investigative and Clinical Urology
    • Epidemiology of mumps, mumps complications, and mumps orchitis in Korea using the National Health Insurance Service database [2023]
• Taiwan
  • Medicine
    • The association between epididymo-orchitis and prostate cancer [2019]
• United Kingdom
  • BJU International
    • Diagnosis and treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a consensus guideline [2015]
  • British Association for Sexual Health and HIV
    • United Kingdom British association for sexual health and HIV national guideline for the management of epididymo-orchitis, 2020 [2021]
    • NGU 2015 [2015]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Prostatitis (acute): antimicrobial prescribing [2018]
  • Primary Care Dermatology Society
    • Balanitis
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Surgical approaches to the urogenital manifestations of lymphatic filariasis. Report from an informal consultation among experts [2019]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Sexually transmitted infections
    • Male infertility
    • Male genital diseases

Molluscum contagiosum

• Canada
  • BC Centre for Disease Control
    • Molluscum Contagiosum
• Europe
  • International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • 2020 European guideline on the management of genital molluscum contagiosum [2020]
• Germany
  • PLoS ONE
    • Seroprevalence of Molluscum contagiosum Virus in German and UK Populations [2014]
• United Kingdom
  • British Association for Sexual Health and HIV
    • British Association for Sexual Health and HIV national guideline for the management of Genital Molluscum in adults (2021) [2022]
  • Primary Care Dermatology Society
    • Molluscum contagiosum
• United States
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Molluscum Contagiosum
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Sexually transmitted infections

Pediculosis

• Canada
  • BC Centre for Disease Control
    • Pediculosis pubis (Pubic Lice)
• Europe
  • International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • European Guideline for the Management of Pediculosis pubis [2017]
• United Kingdom
  • Primary Care Dermatology Society
    • Pubic lice
• United States
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Treatment of Pubic Lice
    • Pubic "Crab" Lice
    • Lice
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Sexually transmitted infections

Scabies

• Australia
  • Australian Family Physician
    • Scabies: A clinical update [2017]
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • Scabies: A concise synopsis [2024]
  • PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
    • Scabies in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations in Australia: A narrative review [2021]
• Canada
  • BC Centre for Disease Control
    • Scabies
  • Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health
    • Ivermectin for Parasitic Skin Infections of Scabies: A Review of Comparative Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness, and Guidelines [2019]
• Croatia
  • Slovenian Journal of Public Health
    • An Increasing Scabies Incidence in Croatia: A Call for Coordinated Action Among Dermatologists, Physicians and Epidemiologists [2020]
• Ethiopia
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Prevalence and associated factors of scabies in Ethiopia: systematic review and Meta-analysis [2020]
• Europe
  • International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • European Guideline for the Management of Scabies [2017]
• Fiji
  • PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
    • Costs of mass drug administration for scabies in Fiji [2022]
• Germany
  • Deutsches Ärzteblatt International
    • Scabies: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment [2021]
  • Infection
    • The national burden of scabies in Germany: a population-based approach using Internet search engine data [2022]
• Greece
  • PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
    • Scabies epidemiology in health care centers for refugees and asylum seekers in Greece [2022]
• International
  • Emerging Microbes & Infections
    • Trends in prevalence and incidence of scabies from 1990 to 2017: findings from the global Burden of disease study 2017 [2020]
  • International Alliance for the Control of Scabies
    • The 2020 International Alliance for the Control of Scabies Consensus Criteria for the Diagnosis of Scabies [2020]
    • Consensus criteria for the diagnosis of scabies: A Delphi study of international experts [2018]
  • Medicine
    • The current available diagnostic tools and treatments of scabies and scabies variants: An updated narrative review [2023]
  • PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
    • A framework for scabies control [2021]
• Ireland
  • Health Protection Surveillance Centre
    • Scabies
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Scabies (sarcoptes scabiei)
• Netherlands
  • PLoS ONE
    • Increasing incidence of reported scabies infestations in the Netherlands, 2011–2021 [2022]
• New Zealand
  • Best Practice Advocacy Centre New Zealand
    • Scabies: diagnosis and management [2022]
• Norway
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Increase of scabies infestations, Norway, 2006 to 2018 [2019]
• Republic of Korea
  • PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
    • Prevalence of scabies in long-term care hospitals in South Korea [2020]
• Samoa
  • PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
    • Scabies prevalence after ivermectin-based mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis, Samoa 2018-2019 [2023]
• Singapore
  • Singapore Medical Journal
    • Management of scabies [2019]
• Solomon Islands
  • Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
    • Health-related quality of life impact of scabies in the Solomon Islands [2022]
• South-East Asia, Western Pacific
  • BMC Public Health
    • Estimation of scabies prevalence using simplified criteria and mapping procedures in three Pacific and southeast Asian countries [2021]
• Spain
  • PLoS ONE
    • Scabies in Spain? A comprehensive epidemiological picture [2021]
• United Kingdom
  • British Association for Sexual Health and HIV
    • 2016 UK National Guideline on the Management of Scabies [2016]
  • Primary Care Dermatology Society
    • Scabies
  • Right Decisions
    • Scabies therapeutic management, Acute & Primary Care
  • UK Health Security Agency
    • Scabies: management advice for health professionals
• United States
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Scabies | CDC Yellow Book 2024
    • Scabies
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Target Product Profiles (TPP) for the development of new diagnostic tools to start and stop mass drug administration for scabies [2022]
    • Scabies: Fact sheet
• WHO Western Pacific Region
  • WHO Western Pacific Region
    • WHO informal consultation on a framework for scabies control, meeting report World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines, 19–21 February 2019 [2020]
    • Scabies
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Sexually transmitted infections

Sexually transmitted infections

• Americas
  • Pan American Health Organization
    • Final Statement. Advisory Meeting: Integrating and strengthening responses to mpox, syphilis, and other STIs on the road to elimination. São Paulo, 3–4 April 2024 [2024]
    • New Generations Free of HIV, Syphilis, Hepatitis B, and Chagas Disease in the Americas. ETMI Plus [2019]
    • Sexually Transmitted Infections
• Asia
  • WHO Western Pacific Region
    • Expert Consultation on Advancing Implementation Research on Syphilis, HIV and Hepatitis in Asia, Guangzhou, China, 23-25 September 2017 : meeting report [2017]
• Asia-Pacific
  • WHO Western Pacific Region
    • National HIV, Hepatitis and STI Programme Managers Meeting for Selected Asian and Pacific Island Countries, Manila, Philippines, 27-30 June 2017 : meeting report [2017]
    • Regional assessment of HIV, STI and other health needs of transgender people in Asia and the Pacific [2013]
• Australia
  • Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine
    • Mycoplasma genitalium
  • Australian Prescriber
    • Updating the management of sexually transmitted infections [2015]
• Brazil
  • Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical
    • Public policies on sexually transmitted infections in Brazil [2021]
    • Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted infections 2020: approaching sexually active individuals [2021]
    • Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2020: sexually transmitted enteric infections [2021]
    • Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2020: infections that cause urethral discharge [2021]
    • Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2020: infections that cause genital ulcers [2021]
    • Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection [2021]
• Canada
  • BC Centre for Disease Control
    • Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • CMAJ
    • A practical approach to the diagnosis and management of chlamydia and gonorrhea [2023]
  • Government of Alberta
    • Alberta sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections strategic framework 2018-2021
  • Manitoba Health, Seniors and Long-Term Care
    • Sexually Transmitted Infections and Bloodborne Pathogens
  • Public Health Agency of Canada
    • Stigma and sexually transmitted infections [2018]
    • Sexual Health and Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • Canadian Guidelines on Sexually Transmitted Infections
  • Public Health Ontario
    • Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
• Europe
  • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
    • Progress towards reaching the Sustainable Development Goal 3.3 related to HIV, TB, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections in the EU/EEA [2025]
    • Evidence brief: Progress towards reaching the Sustainable Development Goal 3.3 targets related to HIV, TB, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections in the European Union and European Economic Area [2025]
    • Sexually transmitted infections
  • International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • IUSTI 2024 European guidelines for the management of partners of persons with sexually transmitted infections [2024]
    • 2018 European guideline on the organization of a consultation for sexually transmitted infections [2019]
    • 2016 European guideline on Mycoplasma genitalium infections [2016]
  • WHO European Region
    • Regional action plans for ending AIDS and the epidemics of viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections 2022–2030 [2023]
    • Disruption in services for HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections during the COVID-19 pandemic in the WHO European Region: a scoping review [2022]
    • Consultation on the global health sector strategies on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) 2022-2030: virtual meeting report: Copenhagen, Denmark and online 16-17 June 2021 [2022]
• Germany
  • Deutsches Ärzteblatt International
    • The Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections [2016]
• India
  • PLoS ONE
    • Vulnerability to Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) / Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among adolescent girls and young women in India: A rapid review [2024]
• International
  • Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia
    • Genital ulcers caused by sexually transmitted agents [2022]
  • BMJ Open
    • Viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in body fluids associated with sexual activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
    • Systematic review of the literature on viral persistence and sexual transmission from recovered Ebola survivors: evidence and recommendations [2016]
  • Journal of Medical Internet Research
    • Web-Based Service Provision of HIV, Viral Hepatitis, and Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention, Testing, Linkage, and Treatment for Key Populations: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2022]
  • Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
    • Association between the infections of Trichomonas vaginalis and uterine cervical human papillomavirus: a meta-analysis [2023]
  • New England Journal of Medicine
    • Ebola RNA Persistence in Semen of Ebola Virus Disease Survivors [2017]
  • PLoS Medicine
    • The Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections [2017]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Costing of National STI Program Implementation for the Global STI Control Strategy for the Health Sector, 2016-2021 [2017]
  • UNAIDS
    • UNAIDS information/guidance note on the mpox response [2024]
    • The BBS-lite: A methodology for monitoring programmes providing HIV, viral hepatitis and sexual health services to people from key populations — UNAIDS–WHO 2024 Implementation Tool [2024]
    • Innovate, Implement, Integrate: Virtual interventions in response to HIV, sexually transmitted infections and viral hepatitis [2022]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Approach to an STI consultation in Primary Care
• Latin America and the Caribbean
  • Pan American Health Organization
    • Framework for Monitoring HIV/STI Services for Key Populations in Latin America and the Caribbean [2019]
• Lusophone countries
  • World Health Organization
    • Eliminating HIV, viral hepatitis, sexually transmitted infections and tuberculosis as public health problems by 2030 in lusophone countries [2024]
• New Zealand
  • New Zealand Sexual Health Society
    • NZ STI Guidelines
• Nigeria
  • WHO African Region
    • Global health sector strategy on sexually transmitted infections 2016–2021: implementation framework for the African Region [2017]
• Pacific Islands
  • PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
    • Chlamydial and gonorrheal neglected sexually transmitted diseases among Pacific Islanders of the Western Pacific Region-A narrative review and call to action [2023]
• Papua New Guinea
  • BMJ Open
    • Performance of syndromic management for the detection and treatment of genital Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis among women attending antenatal, well woman and sexual health clinics in Papua New Guinea: a cross-sectional study [2017]
• Republic of Korea
  • Investigative and Clinical Urology
    • Korean sexually transmitted infection guidelines 2023 revision, guideline update of viral infections: Genital herpes and anogenital warts [2024]
    • 2023 Korean sexually transmitted infections guidelines for non-gonococcal bacterial infection (chlamydia, syphilis, etc.) by the Korean Association of Urogenital Tract Infection and Inflammation [2024]
  • Journal of Korean Medical Science
    • Applying the RE-AIM Framework to Evaluate the Dissemination and Implementation of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Sexually Transmitted Infections [2015]
• South Africa
  • Journal of Adolescent Health
    • Comparing the Integration of Syndromic versus Etiological Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections Into HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Services for Adolescent Girls and Young Women, in South Africa [2023]
  • Southern African HIV Clinicians Society
    • Southern African HIV Clinicians Society 2022 guideline for the management of sexually transmitted infections: Moving towards best practice [2022]
• Spain
  • Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas
    • AEDV Expert Recommendations on the Management of Suppurative Sexually Transmitted Infections [2025]
    • AEDV Expert Document on the Management of Ulcerative Venereal Infections [2025]
    • Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV) expert recommendations for the management of sexual transmitted parasitosis. Scabies, and pediculosis pubis [2024]
    • Expert Recommendations from the AEDV on Legal Aspects Surrounding the Management of Sexually Transmitted Diseases [2024]
    • AEDV Expert Consensus Document on the Organization of a Multidisciplinary Unit for Patients With or at Risk of Venereal Infections [2024]
• Sri Lanka
  • Ministry of Health Sri Lanka
    • Sexually Transmitted Infections Management Guidelines [2019]
• Tajikistan
  • Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation
    • The costs of a sexually transmitted infection outreach and treatment programme targeting most at risk youth in Tajikistan [2009]
• United Kingdom
  • BMJ Open
    • Diagnosis and treatment of chlamydia and gonorrhoea in general practice in England 2000–2011: a population-based study using data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink [2015]
  • British Association for Sexual Health and HIV
    • British Association of Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) United Kingdom national guideline for the management of sexually transmitted enteric infections 2023 [2023]
    • BASHH position statement on the inappropriate use of multiplex testing platforms and suboptimal antibiotic treatment regimens for bacterial sexually transmitted infections [2021]
    • Mycoplasma Genitalium 2018 [2018]
  • Public Health England
    • Promoting the sexual health and wellbeing of people from a Black Caribbean background: an evidence-based resource
    • Promoting the sexual health and wellbeing of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men
  • UK Health Security Agency
    • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): migrant health guide
    • STI Prioritisation Framework
    • Investigating and managing outbreaks of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
• United States
  • American Family Physician
    • Sexually Transmitted Infections: Updates From the 2021 CDC Guidelines [2022]
    • Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infections: Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment [2022]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Prevalence and Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Correctional Settings: A Systematic Review [2022]
    • Recommendations for Providing Quality Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinical Services, 2020 [2020]
    • Confidentiality Issues and Use of Sexually Transmitted Disease Services Among Sexually Experienced Persons Aged 15–25 Years — United States, 2013–2015 [2017]
    • Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
  • Clinical Infectious Diseases
    • A Position Statement on Mpox as a Sexually Transmitted Disease [2023]
  • Guttmacher Institute
    • United States HIV & STIs
  • Journal of Infectious Diseases
    • The Estimated Lifetime Quality-Adjusted Life-Years Lost Due to Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Trichomoniasis in the United States in 2018 [2023]
  • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
    • Sexually Transmitted Infections: Adopting a Sexual Health Paradigm [2021]
  • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
    • Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
  • New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute
    • Prevention and Treatment of Mpox [2024]
    • Mycoplasma genitalium Management in Adults [2022]
  • StatPearls
    • Sexually Transmitted Infections
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • WHO global research priorities for sexually transmitted infections [2024]
    • Updated recommendations for the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Treponema pallidum and new recommendations on syphilis testing and partner services: Web Annex F. Evidence-to-decision framework and summary of findings tables for sexually transmitted infection (STI) partner services [2024]
    • Updated recommendations for the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Treponema pallidum and new recommendations on syphilis testing and partner services [2024]
    • Recommended package of interventions for HIV, viral hepatitis and STI prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for sex workers [2024]
    • Recommended package of interventions for HIV, viral hepatitis and STI prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for men who have sex with men [2024]
    • Mobilize for action on sexually transmitted infections – Berlin meeting report, October 2023 [2024]
    • Implementing the global health sector strategies on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections, 2022–2030: report on progress and gaps 2024 [2024]
    • Implementing the global health sector strategies on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections, 2022–2030: Report on progress and gaps 2024, second edition [2024]
    • Framework for monitoring sexually transmitted infections and strengthening surveillance [2024]
    • Recommended package of interventions for HIV, viral hepatitis and STI prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for people who inject drugs: policy brief [2023]
    • Policy brief on integrating related infections into HIV surveillance systems [2023]
    • Guide to conducting programme reviews for HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections [2023]
    • Guidance for national strategic planning: health sector response to HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections [2023]
    • Policy brief: Consolidated guidelines on HIV, viral hepatitis and STI prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for key populations [2022]
    • Global health sector strategies on, respectively, HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections for the period 2022-2030 [2022]
    • Consolidated guidelines on HIV, viral hepatitis and STI prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for key populations [2022]
    • Guidelines for the management of symptomatic sexually transmitted infections [2021]
    • Global progress report on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections, 2021 [2021]
    • Assessment of country implementation of the WHO global health sector strategy for sexually transmitted infections (2016 –2021): results of a national survey [2021]
    • Accelerating the global Sexually Transmitted Infections response: report on the first informal Think-Tank meeting [2021]
    • Sexually transmitted infections: Evidence brief [2019]
    • Sexually transmitted infections: implementing the global STI strategy [2017]
    • Global health sector strategy on Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2016-2021 [2016]
    • Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) [2013]
    • Expert consultation and review of the latest evidence to update guidelines for the management of sexually transmitted infections [2011]
    • Sexually transmitted and other reproductive tract infections. A guide to essential practice [2005]
    • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): Fact sheet
    • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
    • Global Sexually Transmitted Infections Programme
    • Global HIV, Hepatitis and STIs Programmes
• WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
  • WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
    • Regional action plan for the implementation of the global health sector strategies on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections, 2022-2030 [2024]
• WHO South-East Asia Region
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Control of sexually transmitted infections and global elimination targets, South-East Asia Region [2021]
  • WHO South-East Asia Region
    • The annual meeting of the Strategic and Technical Advisory Group on viral hepatitis, HIV and STI (STAG-HHS) in South-East Asia Region, jointly with the National Programme Managers Consultation, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 13-15 June 2023 [2024]
    • Integrated Regional Action Plan for viral hepatitis, HIV and sexually transmitted infections in South-East Asia, 2022–2026 [2022]
    • Sexually transmitted infections
• WHO Western Pacific Region
  • WHO Western Pacific Region
    • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
    • HIV, Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Vulvitis, vaginitis
    • Syphilis
    • Sexually transmitted infections: treatment
    • Sexually transmitted infections: screening, diagnosis
    • Sexually transmitted infections: prevention
    • Sexually transmitted infections: epidemiology
    • Sexually transmitted infections in pregnancy
    • Scabies
    • Pediculosis
    • Molluscum contagiosum
    • Male genital infections
    • Infertility, miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy
    • Herpes
    • Hepatitis
    • HIV/AIDS in children and adolescents
    • HIV/AIDS
    • Granuloma inguinale
    • Gonorrhea
    • Genital warts, HPV vaccine for men
    • Chlamydia infections
    • Chancroid
    • Cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease
    • Adolescent reproductive health, adolescent gynecology

Sexually transmitted infections: epidemiology

• Australia
  • Department of Health and Aged Care
    • Sexually Transmitted Infections in Melbourne, Australia from 1918 to 2016: nearly a century of data [2017]
    • National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System surveillance report: Sexually transmissible infections in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people [2015]
• Bangladesh
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Prevalence and Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Behavioral Risk Factors of Self-Reported Symptoms of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) among Ever-Married Women: Evidence from Nationally Representative Surveys in Bangladesh [2022]
• Belgium
  • BMJ Open
    • Four sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Belgian general practice: first results (2013–2014) of a nationwide continuing surveillance study [2017]
  • Primary Health Care Research & Development
    • Sexually transmitted infections in Belgian general practices: a nationwide continuing surveillance study, data from 2015 to 2020 [2024]
• Brazil
  • BMC Public Health
    • Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and syphilis among men who have sex with men in Brazil [2015]
  • Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical
    • Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: epidemiological surveillance [2021]
• Canada
  • Public Health Agency of Canada
    • Sexually transmitted and blood-borne infection (STBBI) indicator framework
• Central Asia, Europe
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Surveillance and epidemiology of syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia in the non-European Union countries of the World Health Organization European Region, 2015 to 2020 [2022]
• China
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiology of STDs in China: based on the GM (1,1) model [2022]
    • Sustained high prevalence of viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections among female sex workers in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2016]
  • BMC Medicine
    • The epidemic of sexually transmitted infections in China: implications for control and future perspectives [2011]
  • BMJ Open
    • Using Baidu search index to monitor and predict newly diagnosed cases of HIV/AIDS, syphilis and gonorrhea in China: estimates from a vector autoregressive (VAR) model [2020]
  • Medical Science Monitor
    • Trends in the Epidemiology of Sexually Transmitted Disease, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Gonorrhea, and Syphilis, in the 31 Provinces of Mainland China [2019]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Sexually Transmitted Infections among Heterosexual Male Clients of Female Sex Workers in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2013]
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • Partner notification uptake for sexually transmitted infections in China: a systematic literature review [2012]
• Colombia
  • Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
    • Prevalence and incidence estimates for syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and congenital syphilis in Colombia, 1995–2016 [2018]
• East Africa
  • BMJ Open
    • Self-reported sexually transmitted infections and associated factors among sexually active men in East Africa: a multilevel analysis of recent demographic and health surveys [2025]
• Ethiopia
  • BMC Public Health
    • Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections, and its associated factors among students in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis study [2024]
• Europe
  • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
    • A systematic review of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, and syphilis prevalence in Europe [2024]
    • Annual epidemiological report 2014 - Sexually transmitted infections, including HIV and blood-borne viruses [2015]
  • European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases
    • The prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) at testing centers in Belgium, Germany, Spain, and the UK using the cobas TV/MG molecular assay [2023]
• France
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Mpox outbreak in France: epidemiological characteristics and sexual behaviour of cases aged 15 years or older, 2022 [2023]
    • Bacterial sexually transmitted infections in France: recent trends and patients’ characteristics in 2016 [2019]
    • Incidence of gonococcal and chlamydial infections and coverage of two laboratory surveillance networks, France, 2012 [2015]
• Ghana
  • BMC Public Health
    • Self-reported sexually transmitted infections among sexually active men in Ghana [2021]
• Hungary
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • STIs during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Hungary: Gonorrhea as a Potential Indicator of Sexual Behavior [2022]
• India
  • Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS
    • A systematic review on the prevalence and utilization of health care services for reproductive tract infections/sexually transmitted infections: Evidence from India [2015]
• International
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Increasing incidence rates of sexually transmitted infections from 2010 to 2019: an analysis of temporal trends by geographical regions and age groups from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study [2022]
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis: global prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016 [2019]
  • Cadernos de Saúde Pública
    • Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis among lesbian women: systematic review and recommendations to improve care [2019]
  • Frontiers in Medicine
    • Incidence Trends of Five Common Sexually Transmitted Infections Excluding HIV From 1990 to 2019 at the Global, Regional, and National Levels: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 [2022]
  • Journal of Global Health
    • The trend analysis of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among the elderly aged 50 to 69 years from 1990 to 2030 [2024]
  • Lancet Healthy Longevity
    • Global, regional, and national burden of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in older adults aged 60-89 years from 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 [2024]
  • Medicine
    • Global perspectives on the burden of sexually transmitted diseases: A narrative review [2024]
• Iran
  • BMC Public Health
    • Epidemiology of genital infections caused by Mycoplasma hominis, M. genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum in Iran; a systematic review and meta-analysis study (2000–2019) [2020]
  • Iranian Journal of Public Health
    • Prevalence of Urogenital Mycoplasmas in Iran and Their Effects on Fertility Potential: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2016]
• Ireland
  • Health Protection Surveillance Centre
    • STI Reports
• Japan
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Estimating nationwide cases of sexually transmitted diseases in 2015 from sentinel surveillance data in Japan [2020]
  • Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases
    • Changing Demography of Genital Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Genital Herpes, Condyloma, and Syphilis Infections in Japan [2021]
  • Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy
    • Increased cervical Chlamydia trachomatis and syphilis infections in Japanese females of reproductive age in the late 2010s: Possible cause [2021]
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • Recent changes in the reporting of STIs in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic [2023]
• Latin America and the Caribbean
  • Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
    • A systematic review of the prevalence of selected sexually transmitted infections in young people in Latin America [2022]
• Mali
  • BMJ Open
    • Self-reported sexually transmitted infections among adolescent girls and young women in Mali: analysis of prevalence and predictors [2023]
• Middle East, North Africa
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Sexually transmitted infections in the middle east and North Africa: comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
  • Journal of Global Health
    • Epidemiology of Treponema pallidum, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, and herpes simplex virus type 2 among female sex workers in the Middle East and North Africa: systematic review and meta-analytics [2019]
• Mongolia
  • Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal
    • Trends in adult chlamydia and gonorrhoea prevalence, incidence and urethral discharge case reporting in Mongolia from 1995 to 2016 – estimates using the Spectrum-STI model [2017]
• Netherlands
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Young male sex workers are at high risk for sexually transmitted infections, a cross-sectional study from Dutch STI clinics, the Netherlands, 2006–2012 [2016]
  • BMJ Open
    • Regional differences in chlamydia and gonorrhoeae positivity rate among heterosexual STI clinic visitors in the Netherlands: contribution of client and regional characteristics as assessed by cross-sectional surveillance data [2019]
• Pacific Islands
  • Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal
    • Prevalence of syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia in women in Fiji, the Federated States of Micronesia, Papua New Guinea and Samoa, 1995–2017: Spectrum-STI model estimates [2020]
• Papua New Guinea
  • PLoS ONE
    • The Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Papua New Guinea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2010]
• Poland
  • Journal of Clinical Medicine
    • Comparative Analysis of the Incidence of Selected Sexually Transmitted Viral Infections in Poland in 2010-2015: A Retrospective Cohort Study [2022]
    • Comparative Analysis of the Incidence of Selected Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections in Poland in 2010-2015: A Retrospective Cohort Study [2022]
• Republic of Korea
  • Inquiry
    • Trend Analysis of the Profiles of 12 Sexually Transmitted Disease Pathogens in the Republic of Korea in 2019 [2021]
  • Investigative and Clinical Urology
    • Sexual behavior and sexually transmitted infection in the elderly population of South Korea [2019]
  • Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives
    • The current status of sexually transmitted infections in South Korean children in the last 10 years [2021]
  • World Journal of Men's Health
    • Characterization and Trend of Co-Infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis from the Korean National Infectious Diseases Surveillance Database [2021]
• Rwanda
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections: trends among patients screened for sexually transmitted infections in rwandan health facilities 2014-2020 [2022]
• Samoa
  • Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal
    • Comparing age and sex trends of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, hepatitis and syphilis infections in Samoa in 2012 and 2017 [2020]
• Saudi Arabia
  • Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
    • Sexually transmitted infections case notification rates in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2005–2012 [2015]
• Slovenia
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis: findings from the National Survey of Sexual Lifestyles, Attitudes and Health, Slovenia, 2016 to 2017 [2022]
• South Africa
  • PLoS ONE
    • Adult gonorrhea, chlamydia and syphilis prevalence, incidence, treatment and syndromic case reporting in South Africa: Estimates using the Spectrum-STI model, 1990-2017 [2018]
• South-East Asia
  • BMC Public Health
    • Associations between socio-demographics, sexual knowledge and behaviour and sexually transmitted infections among reproductive-age women in Southeast Asia: Demographic Health Survey results [2025]
• Spain
  • Midwifery
    • Evolution of the epidemiological surveillance indicators of the main sexually transmitted infections in Spain: A retrospective observational study (2011-2019) [2022]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • AIDS
    • Curable sexually transmitted infections among women with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa [2022]
  • PLoS Medicine
    • Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis among women in sub-Saharan Africa: An individual participant data meta-analysis of 18 HIV prevention studies [2018]
  • Systematic Reviews
    • Prevalence of gonococcal and chlamydial infections among men who have sex with men in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
• Sweden
  • APMIS
    • Potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the national and regional incidence, epidemiology and diagnostic testing of chlamydia and gonorrhoea in Sweden, 2020 [2022]
• Tanzania
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Individual and community level factors associated with sexually transmitted infections among men in Tanzania: insights from the Tanzania demographic and health survey of 2022 [2024]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Trend of genital ulcers and discharge and associated factors among survey respondents in Tanzania, 2004-2022: Analysis of demographic health surveys [2025]
• Uganda
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Trends and correlates of sexually transmitted infections among sexually active Ugandan female youths: evidence from three demographic and health surveys, 2006–2016 [2021]
• United Kingdom
  • Emerging Infectious Diseases
    • Increase in Sexually Transmitted Infections among Men Who Have Sex with Men, England, 2014 [2016]
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Improving surveillance of sexually transmitted infections using mandatory electronic clinical reporting: the genitourinary medicine clinic activity dataset, England, 2009 to 2013 [2014]
  • HSC Public Health Agency
    • Sexually Transmitted Infection Surveillance in Northern Ireland 2021. An analysis of data for the calendar year 2020 [2021]
  • Perspectives in Public Health
    • Trends and projections in sexually transmitted infections in people aged 45 years and older in England: analysis of national surveillance data [2022]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Understanding the burden of bacterial sexually transmitted infections and Trichomonas vaginalis among black Caribbeans in the United Kingdom: Findings from a systematic review [2018]
  • Public Health Scotland
    • Genital chlamydia and gonorrhoea infection in Scotland: laboratory diagnoses
  • UK Health Security Agency
    • UKHSA HIV and STI data publication guidelines
    • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): surveillance, data, screening and management
    • STI and HIV surveillance: legal basis and confidentiality controls
    • GUMCAD: clinical guidelines
    • GUMCAD STI Surveillance System
• United States
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Urban and Rural Mpox Incidence Among Persons Aged 15–64 Years — United States, May 10–December 31, 2022 [2023]
    • HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Persons with Monkeypox — Eight U.S. Jurisdictions, May 17–July 22, 2022 [2022]
    • Demographic, Behavioral, and Clinical Characteristics of Persons Seeking Care at Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics — 14 Sites, STD Surveillance Network, United States, 2010–2018 [2021]
    • Sexually Transmitted Diseases
  • Journal of Clinical Medicine
    • Trends in Sexually Transmitted Infections in United States Ambulatory Care Clinics from 2005-2016 [2021]
  • Journal of Women's Health
    • Self-Reported Sexually Transmitted Infections After Incarceration in Women with or at Risk for HIV in the United States, 2007-2017 [2022]
  • Medical Surveillance Monthly Report
    • Update: Sexually Transmitted Infections, Active Component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2012–2020 [2021]
  • Missouri Medicine
    • Trends in Sexually Transmitted Infections [2020]
  • PLoS ONE
    • States with higher minimum wages have lower STI rates among women: Results of an ecological study of 66 US metropolitan areas, 2003-2015 [2019]
  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases
    • Multiple Imputation of Race and Hispanic Ethnicity in National Surveillance Data for Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Syphilis [2024]
    • A National, County-Level Evaluation of the Association Between COVID-19 and Sexually Transmitted Infections Within the United States in 2020 [2023]
    • Trends in Nationally Notifiable Sexually Transmitted Disease Case Reports During the US COVID-19 Pandemic, January to December 2020 [2021]
    • County-Level Social Capital and Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections in the United States [2020]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Report on global sexually transmitted infection surveillance 2018 [2018]
    • Global Estimates of the Prevalence and Incidence of Four Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections in 2012 Based on Systematic Review and Global Reporting [2015]
    • A tool for strengthening STI surveillance at the country level [2015]
    • Baseline report on global sexually transmitted infection surveillance 2012 [2013]
    • Strategies and laboratory methods for strengthening surveillance of sexually transmitted infection 2012 [2012]
    • Global incidence and prevalence of selected curable sexually transmitted infections – 2008 [2012]
    • Prevalence and incidence of selected sexually transmitted infections, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, syphilis and trichomonas vaginalis: methods and results used by WHO to generate 2005 estimates [2011]
    • Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • STDs excluding HIV
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Sexually transmitted infections

Sexually transmitted infections: prevention

• Africa
  • Globalization and Health
    • Systematic review of facility-based sexual and reproductive health services for female sex workers in Africa [2014]
• Australia
  • Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine
    • Australasian Contact Tracing Guidelines
  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases
    • A Systematic Review of Kissing as a Risk Factor for Oropharyngeal Gonorrhea or Chlamydia [2023]
• Australia, New Zealand
  • Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine
    • Interim position statement on doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (Doxy-PEP) for the prevention of bacterial sexually transmissible infections in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand - the Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine (ASHM) [2023]
• Canada
  • Government of Alberta
    • Alberta guidelines for post-exposure management and prophylaxis : HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and sexually transmitted infections
  • Public Health Ontario
    • Case and Contact Management for STIs: Internet-Based Contact Tracing [2019]
• China
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Rural-to-urban migrants are at high risk of sexually transmitted and viral hepatitis infections in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2014]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Risk Factors of HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections in China: A Systematic Review of Reviews [2015]
    • Disparities and Risks of Sexually Transmissible Infections among Men Who Have Sex with Men in China: A Meta-Analysis and Data Synthesis [2014]
    • Trends in High-Risk Sexual Behaviors among General Population Groups in China: A Systematic Review [2013]
• Croatia
  • Croatian Medical Journal
    • Changes in sexually transmitted infections-related sexual risk-taking among young Croatian adults: a 2005-2021 three-wave population-based study [2023]
• Europe
  • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
    • Developing a national strategy for the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections [2019]
    • Utilising social media to support HIV/STI prevention: evidence to inform a handbook for public health programme managers [2017]
    • Utilising social media for HIV/STI prevention programmes among young people [2017]
    • Communication strategies for the prevention of HIV, STI and hepatitis among MSM in Europe [2016]
    • A comprehensive approach to HIV/STI prevention in the context of sexual health in the EU/EEA [2013]
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Using doxycycline for prophylaxis of bacterial sexually transmitted infections: considerations for the European Union and European Economic Area [2023]
  • International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • IUSTI Europe Position Statement on use of DoxyPEP: June 2024 [2024]
• High-income countries
  • AIDS and Behavior
    • The Cost-Effectiveness of HIV/STI Prevention in High-Income Countries with Concentrated Epidemic Settings: A Scoping Review [2022]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • What Works? Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Blood-Borne Viruses in Migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa, Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia Living in High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review [2019]
• Hong Kong
  • Journal of Medical Internet Research
    • A Web-Based Sexual Health Intervention to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections in Hong Kong: Model-Based Cost-Effectiveness Analysis [2023]
• International
  • Journal of the International AIDS Society
    • Counselling behavioural interventions for HIV, STI and viral hepatitis among key populations: a systematic review of effectiveness, values and preferences, and cost studies [2023]
  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases
    • Partner Services in STD Prevention Programs: A Review [2016]
  • Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
    • Biomedical technologies for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections and HIV for adolescent girls and young women [2016]
  • Vaccine
    • The global roadmap for advancing development of vaccines against sexually transmitted infections: Update and next steps [2016]
• Liberia
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Implementation of a National Semen Testing and Counseling Program for Male Ebola Survivors — Liberia, 2015–2016 [2016]
• Low and middle income countries
  • BMC Public Health
    • Partner Notification for sexually transmitted infections in developing countries: a systematic review [2010]
  • Journal of Adolescent Health
    • Interventions to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections, Including HIV, Among Young People in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of the Published and Gray Literature [2016]
• Spain
  • Journal of Clinical Medicine
    • Consensus on Recommendations for Safe Sexual Activity during the COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic [2020]
• United Kingdom
  • British Association for Sexual Health and HIV
    • BASHH updated position statement on doxycycline as prophylaxis for sexually transmitted infections [2022]
    • UK National Guidelines on safer sex advice [2012]
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Optimising partner notification outcomes for bacterial sexually transmitted infections: a deliberative process and consensus, United Kingdom, 2019 [2022]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Reducing sexually transmitted infections [2022]
    • Sexually transmitted infections: condom distribution schemes [2017]
  • Public Health England
    • Doxycycline as post-exposure prophylaxis for STIs: PHE response
  • UK Health Security Agency
    • Monkeypox: cleaning sex-on-premises venues
• United States
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force [2020]
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Expedited Partner Therapy [2018]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • CDC Clinical Guidelines on the Use of Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention, United States, 2024 [2024]
    • Potential for Recurrent Mpox Outbreaks Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men — United States, 2023 [2023]
    • Strategies Adopted by Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men to Prevent Monkeypox virus Transmission — United States, August 2022 [2022]
    • Modeling the Impact of Sexual Networks in the Transmission of Monkeypox virus Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men — United States, 2022 [2022]
  • New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute
    • Doxycycline Post-Exposure Prophylaxis to Prevent Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections [2024]
  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases
    • Changes in Oral and Anal Sex With Opposite-Sex Partners Among Sexually Active Females and Males Aged 15 to 44 Years in the United States: National Survey of Family Growth, 2011-2019 [2023]
    • The Role of Behavioral Counseling in STD Prevention Program Settings [2016]
  • U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
    • Sexually Transmitted Infections: Behavioral Counseling [2020]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • New good practice statement on counselling behavioural interventions for key populations to prevent HIV, viral hepatitis and STIs [2023]
    • Preventing HIV and other STIs among women and girls using contraceptive services in contexts with high HIV incidence [2020]
    • Prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the era of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV [2019]
    • A strategic approach to strengthening control of reproductive tract and sexually transmitted infections : use of the programme guidance tool [2009]
    • Global strategy for the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections: 2006–2015 [2007]
    • Global strategy for the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections: 2006–2015 - Key messages [2006]
    • Sexually Transmitted Infections - Risk factors
    • Global Sexually Transmitted Infections Programme - Prevention
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Sexually transmitted infections

Sexually transmitted infections: screening, diagnosis

• Australia
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Wide variation in sexually transmitted infection testing and counselling at Aboriginal primary health care centres in Australia: analysis of longitudinal continuous quality improvement data [2017]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Point-of-Care Testing for Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea: Implications for Clinical Practice [2014]
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • Comprehensive testing for, and diagnosis of, sexually transmissible infections among Australian gay and bisexual men: findings from repeated, cross-sectional behavioural surveillance, 2003–2012 [2013]
• Brazil
  • Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira
    • Sexually transmitted infections - laboratory diagnosis [2019]
• Canada
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • Approach to sexually transmitted infection testing for men who have sex with men [2024]
  • Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care
    • Recommendation on screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea in primary care for individuals not known to be at high risk [2021]
    • Chlamydia and Gonorrhea (2021) [2021]
  • Public Health Agency of Canada
    • Summary of the National Advisory Committee on Sexually Transmitted and Blood-Borne Infections (NAC-STBBI) Statement: Recommendations on Screening for Syphilis in Non-Pregnant Adults and Adolescents [2024]
• Croatia
  • Central European Journal of Public Health
    • Digital technology and HIV, HCV and STI voluntary counselling and testing: good practice example from Croatia [2022]
• Eastern Europe
  • Acta Dermato-Venereologica
    • Guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis of mycoplasma genitalium infections in East European countries [2010]
• Europe
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Recommendations for collection and integration of community-based testing and linkage to care data into national surveillance, monitoring and evaluation systems for HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections: results from the INTEGRATE Joint Action [2021]
  • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
    • Technologies, strategies and approaches for testing populations at risk of sexually transmitted infections in the EU/EEA [2021]
    • STI laboratory diagnostics in Europe [2013]
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on testing services for HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections in the WHO European Region, March to August 2020 [2020]
  • F1000Research
    • Screening is not associated with reduced incidence of gonorrhoea or chlamydia in men who have sex with men (MSM); an ecological study of 23 European countries [2019]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Changes in the prevalence of self-reported sexually transmitted bacterial infections from 2010 and 2017 in two large European samples of men having sex with men–is it time to re-evaluate STI-screening as a control strategy? [2021]
• Hong Kong
  • Centre for Health Protection
    • Recommendations on STI Testing for MSM in Hong Kong [2020]
• International
  • Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
    • Point-of-Care Testing for Sexually Transmitted Infections A Review of Recent Developments [2020]
  • BMC Medicine
    • Diagnostic accuracy of pooling urine, anorectal, and oropharyngeal specimens for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2021]
  • BMJ Global Health
    • At-home specimen self-collection as an additional testing strategy for chlamydia and gonorrhoea: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis [2024]
    • Multiplexed technologies for sexually transmitted infections: global evidence on patient-centered and clinical health outcomes [2021]
  • International Journal of Infectious Diseases
    • The diagnostic accuracy of pooled testing from multiple individuals for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a systematic review [2022]
  • Journal of the International AIDS Society
    • Missed opportunities for HIV testing among those who accessed sexually transmitted infection (STI) services, tested for STIs and diagnosed with STIs: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • Advancing prevention of sexually transmitted infections through point-of-care testing: target product profiles and landscape analysis [2017]
    • Advancing point of care diagnostics for the control and prevention of STIs: the way forward [2017]
• Low and middle income countries
  • BMC Infectious Diseases
    • Facilitators and barriers to point-of-care testing for sexually transmitted infections in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review [2022]
  • World Health Organization
    • The diagnostics landscape for sexually transmitted infections [2023]
• Nepal
  • BMJ Open
    • Availability and readiness to provide sexually transmitted infections and HIV testing and counselling services in Nepal: evidence from comprehensive health facility survey [2020]
• Netherlands
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • Frequency and determinants of consistent STI/HIV testing among men who have sex with men testing at STI outpatient clinics in the Netherlands: a longitudinal study [2017]
• Pakistan
  • Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
    • Challenges in screening of sexually transmitted viral infections of the female genital tract: Where do we stand? - A scoping review [2022]
• South Africa
  • Clinical Infectious Diseases
    • Impact of Point-of-Care Testing on the Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections in South Africa: Evidence from the HVTN702 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine Trial [2023]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • PLoS Medicine
    • Aetiology of vaginal discharge, urethral discharge, and genital ulcer in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-regression [2024]
• United Kingdom
  • British Association for Sexual Health and HIV
    • Guidance on STI Testing, 2021 and 2023 [2023]
    • Guidance for the design of self-sampling packs and associated support for self-sampling processes within Sexually Transmitted Infection and Blood Borne Virus testing [2021]
  • National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
    • Colli-Pee for first void urine collection [2021]
  • Public Health England
    • Use of dual nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for chlamydia and gonorrhoea
  • Royal College of Pathologists
    • Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea infection – testing by Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAAT) [2024]
    • Sexually Transmitted Infections [2013]
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • Assessment of online self-testing and self-sampling service providers for sexually transmitted infections against national standards in the UK in 2020 [2023]
  • UK Health Security Agency
    • Sexually transmitted infections reference laboratory (STIRL): Clinical reference and surveillance services
    • Monkeypox: semen testing for viral DNA
• United States
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Screening for Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infections: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force [2021]
  • American Academy of Pediatrics
    • Screening for Nonviral Sexually Transmitted Infections in Adolescents and Young Adults [2014]
  • American Family Physician
    • Binx IO Point-of-Care Test for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections [2022]
    • Sexually Transmitted Infections: Recommendations from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force [2016]
  • American Journal of Medicine
    • STI/HIV Testing and Prevalence of Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Among Persons with Their Specified-Type Sex Partner [2022]
  • American Journal of Preventive Medicine
    • Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Screening in the U.S. [2021]
  • American Sexually Transmitted Diseases Association
    • Direct-to-Consumer Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing Services: A Position Statement from the American Sexually Transmitted Diseases Association [2021]
  • Archives of Sexual Behavior
    • Changes in Sexual Behaviors with Opposite-Sex Partners and Sexually Transmitted Infection Outcomes Among Females and Males Ages 15-44 Years in the USA: National Survey of Family Growth, 2008-2019 [2023]
  • Clinical Microbiology Reviews
    • Medical and Legal Implications of Testing for Sexually Transmitted Infections in Children [2010]
  • Family Medicine and Community Health
    • Sexually transmitted infection laboratory testing and education trends in US outpatient physician offices, 2009–2016 [2021]
  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases
    • Trends in Follow-up Testing Among Patients Positive for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea in the Veterans Health Administration, 2013 to 2019 [2023]
    • Can Diagnostic Codes in Health Care Claims Data Identify Confirmed Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infections? A Retrospective Cohort Study, 2003 to 2017 [2021]
    • A Narrative Review of Where We Are With Point-of-Care Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing in the United States [2021]
    • A Comparison of US Clinical Laboratory Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Testing Practices Before and After the 2014 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Testing Recommendations [2021]
    • Testing for Sexually Transmitted Diseases in US Public Health Laboratories, 2016 [2020]
  • U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
    • Chlamydia and Gonorrhea: Screening [2021]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Integration of HIV and syphilis testing services as part of Mpox response: standard operating procedures [2025]
    • Surveillance, case investigation and contact tracing for mpox (monkeypox): Interim guidance, March 2024 [2024]
    • Self-testing implementation toolkit for HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections [2024]
    • Point-of-care tests for sexually transmitted infections: target product profiles [2023]
    • Laboratory and point-of-care diagnostic testing for sexually transmitted infections, including HIV [2023]
    • Self-collection of samples for sexually transmitted infections [2020]
    • Laboratory diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, including human immunodeficiency virus [2013]
    • Manual for the standardization of colposcopy for the evaluation of vaginal products. Update 2004 [2004]
    • Global Sexually Transmitted Infections Programme - Testing & diagnostics
• WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
  • WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region
    • Summary report on the Policy dialogue on scaling up testing for HIV, hepatitis and STIs in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Cairo, Egypt, 22-24 October 2024 [2024]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Sexually transmitted infections

Sexually transmitted infections: treatment

• Australia
  • Scientific Reports
    • Cost-effectiveness of resistance-guided therapy for Mycoplasma genitalium in Australia [2024]
• Belgium
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Estimation of antimicrobial resistance of Mycoplasma genitalium, Belgium, 2022 [2024]
• Canada
  • Government of Alberta
    • Alberta treatment guidelines for sexually transmitted infections (STI) in adolescents and adults 2018
• Europe
  • International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • Treatment Guidelines (Europe) – IUSTI
• France
  • Journal of Clinical Microbiology
    • Evaluation of commercial, customized microdilution plates for Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Mycoplasma hominis antimicrobial susceptibility testing and determination of antimicrobial resistance prevalence in France [2024]
• International
  • Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance
    • Trends of fluoroquinolones resistance in Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma urogenital isolates: Systematic review and meta-analysis [2024]
• Kenya
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • Evaluation of WHO screening algorithm for the presumptive treatment of asymptomatic rectal gonorrhoea and chlamydia infections in at-risk MSM in Kenya [2013]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
    • A systematic review of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium in sub-Saharan Africa [2022]
• United States
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Evidence Papers for the CDC Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines [2022]
    • STI Treatment Guidelines [2021]
    • Availability of Injectable Antimicrobial Drugs for Gonorrhea and Syphilis, United States, 2016 [2019]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Recommendations for the treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Candida albicans, bacterial vaginosis and human papillomavirus (anogenital warts) [2024]
    • Medicines for HIV, viral hepatitis, and sexually transmitted infections in low- and middle-income countries: forecasts of global demand for 2022-2026 [2023]
    • Global Sexually Transmitted Infections Programme - Treatment & Care
• WHO Western Pacific Region
  • WHO Western Pacific Region
    • Review of national treatment guidelines for sexually transmitted infections in the Western Pacific Region [2018]
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Sexually transmitted infections

Syphilis

• Africa
  • PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
    • Neurosyphilis in Africa: A systematic review [2017]
• Americas
  • Pan American Health Organization
    • Guidance for the Elimination of Syphilis and Congenital Syphilis in the Americas [2024]
    • Stakeholder Meeting to Address the Rise of Syphilis in the Region of the Americas [2022]
    • Epidemiological Review of Syphilis in the Americas, December 2021 [2022]
    • Syphilis
• Australia
  • Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine
    • Syphilis
  • Australian Journal of General Practice
    • The resurgence of syphilis in Australia [2024]
    • Syphilis the great mimic: Forgotten but not gone [2024]
  • Department of Health and Aged Care
    • Syphilis – CDNA National Guidelines for Public Health Units [2024]
  • Lancet Microbe
    • Characterisation of Treponema pallidum lineages within the contemporary syphilis outbreak in Australia: a genomic epidemiological analysis [2022]
  • NSW Health
    • Syphilis control guideline
• Australia, New Zealand
  • Royal Australasian College of Physicians
    • Consensus Statement on the Clinical Implications of a Positive Syphilis Serology Test in the Context of a Previous Negative Syphilis Point of Care Test [2018]
• Brazil
  • BMC Public Health
    • Analyzing the reach of public health campaigns based on multidimensional aspects: the case of the syphilis epidemic in Brazil [2021]
  • Cadernos de Saúde Pública
    • Assessment of the appropriate management of syphilis patients in primary health care in different regions of Brazil from 2012 to 2018 [2022]
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    • Analysis of the Impact of Communication Campaigns under the Project "Syphilis No": A National Tool for Inducing and Promoting Health [2022]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Trends of syphilis in Brazil: A growth portrait of the treponemic epidemic [2020]
  • Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia
    • Syphilis detection rate trend in aged people: Brazil, 2011-2019 [2023]
  • Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
    • Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected the Epidemiology of Syphilis in Brazil? [2022]
  • Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical
    • Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: syphilis diagnostic tests [2021]
    • Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: acquired syphilis [2021]
• Canada
  • BC Centre for Disease Control
    • Syphilis
  • Canadian Family Physician
    • Syphilis [2023]
  • Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology
    • Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network laboratory guidelines for the use of serological tests (excluding point-of-care tests) for the diagnosis of syphilis in Canada [2015]
    • Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network laboratory guidelines for the use of point-of-care tests for the diagnosis of syphilis in Canada [2015]
    • Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network laboratory guidelines for the use of direct tests to detect syphilis in Canada [2015]
    • Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network laboratory guidelines for the diagnosis of neurosyphilis in Canada [2015]
  • Public Health Agency of Canada
    • Rising syphilis rates in Canada, 2011-2020 [2022]
    • Infectious and congenital syphilis in Canada, 2010–2015 [2018]
    • Interim Syphilis Treatment Guidelines during the Benzathine Penicillin G (Bicillin L-A) Shortage 2016 [2016]
    • Syphilis guide: Key information and resources
  • Public Health Ontario
    • Syphilis
• China
  • Chinese Medical Journal
    • 2019 Chinese expert consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of syphilis [2020]
  • Iranian Journal of Public Health
    • Potential Predictors for Serofast State after Treatment among HIV-Negative Persons with Syphilis in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2015]
  • Journal of International Medical Research
    • Epidemiological characteristics of syphilis in mainland China, 2004 to 2019 [2024]
  • PLoS ONE
    • The prevalence of asymptomatic neurosyphilis among HIV-negative serofast patients in China: A meta-analysis [2020]
    • Time Series Modelling of Syphilis Incidence in China from 2005 to 2012 [2016]
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • An expanding syphilis epidemic in China: epidemiology, behavioural risk and control strategies with a focus on low-tier female sex workers and men who have sex with men [2011]
• Eastern Europe
  • Journal of Global Health
    • An estimate of syphilis incidence in Eastern Europe [2012]
• Ethiopia
  • BMC Public Health
    • Prevalence of syphilis and associated factors among female sex workers in Ethiopia: findings from a multilevel analysis of a national bio-behavioral survey [2023]
• Europe
  • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
    • Syphilis - Annual Epidemiological Report for 2023 [2025]
    • Syphilis and congenital syphilis in Europe - A review of epidemiological trends (2007–2018) and options for response [2019]
    • Syphilis
  • EuroSurveillance
    • A proposal for changes to the European Union syphilis surveillance case definition using evidence from evaluations in Ireland [2018]
  • International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • 2020 European guideline on the management of syphilis [2020]
• France
  • Acta Dermato-Venereologica
    • Surveillance of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Treponema Pallidum Subspecies Pallidum from Patients with Early Syphilis in France [2020]
• Germany
  • EuroSurveillance
    • Increased incidence of syphilis in men who have sex with men and risk management strategies, Germany, 2015 [2016]
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Epidemiology, Management, Quality of Testing and Cost of Syphilis in Germany: A Retrospective Model Analysis [2022]
• International
  • BMC Public Health
    • Global, regional, and national trends of syphilis from 1990 to 2019: the 2019 global burden of disease study [2023]
  • Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    • Factors influencing adult and adolescent completion of treatment for late syphilis: a mixed methods systematic review - PMC [2025]
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Syphilis response policies and their assessments: A scoping review [2022]
  • Lancet Global Health
    • Prevalence of syphilis among men who have sex with men: a global systematic review and meta-analysis from 2000–20 [2021]
  • Lancet Public Health
    • The role of syphilis self-testing as an additional syphilis testing approach in key populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2023]
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • Improved rapid diagnostic tests to detect syphilis and yaws: a systematic review and meta-analysis [2022]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Syphilis
• Latin America
  • International Journal of Infectious Diseases
    • Syphilis in the most at-risk populations in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review [2013]
• Latin America and the Caribbean
  • Pan American Health Organization
    • Guidance on Syphilis Testing in Latin America and the Caribbean: Improving Uptake, Interpretation, and Quality of Testing in Different Clinical Settings [2015]
• Low and middle income countries
  • International Journal of Drug Policy
    • Syphilis in Drug Users in Low and Middle Income Countries [2010]
• Mongolia
  • Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal
    • Increasing syphilis notifications in Mongolia: results from national surveillance for 2001–2011 [2012]
• New Zealand
  • New Zealand Sexual Health Society
    • Syphilis
• Peru
  • Pan American Health Organization
    • Strategies for the Elimination of Syphilis in Peru. Program Impact and Cost-Effectiveness Projections Using the Syphilis Interventions Towards Elimination (SITE) Model [2021]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Risk Factors Associated with Incident Syphilis in a Cohort of High-Risk Men in Peru [2016]
• South Africa
  • Southern African HIV Clinicians Society
    • Southern African HIV Clinicians Society Guideline for the clinical management of syphilis [2024]
• Spain
  • Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas
    • AEDV Expert Consensus for the Management of Syphilis [2024]
• Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Lancet Global Health
    • Prevalence of syphilis among adults and adolescents in five sub-Saharan African countries: findings from Population-based HIV Impact Assessment surveys [2024]
• United Kingdom
  • British Association for Sexual Health and HIV
    • BASHH UK guidelines for the management of syphilis 2024 [2024]
  • Primary Care Dermatology Society
    • Syphilis
  • Public Health Scotland
    • Syphilis in Scotland
  • Royal College of Pathologists
    • Laboratory diagnosis of syphilis [2023]
  • UK Health Security Agency
    • Syphilis: surveillance, data and management
• United States
  • Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    • Screening for Syphilis Infection in Nonpregnant Adults and Adolescents: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force [2022]
    • Screening for Syphilis in Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults [2016]
  • American Journal of Clinical Dermatology
    • Syphilis in Dermatology: Recognition and Management [2023]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • CDC Laboratory Recommendations for Syphilis Testing, United States, 2024 [2024]
    • Management of Adult Syphilis: Key Questions to Inform the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines [2022]
    • Evidence Review for Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidance Development on Laboratory Testing to Detect Treponema pallidum Infection (Syphilis) [2020]
    • Increased Methamphetamine, Injection Drug, and Heroin Use Among Women and Heterosexual Men with Primary and Secondary Syphilis — United States, 2013–2017 [2019]
    • State-Specific Rates of Primary and Secondary Syphilis Among Men Who Have Sex with Men — United States, 2015 [2017]
    • Syphilis
  • Clinical Infectious Diseases
    • Clinical Test Performance of a Rapid Point-of-Care Syphilis Treponemal Antibody Test: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [2020]
  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases
    • Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Persons Diagnosed With Primary and Secondary Syphilis Who Reported High-Risk Substance Use: Data From the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, 2018 [2022]
  • U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
    • Syphilis Infection in Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults: Screening [2022]
• United States, Western Europe
  • PLoS ONE
    • Syphilis Trends among Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States and Western Europe: A Systematic Review of Trend Studies Published between 2004 and 2015 [2016]
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Updated recommendations for the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Treponema pallidum and new recommendations on syphilis testing and partner services: Web Annex E. Evidence-to-decision framework and summary of findings tables for syphilis self-testing [2024]
    • Updated recommendations for the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Treponema pallidum and new recommendations on syphilis testing and partner services: Web Annex D. Evidence-to-decision framework and summary of findings tables and for dual treponemal/non-treponemal syphilis rapid diagnostic tests [2024]
    • WHO guidelines for the treatment of Treponema pallidum (syphilis) [2016]
    • Syphilis: Fact sheet
    • Syphilis (WHO Mortality Database)
    • Syphilis
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Sexually transmitted infections
    • HIV/AIDS and syphilis
    • Congenital syphilis, syphilis in pregnancy

Trichomoniasis

• Africa
  • Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases
    • A review on Trichomonas vaginalis infections in women from Africa [2021]
• Australia
  • Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine
    • Trichomoniasis
• Canada
  • BC Centre for Disease Control
    • Trichomoniasis
• Colombia
  • Scientific Reports
    • Trichomonas vaginalis follow-up and persistence in Colombian women [2021]
• Eastern Europe
  • Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology
    • Guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis of trichomoniasis in East European countries [2010]
• Iceland
  • Acta Dermato-Venereologica
    • Trichomonas vaginalis is Rare Among Women in Iceland [2017]
• International
  • Frontiers in Public Health
    • Global burden of trichomoniasis: current status, trends, and projections (1990-2021) [2025]
• Iran
  • Journal of Reproduction & Infertility
    • Review of Trichomonas vaginalis in Iran, Based on Epidemiological Situation [2018]
• Ireland
  • Ireland's Health Services
    • Trichomoniasis
• Middle East, North Africa
  • EBioMedicine
    • Epidemiology of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in the Middle East and North Africa: systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions [2024]
• New Zealand
  • New Zealand Sexual Health Society
    • Trichomoniasis
• Republic of Korea
  • PLoS ONE
    • Epidemiology of Trichomoniasis in South Korea and Increasing Trend in Incidence, Health Insurance Review and Assessment 2009-2014 [2016]
• Sri Lanka
  • PLoS ONE
    • Comparison of diagnostic methods and analysis of socio-demographic factors associated with Trichomonas vaginalis infection in Sri Lanka [2021]
• United Kingdom
  • British Association for Sexual Health and HIV
    • British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) United Kingdom national guideline on the management of Trichomonas vaginalis 2021 [2022]
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • Trichomonas vaginalis infection is uncommon in the British general population: implications for clinical testing and public health screening [2018]
• United States
  • American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
    • Neglected Parasitic Infections in the United States: Trichomoniasis [2014]
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Diagnosis and Management of Trichomonas vaginalis: Summary of Evidence Reviewed for the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines [2022]
    • Trichomoniasis
  • Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
    • Updates in Trichomonas Treatment including Persistent Infection and 5-Nitroimidazole Hypersensitivity [2020]
  • F1000Research
    • Recent advances in the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of Trichomonas vaginalis infection [2019]
  • Journal of Clinical Microbiology
    • Trichomonas vaginalis Detection in Urogenital Specimens from Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Men and Women by Use of the cobas TV/MG Test [2021]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Prevalence and risk factors for Trichomonas vaginalis infection among adults in the U.S., 2013–2014 [2020]
  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases
    • Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis Among Civilian, Noninstitutionalized Male and Female Population Aged 14 to 59 Years: United States, 2013 to 2016 [2019]
    • Trichomonas vaginalis in Selected US Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics: Testing, Screening, and Prevalence [2013]
  • StatPearls
    • Trichomoniasis
• WHO
  • World Health Organization
    • Recommendations for the treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Candida albicans, bacterial vaginosis and human papillomavirus (anogenital warts): Web Annex A. Evidence-to-decision framework and systematic review for the WHO treatment recommendations for Trichomonas vaginalis [2024]
    • Trichomoniasis: Fact sheet
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Vulvitis, vaginitis
    • Trichomoniasis in pregnancy

Vulvitis, vaginitis

• Australia
  • Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine
    • Vaginal discharge
• Brazil
  • Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical
    • Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2020: infections causing vaginal discharge [2021]
• Canada
  • Public Health Agency of Canada
    • Vaginitis
  • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
    • Vulvovaginitis: Screening for and Management of Trichomoniasis, Vulvovaginal Candidiasis, and Bacterial Vaginosis [2015]
• China
  • Chinese Medical Journal
    • Evaluation of the vaginal microbiome in clinical diagnosis and management of vaginal infectious diseases [2019]
• Europe
  • International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections
    • 2018 European (IUSTI/WHO) International Union against sexually transmitted infections (IUSTI) World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline on the management of vaginal discharge [2018]
• International
  • Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
    • Recent Advances in Presentation, Diagnosis and Treatment for Mixed Vaginitis [2021]
  • PLoS ONE
    • Scoping review of cytolytic vaginosis literature [2023]
    • The Performance of the Vaginal Discharge Syndromic Management in Treating Vaginal and Cervical Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2016]
  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases
    • Bacterial Vaginosis and Its Association With Incident Trichomonas vaginalis Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [2021]
• Poland
  • Ginekologia Polska
    • Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians recommendation on the use of antiseptics for treatment of inflammatory vaginitis [2020]
• Singapore
  • Singapore Medical Journal
    • Vaginal discharge: evaluation and management in primary care [2020]
• Sweden
  • International Journal of Infectious Diseases
    • Novel risk factors associated with common vaginal infections: a nationwide primary health care cohort study: Novel risk factors for vaginal infections [2022]
• United Kingdom
  • Public Health England
    • Abnormal vaginal discharge: management and laboratory diagnosis guide for primary care
• United States
  • American Family Physician
    • Vaginitis: Diagnosis and Treatment [2018]
  • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
    • Vaginitis
  • Population Health Management
    • Physician Awareness and Adherence to Clinical Practice Guidelines in the Diagnosis of Vaginitis Patients: A Retrospective Chart Review [2020]
    • Improving the Diagnosis of Vulvovaginitis: Perspectives to Align Practice, Guidelines, and Awareness [2020]
  • StatPearls
    • Vaginitis
• {Related topics}
  • Topic
    • Vulvar diseases
    • Trichomoniasis
    • Sexually transmitted infections
    • Herpes
    • Candidiasis
    • Bacterial vaginosis